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In-situ combined dual-layer CNT/PVDF membrane for electrically-enhanced fouling resistance

Journal of Membrane Science 2015年 491卷 37-44页

作者： Shu Wang Shuai Liang Peng Liang Xiaoyuan Zhang Jianyu Sun Shijia Wu Xia Huang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

Electrically conductive membrane possesses a remarkable performance in antifouling with the assistance of applied external electric fields. However, its widespread application is hampered due to the poor properties of existing conductive membranes, such as low conductivity and inadequate strength. The present study demonstrates a novel in-situ combination approach for the fabrication of a highly conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. During membrane fabrication, the casting solution film was pre-mantled with a CNT layer before the occurrence of polymer precipitation, thereby ensuring a natural and tight in-situ mergence between the CNT layer and supporting PVDF. The obtained CNT/PVDF membrane was characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and filtration performance. An electrically-enhanced cross-flow filtration system was devised to evaluate the antifouling performance of the pristine PVDF and CNT/PVDF membranes. Compared with the pristine PVDF membrane, the CNT/PVDF membrane possesses a greater electrical conductivity and a higher permeability. The incorporation of the CNT layer led to a completely different surface composition in terms of elemental components and functional groups. Being used as a cathode, the CNT/PVDF membrane exhibited a remarkable antifouling performance in the presence of external electric fields, and performed better in a 0 V/2 V-pulsed mode as compared with a 2 V-constant mode. This in-situ combination method provides a simple and practical approach for the fabrication of composite conductive membranes, suggesting promising applications in various membrane-fabrication areas.

关键词： Conductive membrane PVDF Carbon nanotubes (CNT) In-situ combination Antifouling

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Energetic analysis of gasification of biomass by partial oxidation in supercritical water

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第1期23卷 205-212页

作者：关清卿韦朝海柴欣生宁平田森林谷俊杰陈秋玲庙荣荣 Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters College of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering South China University of Technology

Partial oxidation gasification in supercritical water could produce fuel gases(such as H2, CO and CH4) and significantly reduce the energy consumption. In this work, an energetic model was developed to analyze the partial oxidative gasification of biomass(glucose and lignin) in supercritical water and the related key factors on which gasification under autothermal condition depended upon. The results indicated that the oxidant equivalent ratio(ER) should be over 0.3 as the concern about energy balance but less than 0.6 as the concern about fuel gas production. Feedstocks such as glucose and lignin also had different energy recovery efficiency. For materials which can be efficiently gasified, the partial oxidation might be a way for energy based on the combustion of fuel gases. Aromatic materials such as lignin and coal are more potential since partial oxidation could produce similar amount of fuel gases as direct gasification and offer additional energy. Energy recovered pays a key role to achieve an autothermal process. Keeping heat exchanger efficiency above 80% and heat transfer coefficient below15 k J·s-1is necessary to maintain the autothermal status. The results also indicated that the biomass loading should be above 15% but under 20% for an autothermal gasification, since the increase of biomass loading could improve the energy supplied but decrease the efficiency of gasification and gaseous yields. In general,some specific conditions exist among different materials.

关键词： Autothermal Gasification Supercritical water Biomass Energetic model

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Electro-peroxone degradation of diethyl phthalate: Cathode selection, operational parameters, and degradation mechanisms

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Journal of hazardous materials 2016年 319卷 61-8页

作者： Meifang Hou Yaofei Chu Xiang Li Huijiao Wang Weikun Yao Gang Yu Seiichi Murayama Yujue Wang School of Ecological Technology and Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China. School of Ecological Technology and Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology Shanghai 201418 China School of Environment Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. School of Environment Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Power and Industrial Systems R&D Center Toshiba Corporation Fuchu-shi Tokyo Japan. School of Environment Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Electronic address: wangyujue@***.

This study compares the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) by the electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) process with three different carbon-based cathodes, namely, carbon-polytetrafluorethylene (carbon-PTFE), carbon felt, and reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). Results show that the three cathodes had different electrocatalytic activity for converting sparged O2 to H2O2, which increased in order of carbon felt, RVC, and carbon-PTFE. The in-situ generated H2O2 then reacts with sparged O3 to yield OH, which can in turn oxidize ozone-refractory DEP toward complete mineralization. In general, satisfactory total organic carbon removal yields (76.4-91.8%) could be obtained after 60min of the E-peroxone treatment with the three carbon-based cathodes, and the highest yield was obtained with the carbon-PTFE cathode due to its highest activity for H2O2 generation. In addition, the carbon-PTFE and carbon felt cathodes exhibited excellent stability over six cycles of the E-peroxone treatment of DEP solutions. Based on the intermediates (e.g., monoethyl phthalate, phthalic acid, phenolics, and carboxylic acids) identified by HPLC-UV, plausible reaction pathways were proposed for DEP mineralization by the E-peroxone process. The results of this study indicate that carbon-based cathodes generally have good electrocatalytic activity and stability for application in extended E-peroxone operations to effectively remove phthalates from water.

