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Four terrestrialization characteristics of Baiyangdian Lake, China

Procedia environmental Sciences 2012年 13卷 645-654页

作者： Yongtao Zhang Baoshan Cui Yan Lan Zhen Han Tingting Wang Aijuan Guo School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China College of Life Sciences Hebei University No.180 Wusidonglubaoding Hebei 071002China

Terrestrialization is the process by which a water body changes from a wetland to a terrestrial ecosystem. Many factors contribute to the process, including climate change and macrophyte expansion. Among such factors, water level and eutrophication result in quantitative and qualitative changes on macrophyte communities, while expansion of macrophytes can accelerate the rate of terrestrialization by bioaccumulation. The siltation of sand also greatly contributes to terrestrialization. Here, the water quality, water level, siltation of sand, and vegetation of Baiyangdian Lake were analyzed to assess the terrestrialization characteristics of this lake and understand its terrestrialization process.

关键词： terrestrialization lake succession macrophyte expanding sediment deposition Baiyangdian Lake

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A comparison of single- and multi-gauge based calibrations for hydrological modeling of the Upper Daning River Watershed in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Region

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Hydrology Research 2012年第6期43卷 822-832页

作者： Gong, Yongwei Shen, Zhenyao Liu, Ruimin Hong, Qian Wu, Xing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Ministry of Education Beijing 100044 China

Many parameters in hydrological models cannot be measured directly and should be estimated through calibration. In this study, four separate calibration schemes, including a multi-gauge and three single-gauge ones, were conducted to simulate the daily stream flow of the Upper Daning River in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Region using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A highly efficient calibration technique - the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version-2 (SUFI-2) procedure - was utilized in the calibration and validation. Results indicated that all four schemes could obtain satisfactory parameter sets, and there were no obvious differences between the simulation results obtained by the multi- and single-gauge calibration schemes in terms of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value (ENS). This might be attributed to the uniformly distributed land uses, similar topography variations and the low resolution of soil type map of the study area. © IWA Publishing 2012.

关键词： SWAT

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Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Plastics and Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs)

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2012年 16卷 552-559页

作者： Yuan Chen Jinhui Li Lieqiang Chen Shusheng Chen Weihua Diao School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 Dongjiang Environmental Company Limited Shenzhen 518057 China

Two kinds of BFRs in three WEEE plastics(cell phone shells, computer housings and TV housings) and PCBs were detected with GC/MS. The results showed the plastics used as mobile phone shells had no BFRs. TBBPA was only found in computer housings. Among PBDEs, congeners of heptabromodiphenyl ether, octabromodiphenyl ether and nonabromodiphenyl ether were frequent ones, and detected in both TV housings and computer housings. But the contents of N9BDE were lower than the other two, only 180 mg/kg and 5.3 mg/kg in computer housings and TV housings respectively, while pentabromodiphenyl ether and hexabromodiphenyl ether were determined in PCBs.

关键词： Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Printed circuit boards(PCBs) GC/MS

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Mass transfer-reaction process of flue gas desulfurization by carbide slug

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Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society 2012年第SUPPL. 2期37卷 432-437页

作者： Nengzi, Li-Chao Liu, Sheng-Yu State Key Laboratory of Atmosphere Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225 China

The effect factors on carbide wet flue gas desulfurization were studied by orthogonal test and single-factor experiment, the mass transfer reaction model was established, too. The results show that the order of important factors is the ratio of liquid-gas (L/G) >gas SO2 concentration>slurry pH>carbide concentration>absorption temperature. The ratio of liquid-gas, flue gas SO2 concentration, and slurry pH can improve the desulfurization rate significantly. The ratio of liquid-gas increases from 10 to 30, the desulfurization rate increases by 54.91% while dropped by 6.94% when L/G greater than 60. High flue gas SO2 concentration can improve the desulfurization efficiency increase, but when greater than 1000×10-6, the desulfurization rate gradually declines. Increasing the slurry pH improved the desulfurization rates, the system desulfurization rate remaines above 90% at pH=9. The principle of carbide desulfurization is hydration and stabilization of SO2 by forming H+ and HSO3-. A stable compound CaSO3·2H2O is formed in this process to achieve flue gas desulfurization. The mass transfer-reaction process of flue gas desulfurization by carbide slug was established on film model, the reaction film of SO2 and HSO3- was divided into 3 sections.

