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Source apportionment and secondary organic aerosol estimation of PM_(2.5) in an urban atmosphere in China

Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第4期57卷 1352-1362页

作者： HUANG XiaoFeng YUN Hui GONG ZhaoHeng LI Xiang HE LingYan ZHANG YuanHang HU Min Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

PM2.5 is the key pollutant in atmospheric pollution in *** new national air quality standards taking effect,PM2.5 has become a major issue for future pollution *** effectively prevent and control PM2.5,its emission sources must be precisely and thoroughly ***,there are few publications reporting comprehensive and systematic results of PM2.5 source apportionment in the *** on PM2.5 sampling during 2009 in Shenzhen and follow-up investigation,positive matrix factorization(PMF)analysis has been carried out to understand the major sources and their temporal and spatial *** results show that in urban Shenzhen(University Town site),annual mean PM2.5 concentration was 42.2μg m?3,with secondary sulfate,vehicular emission,biomass burning and secondary nitrate as major sources;these contributed30.0%,26.9%,9.8%and 9.3%to total PM2.5,*** sources included high chloride,heavy oil combustion,sea salt,dust and the metallurgical industry,with contributions between 2%–4%.Spatiotemporal variations of various sources show that vehicular emission was mainly a local source,whereas secondary sulfate and biomass burning were mostly *** nitrate had both local and regional *** of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)has always been difficult in aerosol source *** this study,the PMF model and organic carbon/elemental carbon(OC/EC)ratio method were combined to estimate SOA in *** results show that in urban Shenzhen,annual SOA mass concentration was 7.5μg m?3,accounting for 57%of total organic matter,with precursors emitted from vehicles as the major *** work can serve as a case study for further in-depth research on PM2.5 pollution and source apportionment in China.

关键词： PM2.5 source apportionment secondary organic aerosol（SOA）

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Enhanced sludge dewatering performance by A novel bioflocculant conditioning

Enhanced sludge dewatering performance by A novel biofloccul...

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2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy and environmental Technology, REET 2013

作者： Liu, Jie Wei Ma, Jun Wei Liu, Yan Zhong Yang, Ya State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037859124

The characterization and use in sludge dewatering of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae was investigated. The purified M-C11 was composed of 91.20% sugar, 4.61% protein and 3.91% nucleic acids (w/w). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of purified M-C11 confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, methoxyl and amino groups. The sludge resistance to filtration (SRF) decreased remarkably from 11.64×1012 m/kg to 4.66×1012 m/kg under the optimum conditions (pH=6, 3 mL bioflocculant and 4 mL CaCl2 dosage), after being conditioned with bioflocculant M-C11, which was more efficient than inorganic flocculants. Results showed that M-C11 could serve as a substitute for chemical conditioners and a promising alternative to the sludge treatment industries. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Nucleic acids

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What is the primary cause of the observed widespread increases in precipitation intensity

What is the primary cause of the observed widespread increas...

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2015中国科协海峡两岸青年科学家学术活动月两岸环保高层专家论坛

作者： Run Liu Shaw C.Liu Ralph J.Cicerone C.J.Shiu Jun Li Jingli Wang Yuanhang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmenta Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Department of Atmospheric S National Academy of Sciences Washington DC 20001 USA and also at Earth System Science University Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Institute of Urban Meteorology of China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089

Significant increases in precipitation intensity, as a result of increases of heavy precipitation and/or decreases of light precipitation have been observed over widespread regions of the *** wanning and effects of anthropogenic aerosols have been proposed as possible causes of these *** this work we identify the primary cause of the increases in precipitation intensity by contrasting observed characteristics of precipitation in the tropical 10°S-10°N oceanic region to those at higher latitudes (5°N-20°N, 20°N-45°N land area) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) for 1979-2007, and a polluted region in eastern China (1955-2011).Significant increases in heavy precipitation and/or decreases in light precipitation with net increases in precipitation intensity are found in all regions examined, while amounts of total precipitation show relative small or negligible *** of these changes suggest that global warming rather than aerosol effects is the primary cause of the changes.

关键词： Extreme precipitation global warming aerosols risk of floods and droughts

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Distribution patterns of brominated, chlorinated, and phosphorus flame retardants with particle size in indoor and outdoor dust and implications for human exposure

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environmental Science and Technology 2014年第15期48卷 8839-8846页

作者： Cao, Zhiguo Xu, Fuchao Covaci, Adrian Wu, Min Wang, Haizhu Yu, Gang Wang, Bin Deng, Shubo Huang, Jun Wang, Xiaoyan State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Toxicological Centre University of Antwerp 2610 Wilrijk Belgium Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Research Institute Beijing 100028 China

Dust samples were collected in Beijing, China, from four different indoor microenvironments (office, hotel, kindergarten, and student dormitory) and one outdoor (road dust) microenvironment. These five composite samples were fractionated into 13 sequential size fractions and an individual fraction of -1), dormitory dust (14 200 ng g-1), and kindergarten dust (231 ng g-1), respectively. Nevertheless, nine polybrominated diphenyl ethers (σPBDEs) were the dominant flame retardants (FRs) (96% of total FRs) in road dust, with the maximum concentration of 23 700 ng g-1, higher than in any indoor dust. The FR contamination varied strongly among different types of microenvironments, leading to high human exposure to various FRs. Concentrations of FRs did not increase constantly with a particle size decrease. Fractions with a particle size around 900, 100, and 10 μm could represent peak values, while valley values were commonly detected around fractions with a particle size around 40 μm. Large differences were found between indoor dust and road dust. In road dust, FRs were mainly enriched in fractions of

关键词： Flame retardants

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Reply to Boucher et al.: Rate and timescale of black carbon aging regulate direct radiative forcing

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United states of America 2016年第35期113卷 E5094-5页

作者： Renyi Zhang Jianfei Peng Yuan Wang Min Hu Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China renyi-zhang@tamu.edu minhu@***. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125.