关键词： Electrocatalytic ozonation Electrode Hydrogen peroxide Ozone Phthalates

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environmental applications and implications of nanotechnologies

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第5期9卷 745-745页

作者： Dongye ZHAO Shubo DENG Environmental Engineering Program Department of Civil Engineering Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC) School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Since the launch of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative （NNI） in 2000, research and development in nanotechnology innovation has come a long way worldwide. Based on the Web of Science database, the total SCI- indexed papers surged from 971 in 2000 to 13, 546 in 2014, and the momentum remains strong. One of the most active and productive research fields has been environmental applications and implications of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies. environmental nanotechnologies have shown great potential to fundamentally change the conventional practices in environmental cleanup. While the development of innovative cleanup technologies continues to evolve, our understanding of the environmental implications/impacts associated with the booming applications of nanotechnologies in various fields has also deepened. The objectives of this special issue were to： 1） promote exchanges of ideas and information on the latest development of environmental nanotechnologies, 2） facilitate development of more cost-effective and ＂greener＂ cleanup technologies based on innovative nanomaterials and nanotechnologies, 3） address limitation and potential environmental impacts of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials, and 4） identify major knowledge gaps and research directions.

关键词： environmental applications implications

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A NEW METHOD TO REMOVE PENTACHLOROPHENOL CATALYTICALLY IN WASTEWATER BY IMMOBILIZED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE

A NEW METHOD TO REMOVE PENTACHLOROPHENOL CATALYTICALLY IN WA...

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第四届环境模拟与污染控制国际学术研讨会

作者： Z.H.ZHAI S.L.WANG B.Y.ZHANG J.B.ZHANG Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Science and Engineering Peking University School of Public Health Peking University

*** Pentachlorophenol(PCP)is a kind of phenol compounds with high *** is widely used for the preservation of schistosomiasis and wood rot(USEPA,1997).However,as an endocrine-disrupting chemical and persistent organic ... 详细信息

关键词： HRP PCP A NEW METHOD TO REMOVE PENTACHLOROPHENOL CATALYTICALLY IN WASTEWATER BY IMMOBILIZED HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE

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Effect of different molecular weight organic components on the increase of microbial growth potential of secondary effluent by ozonation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2190-2197页

作者： Xin Zhao Hong-Ying Hu Tong Yu Chang Su Haochi Jiang Shuming Liu Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control Graduate School at Shenzhen Tsinghua University College of Environment and Resources Inner Mongolia University

Ozonation has been widely applied in advanced wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of ozonation on assimilable organic carbon （AOC） levels in secondary effluents was investigated, and AOC variation of different molecular weight （MW） organic components was analyzed. Although the removal efflciencies were 47%-76% and 94%-100% for UV2s4 and color at ozone dosage of 10 mg/L, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） in secondary effluents was hardly removed by ozonation. The AOC levels increased by 70%-780% at an ozone dosage range of 1-10 mg/L. AOC increased significantly in the instantaneous ozone demand phase, and the increase in AOC was correlated to the decrease in UV254 during ozonation. The results of MW distribution showed that, ozonation led to the transformation of larger molecules into smaller ones, but the increase in low MW （〈1 kDa） fraction did not contribute much to AOC production. The change of high MW （〉100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） fractions itself during ozonation was the main reason for the increase of AOC levels. Furthermore, the oxidation of organic matters with high MWs （〉 100 kDa and 10-100 kDa） resulted in more AOC production than those with low MWs （1-10 kDa and 〈1 kDa）. The results indicated that removing large molecules in secondary effluents could limit the increase of AOC during ozonation.

关键词： Wastewater reclamation and reuse Ozonation Assimilable organic carbon （AOC）Molecular weight distribution Biological stability

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Bacterial regrowth in water reclamation and distribution systems revealed by viable bacterial detection assays

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Chemosphere 2016年 144卷 2165-74页

作者： Yi-wen Lin Dan Li April Z Gu Si-yu Zeng Miao He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China. Electronic address: lidanfudan@***. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Electronic address: hemiao@***.

Microbial regrowth needs to be managed during water reclamation and distribution. The aim of present study was to investigate the removal and regrowth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella in water reclamation and distribution system by using membrane integrity assay (PMA-qPCR), reverse transcriptional activity assay (Q-RT-PCR) and culture-based assay, and also to evaluate the relationships among bacterial regrowth, and environmental factors in the distribution system. The results showed that most of the water reclamation processes potentially induced bacteria into VBNC state. The culturable E. coli and Salmonella regrew 1.8 and 0.7 log10 in distribution system, which included reactivation of bacteria in the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and reproduction of culturable bacteria. The regrowth of culturable E. coli and Salmonella in the distribution system mainly depended on the residual chlorine levels, with correlations (R(2)) of -0.598 and -0.660. The abundances of membrane integrity and reverse transcriptional activity bacteria in reclamation effluents had significant correlations with the culturable bacteria at the end point of the distribution system, demonstrating that PMA-qPCR and Q-RT-PCR are sensitive and accurate tools to determine and predict bacterial regrowth in water distribution systems. This study has improved our understanding of microbial removal and regrowth in reclaimed water treatment and distribution systems. And the results also recommended that more processes should be equipped to remove viable bacteria in water reclamation plants for the sake of inhibition microbial regrowth during water distribution and usages.

