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Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 53-63页

作者： Mengyu Zhang Jiane Zuo Xin Yu Xuchuan Shi Lei Chen Zaixing Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） are thought to be a ＂seedbed＂ and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria（GNOPB） were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were *** than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance（MAR） index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.

关键词： Multi-antibiotic resistance Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Bioaerosols Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants

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Biogenic Isoprene Emission Mechanism from ^(13)CO_2 Exposure Experiments

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第9期13卷 897-900页

作者： Min SHAO state Joint key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, Center for environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Biogenic isoprene emissions have been believed to be from only photosynthesis processes in plant. However nocturnal isoprene emission from pine is detected. And by feeding 13CO2 to plants, it is found that both photos... 详细信息

关键词： Emissions volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 13C labeling isoprene.

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Impact of disinfection on drinking water biofilm bacterial community

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 200-205页

作者： Zilong Mi Yu Dai Shuguang Xie Chao Chen Xiaojian Zhang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) Tsinghua University School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Disinfectants are commonly applied to control the growth of microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems. However, the effect of disinfection on drinking water microbial community remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the impacts of different disinfectants（chlorine and chloramine） and dosages on biofilm bacterial community in bench-scale pipe section reactors. Illumina MiS eq sequencing illustrated that disinfection strategy could affect both bacterial diversity and community structure of drinking water biofilm. Proteobacteria tended to predominate in chloraminated drinking water biofilms, while Firmicutes in chlorinated and unchlorinated biofilms. The major proteobacterial groups were influenced by both disinfectant type and dosage. In addition, chloramination had a more profound impact on bacterial community than chlorination.

关键词： Drinking water distribution systems Disinfection Microbial community High-throughput sequencing Firmicutes Proteobacteria

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Land-use requirements and occupancy patterns of rapidly expanding wind power deployment in China

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environmental Research Letters 2025年第7期20卷 074011-074011页

作者： Na Yang Yunzhao Chen Yan Hao Xingyong Li Lixiao Zhang Jinye Niu Junjun Zhang Tong He Junnan Mao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People’s Republic of China

The large-scale deployment of wind power has raised concerns regarding potential land-use requirements (LURs) and ecological impacts. However, understanding of land use associated with rapid wind energy deployment in China remains limited. This study quantified the direct LUR of wind farms in China, using 120 sample wind farms constructed between 2008 and 2023, and with regard to turbine foundations, permanent land use and temporary land use. We employed a categorical regression model to identify influencing factors. Additionally, we calculated the spacing LUR of wind farms by the end of 2023 using an improved Voronoi polygon algorithm based on data from 158 992 turbines across 3718 wind farms. Results indicate an average direct LUR of 7539.64 ± 3306.73 m² MW⁻¹, with the LURs for turbine foundation, permanent land use and temporary land use measured at 127.95 ± 33.00 m² MW⁻¹, 2376.23 ± 991.94 m² MW⁻¹, and 5163.40 ± 2527.11 m² MW⁻¹, respectively. Various factors, including turbine size, land cover type and topography, influence each type of LUR. By 2023, the direct LUR of wind farms in China totaled 3294.06 km², accounting for 0.03% of the national land area (9.6 million km²), with 55.90 km² designated for turbine foundations, 1038.17 km² for permanent LUR, and 2255.89 km² for temporary LUR. The spacing LUR of wind farms in China by 2023 was 108 164 km², representing 1.13% of the national land area. These findings provide critical insights into the LURs and potential ecological impacts of wind energy development in China.

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Effects of pH on photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in different atmospheres by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2207-2214页

作者： Yuan Wang Pengyi Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University

Perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）, a persistent organic pollutant, receives increasing concerns due to its worldwide occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. The photochemical decomposition by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） is one of the efficient methods for PFOA decomposition. The effects of pH on PFOA decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere or oxygen atmosphere were investigated. At its original pH （4.5） of PFOA aqueous solution, PFOA decomposed efficiently both in nitrogen and in oxygen atmosphere. However, when the pH increased to 12.0, PFOA decomposition was greatly inhibited in oxygen atmosphere, while it was greatly accelerated in nitrogen atmosphere with a very short half-life time （9 rain）. Furthermore, fluorine atoms originally contained in PFOA molecules were almost completely transformed into fluoride ions. Two decomposi- tion pathways have been proposed to explain the PFOA decomposition under different conditions. In acidic and neutral solutions, PFOA predominantly decomposes via the direct photolysis in both atmospheres; while in the alkaline solution and in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition of PFOA is mainly induced by hydrated electrons.

关键词： Perfluorocarboxylic acids （PFCAs）185 nm vacuum ultraviolet Persistent organic pollutants Photochemical Perfluorinated compounds

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Potential of secondary aerosol formation from Chinese gasoline engine exhaust

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 348-357页

作者： Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University State key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Department of Automotive Engineering Tsinghua University

Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol（SOA） production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.

关键词： Port fuel injection Gasoline engine exhaust Secondary aerosol formation Chamber simulation Secondary organic aerosol

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Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 428-432页

作者： GAO Da-wen WEN Xiang-hua QIAN Yi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environment Science and Engineering TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China.

