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controlling outsourced emissions matters for decarbonizing China's urban wastewater sector at all life-cycle stages

Cell Reports Sustainability 2025年第4期2卷

作者： Zhang, Linmei Liu, Beibei Chen, Bin Chen, Shaoqing School of Economics and Management Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China Zhejiang Academy of Eco-Civilization Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse School of Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China The Johns Hopkins University-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies Nanjing 210093 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University) Guangzhou 510275 China Institute of Carbon Neutrality and Green Development (Sun Yat-sen University) Guangzhou 510275 China

The climatic impact of the wastewater sector is significant given greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through the whole supply chain. However, there has been a lack of investigation into trade-related leakage and the drivers of GHG emissions associated with wastewater treatment. Here, we develop a system-based modeling framework to track the outsourcing of emissions across regions, quantifying key socioeconomic drivers across the life-cycle stages of wastewater treatment in China, covering over 6,000 treatment plants nationwide. We find that outsourced emissions constitute over 41% of the total carbon footprint of China's wastewater sector. Over 90% of wastewater-related embodied GHG emissions traced back to production in northern, northwestern, and northeastern China. Variations in carbon intensity, production structure, and final demand structure can play an important role in emission reduction amid construction, treatment, and reuse stages. Our findings highlight the importance of coordinating supply-chain emission mitigation among regions for a deep decarbonization of the wastewater sector. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： carbon footprint Chinese regions outsourcing of emissions socioeconomic drivers urban wastewater sector

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Salinity-oriented environmental flows for keystone species in the Modaomen Estuary, China

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地球科学前沿 2017年第4期11卷 670-681页

作者： Menglu ZHANG Baoshan CUI Zhiming ZHANG Xuelian JIANG State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Rapid development and urbanization in recent years have contributed to a reduction in freshwater discharge and intensified saltwater intrusion in the Pearl River *** comprises a significant threat to potable water supplies and overall estuary ecosystem *** this study,the environmental flows of the Modaomen Estuary,one of the estuaries of the Pearl River Delta in China,were determined based on the salinity demand of keystone species and the linear relationship between river discharge and estuarine *** estimated minimum and optimal annual environmental flows in the Modaomen Estuary were 116.8 × 109m3 and 273.8 × 109m3,respectively,representing 59.3％ and 139.0％ of the natural *** quality assessments in recent years indicate that the environmental flows have not been satisfied most of the time,particularly the optimal environmental flow,despite implementation of various water regulations since ***,water regulations and wetland network recoveries based on rational environmental flows should be implemented to alleviate saltwater intrusion and for the creation of an ideal estuarine habitat.

关键词： environmental flows keystone species Modaomen Estuary river discharge salinity

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Review on carbon storage estimation of forest ecosystem and applications in China

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 37-50页

作者： Wanlong Sun Xuehua Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control and School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Background:The accuracy in estimating forest ecosystem carbon storage has drawn extensive attention of researchers in the field of global climate ***,incomparable data sources and various estimation methods have led to significant differences in the estimation of forest carbon storage at large ***:In this study,we reviewed fundamental types of forest carbon storage estimation methods and their applications in ***:Results showed that the major forest carbon storage estimation methods were classified into 3 major categories and 15 subcategories focusing on vegetation carbon storage estimation,soil carbon storage estimation,and litter carbon storage estimation,*** application in China showed that there have been 3 development stages of research in China since the *** of forest carbon storage estimation in province scales were conducted more frequently in the northeastern,eastern and southwestern provinces such as Zhejiang,Heilongjiang and Sichuan with high forest coverage or large forest ***-based methods,soil type method,and biomass model were the main forest estimation methods used in China,focusing on vegetation,soil and litter carbon storage estimation *** forest carbon storage of China was approximate 28.90 Pg C,and the average vegetation carbon density(42.04±5.39 Mg·ha?1)was much lower than that of the whole world(71.60 Mg·ha?1).Vegetation carbon density from average biomass method was the highest(57.07 Mg·ha?1)through comparing nine types of vegetation carbon storage estimation methods applied during 1989 to ***:Many studies on forest carbon storages have been carried out in China at patch scales or regional *** efforts enabled the research of forest carbon storage to reach a relatively advanced ***,the accumulation of massive research data provides the basis for subsequent research *** challenges are also *** review could provide a

关键词： Forest ecosystem Forest carbon storage estimation Carbon storage China

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Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of Legionella