关键词： PMA-qPCR assay Q-RT-PCR assay Regrowth Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria Water reclamation and distribution system

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Hydrodynamic optimization of membrane bioreactor by horizontal geometry modification using computational fluid dynamics

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Bioresource technology 2016年 200卷 328-34页

作者： Xiaoxu Yan Qing Wu Jianyu Sun Peng Liang Xiaoyuan Zhang Kang Xiao Xia Huang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. College of Resource and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control THU-Beijing Origin Water Joint Research Center for Environmental Membrane Technology School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Electronic address: xhuang@***.

Geometry property would affect the hydrodynamics of membrane bioreactor (MBR), which was directly related to membrane fouling rate. The simulation of a bench-scale MBR by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) showed that the shear stress on membrane surface could be elevated by 74% if the membrane was sandwiched between two baffles (baffled MBR), compared with that without baffles (unbaffled MBR). The effects of horizontal geometry characteristics of a bench-scale membrane tank were discussed (riser length index Lr, downcomer length index Ld, tank width index Wt). simulation results indicated that the average cross flow of the riser was negatively correlated to the ratio of riser and downcomer cross-sectional area. A relatively small tank width would also be preferable in promoting shear stress on membrane surface. The optimized MBR had a shear elevation of 21.3-91.4% compared with unbaffled MBR under same aeration intensity.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics Geometry optimization Hydrodynamics Membrane bioreactor Membrane surface shear

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A primary estimate of global PCDD/F release based on the quantity and quality of national economic and social activities

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Chemosphere 2016年 151卷 303-9页

作者： Bin Wang Heidelore Fiedler Jun Huang Shubo Deng Yujue Wang Gang Yu Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Electronic address: thuwb@***. Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre (MTM Research Centre) Örebro University SE-70182 Örebro Sweden. Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Organic Contaminants State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.

The correlations between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) releases and factors relevant to human social-economic activities (HSEAs) were analyzed. The multiple linear regression model was successfully developed to estimate the total global PCDD/F release. The PCDD/F releases significantly correlated with population, area, GDP and GNI, suggesting that "quantity" of HSEAs have significantly contributed to the PCDD/F releases. On another aspect, advanced technologies are usually adopted in developed countries/regions, and hence reduce the PCDD/F release. The significant correlation between PCDD/F release and CO2 emission implies the potential of simultaneous reduction of CO2 emission and PCDD/F release. The total global PCDD/F release from 196 countries/regions was estimated to be 100.4 kg-TEQ yr(-1). The estimated annual PCDD/F release per unit area ranged from 0.007 to 28 mg-TEQ km(-2). Asia is estimated to have the highest PCDD/F release of 47.1 kg-TEQ yr(-1), almost half of the total world release. Oceania is estimated to have the smallest total release but the largest per-capita release. For the developed areas, such as Europe and North America, the PCDD/F release per unit GDP is lower, while for Africa, it is much higher.

关键词： Human activity Inventory PCDD/F Principal component analysis

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Estimated HCFC-142b emissions in China: 2000–2050

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第24期59卷 3046-3053页

作者： Jiarui Han Li Li Shenshen Su Jing Wu Xuekun Fang Shenglan Jia Jianbo Zhang Jianxin Hu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane(HCFC-142b)was both ozone depleting substance under restriction of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer(Montreal Protocol)and potent greenhouse gas with high *** its emissions in China will contribute to both mitigating climate change and protecting ozone.A national emission inventory of HCFC-142b for China during 2000–2012 was established and projected to2050 based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Montreal Protocol,showing that(i)in contrast to the downward trend revealed by existing researches,HCFC-142b emissions kept increasing from 0.1 kt/y in 2000 to the peak of 14.4 kt/y in2012,making China a crucial contributor to global HCFC-142b emissions and(ii)for future emission projections,a continuous increase from 14.9 kt/y in 2013 to 97.2 kt/y in2050 was anticipated under the business-as-usual(BAU)scenarios,while a reduction of about 90%of the projected BAU emissions would be obtained by fulfilling the Montreal Protocol,namely an accumulative mitigation of 1578kt HCFC-142b from 2013 to 2050,equal to 103 kt ODP and 3504 Tg *** from each province in 2012 were also estimated to identify key emission *** the 31 mainland provinces in China(Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan were not included),Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shandong,and Guangdong had the highest emission ratesin 2012(2.06,1.85,1.52,and 1.04 kt/y,respectively);Zhejiang,Jiangsu,and Shanghai exhibit the strongest emission strength(0.83,0.59,and 0.54 t/km2,respectively),much higher than the average national level of 0.33t/km2.

关键词：二氧化碳排放量中国大陆蒙特利尔议定书消耗臭氧层物质估计温室气体排放清单保护臭氧层

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