Almost all the studies both domestic and international using white rot fungus for dye wastewater treatment are performed under sterile conditions. However, it is obviously unpractical that wastewater with dyes is treated under sterile conditions. A feasible study was made for using white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade reactive brilliant red K-2BP dye under non-sterile conditions. The results showed that there was no decolorizing effect under non-sterile condition if white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile condition, and the decolorization was always near to 0% during decolorizing test for 3 d; in the meantime, a lot of yeast funguses were found in liquid medium when white rot fungus was incubated under non-sterile conditions; however, if white rot fungus was incubated under sterile condition firstly, its decolorization was above 90% under non-sterile condition, which was similar to that of sterile condition. So we point out that the treating process for wastewater with dyes should be divided into two stages. The first stage is that white rot fungus should be incubated under sterile conditions, and the second stage is that reactive brilliant red K-2BP is decolorized under non-sterile conditions. The method not only save the operation cost which decolorizing reactive brilliant red K-2BP under sterile condition, but also provide the feasibility for using white rot fungus to degrade wastewater with dyes under non-sterile conditions.

关键词： white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium reactive brilliant red K-2BP decolorization non-sterile condition

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Reactivity of ambient volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in summer of 2004 in Beijing

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第5期19卷 573-576页

作者： Shan Huang Min Shao Sihua Lu Ying Liu State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Ambient volatile organic compounds （VOCs） were sampled at six sites in Beijing in the summer of 2004 and analyzed by GCMS. The chemical reactivities of 73 quantified VOCs species were evaluated by OH loss rates （LOH） and ozone formation potentials （OFPs）. Top 15 reactive species, mainly alkenes and aromatics, were identified by these two methods, and accounted for more than 70% of total reactivity of VOCs. In urban areas, isoprene was the most reactive species in term of OH loss rate, contributing 11.4% to the LOH of VOCs. While toluene, accounting for 9.4% of OFPs, appeared to have a long-time role in the photochemical processes. Tongzhou site is obviously influenced by local chemical industry, but the other five sites showed typical urban features influenced mainly by vehicular emissions.

关键词： VOC Reactivity OH loss rate Ozone formation potential

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Decomposition of Phragmites australis rhizomes in artificial land-water transitional zones （ALWTZs） and management implications

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第3期9卷 555-566页

作者： Zhen HAN Baoshan CUI Yongtao ZHANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Rhizomes are essential organs for growth and expansion of Phragmites australis. They function as an important source of organic matter and as a nutrient source, especially in the artificial land-water transitional zones （ALWTZs） of shallow lakes. In this study, decomposition experiments on 1- to 6-year-old R australis rhizomes were conducted in the ALWTZ of Lake Baiyangdian to evaluate the contribution of the rhizomes to organic matter accumulation and nutrient release. Mass loss and changes in nutrient content were measured after 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 days. The decomposition process was modeled with a composite exponential model. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between mass loss and litter quality factors. A multiple stepwise regression model was utilized to determine the dominant factors that affect mass loss. Results showed that the decomposition rates in water were significantly higher than those in soil for 1- to 6-year-old rhizomes. However, the sequence of decomposition rates was identical in both water and soil. Significant relationships between mass loss and litter quality factors were observed at a later stage, and P-related factors proved to have a more significant impact than N-related factors on mass loss. According to multiple stepwise models, the C/P ratio was found to be the dominant factor affecting the mass loss in water, and the C/N and C/P ratios were the main factors affecting the mass loss in soil. The combined effects of harvesting, ditch broadening, and control of water depth should be considered for lake administrators.

关键词： Phragmites australis rhizomes mass loss,decomposition rates nutrient contents Pearson correlationanalysis Artificial Land-Water Transitional Zone（ALWTZ）

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Heterogeneous oxidation of SO_2 by O_3-aged black carbon and its dithiothreitol oxidative potential

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第10期27卷 56-62页

作者： Weiwei Xu Qian Li Jing Shang Jia Liu Xiang Feng Tong Zhu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University POTEN Environment Group Co. Ltd.

Ozone（O3） is an important atmospheric oxidant. Black carbon（BC） particles released into the atmosphere undergo an aging process via O3 oxidation. O3-aged BC particles may change their uptake ability toward trace reducing gases such as SO2 in the atmosphere,leading to different environmental and health effects. In this paper, the heterogeneous reaction process between O3-aged BC and SO2 was explored via in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）. Combined with ion chromatography（IC）,DRIFTS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the sulfate product. The results showed that O3-aged BC had stronger SO2 oxidation ability than fresh BC, and the reactive species/sites generated on the surface had an important role in the oxidation of *** humidity or 254 nm UV（ultraviolet） light illumination enhanced the oxidation uptake of SO2 on O3-aged BC. The oxidation potentials of the BC particles were detected via dithiothreitol（DTT） assay. The DTT activity over BC was decreased in the process of SO2 reduction, with the consumption of oxidative active sites.

关键词： Black carbon Ozone SO2 Heterogeneous reaction Oxidative potential Dithiothreitol assay

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