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 173-183页

作者： Menghao Chen Liangliang Shi Gang Liu Xiaojin Wu Yun Lu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk ControlSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Reclaimed water utilization provides an effective way to alleviate water ***,the residual pathogens in the recycled water like Legionella,could be spread into the air as aerosols through water-to-air transmission *** the aerosols by the people nearby increases their susceptibility to *** estimating the health risks associated with the potential exposure of airborne Legionella emitted from the urban use of reclaimed water in China,nationwide questionnaire was designed to investigate the exposure habits of Chinese population in different *** microbial risk assessment(QMRA)served as the suitable explanatory tool to estimate the *** results indicated that annual infection probability of populations exposed to Legionella for three scenarios,0.0764(95%CI:0.0032−0.6880)for road cleaning,1.0000(95%CI:0.1883−1.0000)for greenfield irrigation,0.9981(95%CI:0.0784−1.0000)for landscape fountain,were markedly higher than the threshold recommended by WHO(10^(−4) per person per year(pppy))according to the concentration distribution of Legionella in the reclaimed *** age-,educational background-,region-and gender-specific data in annual infection probability also showed different tendencies for some *** study provides some detailed information on the health risks from the water reuse in China and will be useful to promote the safe application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas.

关键词： Legionella QMRA Reclaimed water Aerosol Water reuse

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Discovery of emerging organic pollutants in the atmosphere through an omics approach

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 71-81页

作者： Zhen Cheng Xinghua Qiu Xiaodi Shi Xing Jiang Tong Zhu State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Ambient air pollution,containing numerous known and hitherto unknown compounds,is a major risk factor for public *** discovery of harmful components is the prerequisite for pollution control;however,this raises a great challenge on recognizing previously unknown *** we systematically review the analytical techniques on air pollution in the framework of an omics approach,with a brief introduction on sample preparation and analysis,and in more detail,compounds prioritization and *** high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS,typically coupled with chromatography),the complicated environmental matrix can be digitalized into“fullcomponent”data.A key step to discover emerging compounds is the prioritization of compounds from massive *** fingerprints,suspect lists and biological effects are the most vital untargeted strategies for comprehensively screening critical and hazardous ***,compressed data of compounds can be identified at various confidence levels according to exact mass and the derived molecular formula,MS libraries,and authentic *** an omics approach on full-component data provides a paradigm for discovering emerging air pollutants;nonetheless,new technological advancements of instruments and databases are warranted for further tracking the environmental behaviors,hence to evaluate the health risk of key pollutants.

关键词： Air pollution Emerging pollutants Full-component High-resolution mass spectrometry Omics approach

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Indoor carbonyl compounds in an academic building in Beijing, China： concentrations and influencing factors

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 184-194页

作者： Chuanjia JIANG Pengyi ZHANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Carbonyl compounds in indoor air are of great concern for their adverse health effects. Between February and May, 2009, concentrations of 13 carbonyl compounds were measured in an academic building in Beijing, China. Total concentration of the detected carbonyls ranged from 20.7 to 189.1 ***.m3, and among them acetone and formaldehyde were the most abundant, with mean concentrations of 26.4 and 22.6gg.m-3, respectively. Average indoor concentrations of other carbonyls were below I 0 gg. m^3. Principal component analysis identified a combined effect of common indoor carbonyl sources and ventilation on indoor carbonyl levels. Diurnal variations of the carbonyl compounds were investigated in one office room, and carbonyl concentrations tended to be lower in the daytime than at night, due to enhanced ventilation. Average concentrations of carbonyl compounds in the office room were generally higher in early May than in late February, indicating the influence of temperature. Carbo- nyl source emission rates from both the room and human occupants were estimated during two lectures, based on one-compartment mass balance model. The influence of human occupants on indoor carbonyl concentrations varies with environmental conditions, and may become signifi- cant in the case of a large human occupancy.

关键词： carbonyl compounds indoor air ventilation,human occupancy source emission rate （SER） principalcomponent analysis （PCA）

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Determination of Henry's Law constant for methyl hydroperoxide by long path FTIR

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自然科学进展(英文版) 2004年第9期14卷 765-769页

作者： LI Shuang CHEN Zhongming SHI Fei The State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Methyl hydroperoxide (MHP, CH3OOH) is one of the main organic peroxides in the atmosphere. In order to understand how MHP partitions in atmospheric gas and liquid phases, the Henry's Law constant for its aqueous solution is determined. A novel technique is established for measuring gas-phase MHP concentration, I.e. The gas phase is collected by a gas-bag and then analyzed by long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. At 283 K～303 K, the temperature dependence of the Henry's Law constant for MHP can be expressed as lnKH= a/T - b, a = 4386 ± 140, b = 9.19 ± 0.48, where KH is in unit of molar concentration per atm,and T is in degrees Kelvin. The standard heat of solution is 36.45 ± 1.16 kJ· K- 1· mol-1.

