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Vision-Based Underwater Target Following control of an Agile Robotic Manta With Flexible Pectoral Fins

IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS 2023年第4期8卷 2277-2284页

作者： Meng, Yan Wu, Zhengxing Li, Yating Chen, Di Tan, Min Yu, Junzhi Peking Univ Coll Engn Dept Adv Mfg & Robot State Key Lab Turbulence & Complex Syst Beijing 100871 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Guangdong Ocean Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Zhanjiang 524088 Peoples R China

Manta-inspired robots have been increasingly applied in vision-based underwater tasks. However, owing to the refraction effect and motion coupling problem, their accurate target following control is still poorly understood. This letter proposes a vision-based underwater target following scheme for robotic manta. First, an agile robotic manta equipped with a binocular camera system is constructed. The motion modes are further detailed based on the propulsion analysis to the flexible pectoral fins. Second, a color-based underwater target detection and localization method is conceived. Specifically, the binocular refraction correction is employed to improve the localization accuracy. Third, combing the nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller and fuzzy inference system, a robust target following controller is presented to solve the coupling between distance and azimuth control of the robot. Finally, various aquatic experiments are conducted, verifying the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed underwater target following scheme. The obtained results provide valuable insights into the intelligent control of agile bioinspired robots performing vision-based tasks in dynamic underwater environments.

关键词： Robot kinematics Location awareness Cameras Task analysis Robot vision systems Turning Sports Biologically-inspired robots robotic manta target following control binocular underwater localization sliding mode control

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Event-Triggered Deep Reinforcement Learning Using Parallel control: A Case Study in Autonomous Driving

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES 2023年第4期8卷 2821-2831页

作者： Lu, Jingwei Han, Liyuan Wei, Qinglai Wang, Xiao Dai, Xingyuan Wang, Fei-Yue Qingdao Acad Intelligent Ind Parallel Intelligence Innovat Res Ctr Qingdao 266109 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Anhui Univ Sch Artificial Intelligence Hefei 230031 Peoples R China Qingdao Acad Intelligent Ind Qingdao 266114 Peoples R China

This paper utilizes parallel control to investigate the problem of event-triggered deep reinforcement learning and develops an event-triggered deep Q-network (ETDQN) for decision-making of autonomous driving, without training an explicit triggering condition. Based on the framework of parallel control, the developed ETDQN incorporates information of actions into the feedback and constructs a dynamic control policy. First, in the realization of the dynamic control policy, we integrate the current state and the previous action to construct the augmented state as well as the augmented Markov decision process. Meanwhile, it is shown theoretically that the goal of the developed dynamic control policy is to learn the variation rate of the action. The augmented state contains information of the current state and the previous action, which enables the developed ETDQN to directly design the immediate reward considering communication loss. Then, based on dueling double deep Q-network (dueling DDQN), we establish the augmented action-value, value, and advantage functions to directly learn the optimal event-triggered decision-making policy of autonomous driving without an explicit triggering condition. It is worth noticing that the developed ETDQN applies to various deep Q-networks (DQNs). Empirical results demonstrate that, in event-triggered control, the developed ETDQN outperforms dueling DDQN and reduces communication loss effectively.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles Decision making Path planning Training Optimal control Deep learning complex systems Autonomous driving deep reinforcement learning deep Q-network event-triggered control parallel control

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Modeling the dynamic impacts of maritime network blockage on global supply chains

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 103-109,102页

作者： Shen Qu Yunlei She Qi Zhou Jasper Verschuur Lu-Tao Zhao Huan Liu Ming Xu Yi-Ming Wei Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Management Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Key Lab of Energy Economics and Environmental Management Beijing 100081China Oxford Programme for Sustainable Infrastructure Systems(OPSIS) Environmental Change InstituteUniversity of OxfordOX12JD OxfordUK State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Recent phenomena such as pandemics,geopolitical tensions,and climate change-induced extreme weather events have caused transportation network interruptions,revealing vulnerabilities in the global supply chain.A salient example is the March 2021 Suez Canal blockage,which delayed 432 vessels carrying cargo valued at$92.7 billion,triggering widespread supply chain *** ability to model the spatiotemporal ramifications of such incidents remains *** fill this gap,we develop an agent-based complex network model integrated with frequently updated maritime *** Suez Canal blockage is taken as a case *** results indicate that the effects of such blockages go beyond the directly affected countries and *** Suez Canal blockage led to global losses of about$136.9($127.5–$147.3)billion,with India suffering 75%of these *** losses show a nonlinear relationship with the duration of blockage and exhibit intricate trends post *** proposed model can be applied to diverse blockage scenarios,potentially acting as an earlyalert system for the ensuing supply chain ***,high-resolution daily data post blockage offer valuable insights that can help nations and industries enhance their resilience against similar future events.