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Organosulfate Formation through the Heterogeneous Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Long‐Chain Alkenes

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Angewandte Chemie 2016年第35期128卷

作者： Monica Passananti Lingdong Kong Jing Shang Yoan Dupart Sébastien Perrier Jianmin Chen D. James Donaldson Christian George IRCELYON Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS UMR 5256 2 avenue Albert Einstein 69626 Villeurbanne France Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 P.R. China Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto ON M5S 3H6 Canada

The heterogeneous reaction between SO 2 and unsaturated compounds results in the efficient production of organosulfates for several fatty acids and long‐chain alkenes. The presence of an acid group, the physical state of the reactants (solid or liquid), the nature of the double bond ( cis , trans , terminal), and the use of light irradiation all have an impact on the reaction rate. The reaction was investigated using different set‐ups (coated flow tube, aerosol flow tube, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform cell). The reaction products were identified by high‐resolution mass spectrometry and the impact of this reaction on organosulfate formation in the atmosphere is discussed.

关键词： Aerosole Alkene Atmosphärenchemie Organosulfate Schwefeldioxid

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Bioreduction of Precious Metals by Microorganism: Efficient Gold@N‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

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Angewandte Chemie 2016年第29期128卷

作者： Weijia Zhou Tanli Xiong Chaohong Shi Jian Zhou Kai Zhou Nengwu Zhu Ligui Li Zhenghua Tang Shaowei Chen School of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 China Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control Environmental Protection Key Lab of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of Education South China University of Technology Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre Guangzhou 510006 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210093 China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA

The uptake of precious metals from electronic waste is of environmental significance and potential commercial value. A facile bioreductive synthesis is described for Au nanoparticles (ca. 20 nm) supported on N‐doped carbon (Au@NC), which was derived from Au/ Pycnoporus sanguineus cells. The interface and charge transport between Au and N‐doped carbon were confirmed by HRTEM and XPS. Au@NC was employed as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), exhibiting a small onset potential of −54.1 mV (vs. RHE), a Tafel slope of 76.8 mV dec −1 , as well as robust stability in acidic medium. Au@NC is a multifunctional electrocatalyst, which demonstrates high catalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as evidenced by an onset potential of +0.97 V, excellent tolerance toward methanol, and long‐term stability. This work exemplifies dual recovery of precious Au and fabrication of multifunctional electrocatalysts in an environmentally benign and application‐oriented manner.

关键词： Biosynthese Elektronentransfer Katalysatorrecycling Kern-Schale-Strukturen Wasserstoffentwicklung

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Haloacetic acids in swimming pool and spa water in the United states and China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第6期8卷 820-824页

作者： Xiaomao WANG Garcia Leal M I Xiaolu ZHANG Hongwei YANG Yuefeng XIE School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Chemical Engineering University of Cantabria Avenida de los Castros s/n 39005 Santander Cantabria Spain Environmental Engineering Program The Pennsylvania State University 777 West Harrisburg Pike Middletown PA 17057 USA

The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of haloacetic acids （HAAs）, a group of disinfection byproducts, in swimming pool and spa water. The samples were collected from six indoor pools, six outdoor pools and three spas in Pennsylvania, the United states, and from five outdoor pools and nine indoor pools in Beijing, China. Five HAAs （HAA5）, including monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid, and dibromoacetic acid were analyzed. Total chlorine, pH and total organic carbon concentration were analyzed as well. Results indicated that the levels of HAA5 in swimming pools and spas in the United states ranged from 70 to 3980μg·L^-1, with an arithmetic average at 1440μg·L^-1 and a median level at 1150μg·L^-1. These levels are much higher than the levels reported in chlorinated drinking water and are likely due to organic matters released from swimmers＇ bodies. The levels of HAA5 in swimming pools in China ranged from 13 to 332μg·L^-1, with an arithmetic average at 117μg·L^-1 and a median level at 114μg·L^-1. The lower HAA levels in swimming pools in China were due to the lower chlorine residuals. Results from this study can help water professionals to better understand the formation and stability of HAAs in chlorinated water and assess risks associated with exposures to HAAs in swimming pools and spas.

关键词： chlorination disinfection byproduct haloacetic acid swimming pool trihalomethane

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Erratum to: On secondary new particle formation in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 10页

作者： Markku Kulmala Tuukka Petäjä Veli-Matti Kerminen Joni Kujansuu Taina Ruuskanen Aijun Ding Wei Nie Min Hu Zhibin Wang Zhijun Wu Lin Wang Douglas R. Worsnop University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences (JirLATEST) Nanjing University and University of Helsinki Nanjing China Institute for Climate and Global Change Research Nanjing University Nanjing China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Max Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Aerodyne Research Inc. Billerica USA

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Erratum to: Biodegradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHsc) with plant and nutrients and their effects on the microbial ecological kinetics

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Microbial ecology 2015年第3期69卷 721-2页

作者： Guangdong Sun Xu Zhang Qing Hu Heqing Zhang Dayi Zhang Guanghe Li State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China sungd11@***.

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