关键词： Henry's Law constant methyl hydroperoxide atmosphere FTIR

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Adsorption behavior of antibiotic in soil environment： a critical review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 565-574页

作者： Shiliang WANG Hui WANG State Key Joint Laboratory on Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Antibiotics are used widely in human and veterinary medicine, and are ubiquitous in environment matrices worldwide. Due to their consumption, excretion, and persistence, antibiotics are disseminated mostly via direct and indirect emissions such as excrements, sewage irrigation, and sludge compost and enter the soil and impact negatively the natural ecosystem of soil. Most antibiotics are amphiphilic or amphoteric and ionize. A non-polar core combined with polar functional moieties makes up numerous antibiotic molecules. Because of various molecule structures, physicochemical properties vary widely among antibiotic compounds. Sorption is an important process for the environment behaviors and fate of antibiotics in soil environment. The adsorption process has decisive role for the environmental behaviors and the ultimate fates of antibiotics in soil. Multiply physicochem- ical properties of antibiotics induce the large variations of their adsorption behaviors. In addition, factors of soil environment such as the pH, ionic strength, metal ions, and organic matter content also strongly impact the adsorption processes of antibiotics. Review about adsorption of antibiotics on soil can provide a fresh insight into understanding the antibiotic-soil interactions. Therefore, literatures about the adsorption mechanisms of antibiotics in soil environment and the effects of environment factors on adsorption behaviors of antibiotics in soil are reviewed and discussed systematically in this review.

关键词： adsorption antibiotics environment factors,soil

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Omitted variable bias in single-pollutant epidemiological models for estimating long-term health effects of ambient fine particulate matter and ozone

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Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年 494卷 138590页

作者： Xue, Tao Deng, Jianyu Ni, Xueqiu Kang, Ning Tong, Mingkun Li, Pengfei School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Centre Beijing100191 China Advanced Institute of Information Technology Peking University Hangzhou311215 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Medical Technology Peking University Health Science Centre Beijing100191 China

Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and O3 is linked to various adverse health outcomes. However, many epidemiological studies on their health effects use single-pollutant models, leading to omitted variable bias (OVB). The percent bias, based on the classical OVB formula, depends on the PM2.5-O3 correlation and unobservable true effects. Data were sourced from two recent meta-analyses of the log-linear link between all-cause mortality and per-unit exposure to PM2.5 or O3. We then developed a new meta-regression method to correct biases, and its performance was verified through simulation. The OVB for PM2.5 or O3 can vary greatly from positive to negative across different spatial scales (like country, sub-national region, or city). By applying this method to 24 individual estimates, we found that a 10 μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 was linked to a 7.4 % increase in all-cause mortality risk, while O3’s association with all-cause mortality was not significant, which implies that PM2.5 must be considered in epidemiological analyses to obtain reliable effect estimates for O3. Our findings offer novel methodologies for the systematic assessment of the health effects of multiple pollutants. This contribution holds significant potential in fortifying health intervention strategies and minimizing the health risks posed by air pollution to the public. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Air quality

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Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils of China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第5期8卷 693-702页

作者： Kun DING Xianghua WEN Liang CHEN Daishi HUANG Fan FEI Yuyang LI Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

As low oxygen and high ultraviolet （UV） exposure might significantly affect the microbial existence in plateau, it could lead to a specialized microbial community. To determine the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea （AOA） in agricultural soil of plateau, seven soil samples were collected respectively from farmlands in Tibet and Yunnan cultivating the wheat, highland-barley, and colza, which are located at altitudes of 3200-3800 m above sea level. Quantitative PCR （q-PCR） and clone library targeting on amoA gene were used to quantify the abundances of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB）, and characterize the community structures of AOA in the samples. The number of AOA cells （9.34 × 10^7-2.32× 10^8 g^-1 soil） was 3.86-21.84 times greater than that of AOB cells （6.91 × 10^6-1.24 × 10^8 g^-1 soil） in most of the samples, except a soil sample cultivating highland- barley with an AOA/AOB ratio of 0.90. Based Kendall＇s correlation coefficient, no remarkable correlation between AOA abundance and the environmental factor was observed. Additionally, the diversities of AOA community were affected by total nitrogen and organic matter concentration in soils, suggesting that AOA was probably sensitive to several environmental factors, and could adjust its community structure to adapt to the environmental variation while maintaining its abundance.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria quantitative PCR clone library plateau

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