关键词： chains valued extreme

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γ-Razor: Hardness-Aware Dataset Pruning for Efficient Neural Network Training

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL systems 2024年第3期12卷 957-971页

作者： Liu, Lei Zhang, Peng Liang, Yunji Liu, Junrui Morra, Lia Guo, Bin Yu, Zhiwen Zhang, Yanyong Zeng, Daniel D. Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Comp Sci Xian 710129 Peoples R China Politecn Torino Dept Control & Comp Engn I-10129 Turin Italy Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Comp Sci & Technol Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) on largescale datasets is often inefficient with large computational needs and significant energy consumption. Although great efforts have been taken to optimize DNNs, few studies focused on the inefficiency caused by the data samples with less value for model training. In this article, we empirically demonstrate that sample complexity is important for model efficiency and selecting representative samples is constructive to the model efficiency. In particular, we propose hardness-aware dataset pruning method (gamma-Razor) to select representative samples from large-scale datasets to remove the less valuable data samples for model *** -Razor is a two-stage framework that includes interclass sampling and intraclass sampling. First, we introduce the inverse self-paced learning strategy to learn hard samples and adjust their weights adaptively according to the inverse frequency of effective samples of each class. For intraclass sampling, hardness-aware cluster sampling algorithm is proposed to downsample easy samples within each class. To evaluate the performance of gamma-Razor, we conducted extensive experiments on three large-scale datasets for image classification tasks. The experimental results show that models trained with the pruned datasets show competitive performances against their counterparts trained with the original large-scale datasets in terms of robustness and efficiency. Furthermore, models trained with the pruned datasets converge faster with lower energy consumption.

关键词： Training complexity theory Computational modeling Data models Data mining Adaptation models Robustness Energy consumption Noise measurement Loss measurement Dataset pruning energy efficiency hard sample mining inverse self-paced learning (SPL)

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A Wire-driven Elastic Robotic Fish and its Design and CPG-Based control

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JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & ROBOTIC systems 2023年第1期107卷 1-13页

作者： Liao, Xiaocun Zhou, Chao Wang, Jian Fan, Junfeng Zhang, Zhuoliang Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst 95 Zhongguancun East Rd Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Artificial Intelligence 19 Yuquan Rd Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

To simulate the complex and continuous undulation of fishtail in nature, the method of adopting the discrete Multi-Joint mechanism requires a certain number of degrees of freedom, which results in the complexities of mechanism and control necessarily. Compared with Multi-Joint, flexible tail is a better scheme due to continuum, robustness, and simpler control. Hence, this paper proposes a wire-driven elastic robotic fish with flexible tail, which simulates fish muscle through multi-wire drive and adopts a fishlike spine design based on elastic component. Due to these distinctive designs, our robotic fish not only realizes the compliant simulation of fishlike swimming gait, but also owns higher bionic degree. Further, the kinematics model and speed estimation model of the wire-driven elastic robotic fish are developed, and the error between the body wave and the desired fishlike swimming gait is further optimized so as to determine the appropriate parameters of central pattern generator. The results show that the optimized body wave of fishtail matches well with the desired fishlike swimming gait and the RMSE of the stable swimming speed between simulations and experiments is 0.045 m/s, which validates the proposed model and optimization method. Finally, the relationships between the frequency and swimming speed under small amplitude are explored, from which we find that amplitude has a greater impact on speed than frequency at high frequency, and the maximum swimming speed of about 0.54 m/s, i.e., 1.02 BL/s, is obtained.

关键词： Robotic fish Wire-driven mode Elastic component Kinematics model Body wave

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Investigating day-to-day route choices based on multi-scenario laboratory experiments, Part Ⅱ: Route-dependent attraction-based stochastic process model

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Communications in Transportation Research 2024年第1期4卷 92-107页

作者： Hang Qi Ning Ji Xiaobo Qu Zhengbing He Institute for Advanced Studies in Finance and Economics Hubei University of EconomicsWuhan430205 China Laboratory of Computation and Analytics of Complex Management Systems Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072 China Institute of Systems Engineering College of Management and EconomicsTianjin UniversityTianjin300072 China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and Mobility School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBejing100084 China Senseable City Lab Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

laboratory experiments are one of the important means used to investigate travel choice behavior under strategic *** experiment-based studies have shown that the Nash equilibrium can predict aggregated route choices,while the fluctuations,whose mechanisms are still unclear,continue to exist until the *** understand the fluctuations,this paper proposes a route-dependent attraction-based stochastic process model,which shares exactly the same behavioral foundation introduced in Part I of the study(Qi et al.,2023),i.e.,route-dependent inertia and route-dependent *** model predictions are carefully compared with the experimental observations obtained from the congestible parallel-route laboratory experiments containing 312 subjects and eight decision-making scenarios(Qi et al.,2023).The results show that the proposed stochastic process model can precisely reproduce the random oscillations both in terms of flow switching and route flow ***,an approximated model is developed to enhance the efficiency in evaluating the equilibrium distribution,providing a practical tool to evaluate the impacts of transportation policies in both long-and short-term *** the best of our knowledge,this paper is the first attempt to model and explain experimental phenomena by introducing stochastic process theories,as well as a successful example of applying experimental economics methodology to improve our understanding of human travel choice behavior.

关键词： Day-to-day dynamics Route choice behavior Markov process Stochastic process

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Invariant Extended Kalman Filtering for Tightly Coupled LiDAR-Inertial Odometry and Mapping

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IEEE-ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS 2023年第4期28卷 2213-2224页

作者： Shi, Pengcheng Zhu, Zhikai Sun, Shiying Zhao, Xiaoguang Tan, Min Chinese Acad Sci Inst Automat State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100049 Peoples R China NIO Inc Shanghai 201804 Peoples R China

In this article, we extend the invariant extended Kalman filter (EKF) to light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-inertial odometry and mapping systems using invariant observer design and the theory of Lie groups for directly fusing LiDAR and inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurements. We consider this from two different aspects and implement two independent systems. Specifically, we propose a robo-centric invariant EKF LiDAR-inertial odometry termed Inv-LIO1. Its mapping module is an ordinary used one and two modules run in separate threads. A world-centric invariant EKF LiDAR-inertial odometry termed Inv-LIO2 is designed and implemented, which has an integrated odometry and mapping architecture. In Inv-LIO1, the output of the filter is the pose estimated by the scan-to-scan match method, which serves as the initial estimate of the mapping module that refines the odometry and constructs a 3-D map. The robo-centric formulation represents that the state in a local frame shifted at every LiDAR time to prevent filter divergence. Inv-LIO2 directly fuses LiDAR feature points and IMU data to obtain the map-refined odometry by scan-to-map match method, followed by global map update. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments in various indoor and outdoor environments. Overall, Inv-LIO1 offers pure odometry with higher accuracy than other state-of-the-art systems, improving the overall performance. Inv-LIO2 achieves superior accuracy over other state-of-the-art systems in the map-refined odometry comparison.

关键词： Laser radar Feature extraction Simultaneous localization and mapping Robustness Point cloud compression Optimization Kalman filters Invariant extended kalman filter (EKF) light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-inertial odometry multisensor fusion localization state estimation

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DriveRP: RAG and Prompt Engineering Embodied Parallel Driving in Cyber-Physical-Social Spaces 4

DriveRP: RAG and Prompt Engineering Embodied Parallel Drivin...

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4th IEEE International Conference on Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence, DTPI 2024

作者： Huang, Jun Ma, Hao Zhang, Tengchao Lin, Fei Ma, Siji Wang, Xiao Wang, Fei-Yue Macau University of Science and Technology Faculty of Innovation Engineering China Anhui University School of Artificial Intelligence Hefei China Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350349252

In recent years, numerous technological advancements in Artificial Generative Intelligences (AGIs) have demonstrated significant potential to transform the intelligence acquisition mechanisms in connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs). Integrating technologies like ChatGPT into CAVs can enhance human-machine interactions. However, the emergence of such new traffic entities may introduce unforeseen hallucinations and complex risks that surpass our current understanding. To address these challenges, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and prompt engineering technologies are being explored to enhance the reliability and safety of autonomous driving systems. RAG retrieves relevant contextual information, such as driving experiences and real-time road network status, from external databases to ensure that foundation models have access to accurate and timely data for informed decision-making. Prompt engineering optimizes the performance of large language models in autonomous driving systems by designing and refining prompts that guide the models' responses, thereby improving their relevance and accuracy in various driving scenarios. Together, these technologies enhance the robustness and trustworthiness of autonomous driving systems. This paper proposes DriveRP, a framework that integrates RAG and prompt engineering within the Descriptive-Predictive-Prescriptive Intelligence framework of Parallel Driving theory. DriveRP aims to enhance the safety and interpretability of autonomous vehicle trajectory planning, decision-making, and motion control, ultimately achieving the "6S"goals. Grounded in Digital Twins and Metaverse-embodied parallel driving theory, DriveRP provides the infrastructure and foundational intelligence for parallel driving with Multi-modal Large Lange Models(MLLMs). Additionally, the paper discusses future trends and potential research directions, focusing on the "6S"goals of parallel driving: Smart, Safe, Secure, Sensitive, Sustainable, and Serviceable. © 2

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Platform governance in the era of AI and the digital economy

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Frontiers of Engineering management 2023年第1期10卷 177-182页

作者： Xiaolong ZHENG Gang ZHOU Daniel Dajun ZENG The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

1 Introduction Companies that supply online services such as Twitter,Weibo,and Taobao are known as platform companies(Gorwa,2019).Many top companies offer their services through platforms and use Internet technology to facilitate economic transactions,transmit information,connect people,and make predictions(Fenwick et al.,2019).Such platforms cover all areas of society,including politics(Gillespie,2017),labor relations,cultural production(Scholz,2016;van Doorn,2017),and consumption(Nieborg and Poell,2018).The rapid development of Internet technology has increased the influence of network *** platforms have changed the rules of global business operations and influenced the global political *** some high-profile negative events,calls for strengthening the regulation of online platforms and holding them accountable have been growing(Suzor,2019).

关键词： companies services operations

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Towards Better Generalization of Deep Neural Networks via Non-Typicality Sampling Scheme

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING systems 2023年第10期34卷 7910-7920页

作者： Peng, Xinyu Wang, Fei-Yue Li, Li Tsinghua Univ Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci State Key Lab Management & Control Complex Syst Inst Automat Beijing 100080 Peoples R China Tsinghua Univ Tsinghua Natl Lab Informat Sci & Technol Dept Automat Beijing 100084 Peoples R China

Improving the generalization performance of deep neural networks (DNNs) trained by minibatch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) has raised lots of concerns from deep learning practitioners. The standard simple random sampling (SRS) scheme used in minibatch SGD treats all training samples equally in gradient estimation. In this article, we study a new data selection method based on the intrinsic property of the training set to help DNNs have better generalization performance. Our theoretical analysis suggests that this new sampling scheme, called the nontypicality sampling scheme, boosts the generalization performance of DNNs through biasing the solution toward wider minima, under certain assumptions. We confirm our findings experimentally and show that more variants of minibatch SGD can also benefit from the new sampling scheme. Finally, we discuss an extension of the nontypicality sampling scheme that holds promise to enhance both generalization performance and convergence speed of minibatch SGD.

关键词： Training Estimation Deep learning Standards Optimization Noise measurement Convergence Deep learning generalization performance nontypicality sampling scheme stochastic gradient descent (SGD)

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