关键词： Flue gases

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Multifractal analysis to characterize urban surface dust volume-size distribution

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2012年 13卷 2394-2401页

作者： Zhiming Zhang Baoshan Cui Fengman Fang Xiaoyun Fan Honggang Zhang School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street Beijing 100875 China College of Territorial Resources and Tourism Anhui Normal University No. 2 Huajin South Road Wuhu 241003 China

The amount of ubiquitous urban environment surface dust with high contaminants is directly correlated with the degree of harm to the human body. This paper discusses the surface dust grain-size distribution characteristics by utilizing the multifractal model. The results indicate that urban surface dust particle distribution is a scattered distribution. Rényi-dimension spectra curves of dust are either nearly sigma shaped (q ≥ 0), or they follow a quasi-linear variation (q > 0). The Rényi dimensions (D(q)) and pH were found to have significance correlation. No relationship was found between D(q) and Arsenic (As). When q > 0, organic matter (OM) and Mercury (Hg) are positively correlated with Rényi dimensions. However, OM and Hg are not correlated with D(q) when q ≥ 0. The use of this multifractal model could be considered a way to express the contaminant level in dust. It may be taken into consideration in environment management strategies.

关键词： Multifractal analysis Urban surface dust particle-size distribution Rényi dimensions

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Evaluation of the infectivity,gene and antigenicity persistence of rotaviruses by free chlorine disinfection

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1691-1698页

作者： Dan Li April Z. Gu Siyu Zeng Wan Yang Miao He Hanchang Shi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control （ESPC） State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA

The effects of free chlorine disinfection of tap water and wastewater effluents on the infectivity, gene integrity and surface antigens of rotaviruses were evaluated by a bench-scale chlorine disinfection experiments. Plaque assays, integrated cell culture-quantitative RT- PCR （ICC-RT-qPCR）, RT-qPCR, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）, respectively, were used to assess the influence of the disinfectant on virus infectivity as well as genetic and antigenic integrity of simian rotavirus SA11 as a surrogate for human rotaviruses. The ICC-RT-qPCR was able to detect rotaviruses survival from chlorine disinfection at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L （60 min contact）, which suggested a required chlorine dose of 5 folds （from 1 to 5 mg/L） higher than that indicated by the plaque assay to achieve 1.8 log10 reductions in tap water with 60 rain exposing. The VP7 gene was more resistant than the infectivity and existed at chlorine dose up to 20 mg/L （60 min contact）, while the antigencity was undetectable with chlorine dose more than 5 mg/L （60 min contact）. The water quality also impacted the inactivation efficiencies, and rotaviruses have a relatively higher resistant in secondary effluents than in the tap water under the same chlorine disinfection treatments. This study indicated that rotaviruses have a higher infectivity, gene and antigencity resistance to chlorine than that previously indicated by plaque assay only, which seemed to underestimate the resistance of rotaviruses to chlorine and the risk of rotaviruses in environments. Present results also suggested that re-evaluation of resistance of other waterborne viruses after disinfections by more sensitive infectivity detection method （such as ICC-RT-qPCR） may be necessary, to determine the adequate disinfectant doses required for the inactivation of waterborne viruses.

关键词： rotaviruses free chlorine disinfection infectivity genes antigenicity ICC-RT-qPCR

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Economic feasibility analysis of a renewable energy project in the rural China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2012年 13卷 2280-2283页

作者： Jin Yang Weichao Chen Bin Chen Yan Jia State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Foreign Economic Cooperation Center Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100125 China Foreign Capital Project Management Centre Department of Agriculture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530022 China

In this paper, an economic feasibility analysis of a wind farm is presented. Three situations including cost benefit analysis of current situation, government wind power subsidy on wind power price, and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of wind farm are considered. Results show that wind power generating system is a good choice for both energy saving and GHG emission reduction compared with the other power generation systems. It is also proved that the construction of wind farm is an attractive choice for investors. Finally, CDM program and government subsidy on wind power are suggested as two efficient approaches to boost the wind power development.

关键词： net energy GHG emission wind power economic feasible analysis

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Inventory analysis for a household biogas system

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2012年 13卷 1902-1906页

作者： Jing Qi Bin Chen Weichao Chen Xueling Chu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Foreign Capital Project Management Centre Department of Agriculture of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Nanning 530022 China Foreign Economic Cooperation Center Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100125 China

This paper proposes an inventory analysis for the household biogas system in Gongcheng, China. The results show that (1) Biogas-linked agro-ecosystem has a longer utilization chain for agricultural wastes, which takes in nonrenewable resources and outputs renewable resources. Therefore, household biogas system is an effective measure in relieving energy shortage, reducing environmental pollution and realizing the sustainable agriculture in the rural areas. (2) The efficiency of the household biogas system is at a low level, and still needs to be promoted. In order to increase the energy conversion efficiency and energy use ratio, more attempts should be dedicated to the technological advancement of biogas fermentation and multipurpose utilization. (3) The proposed method may help us understand the household biogas system more clearly and directly in energy conversion and utilization mode based on energy metrics. It is convenient to find out the weak points of the agro-ecosystem that waste more energy and seek for optimal solutions accordingly.

关键词： household biogas system inventory analysis energy accounting

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Nighttime HOx chemistry in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing in summer 2006: intense oxidation without sunlight

Nighttime HOx chemistry in the Pearl River Delta and Beijing...

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第19届中国大气环境科学与技术大会暨中国环境科学学会大气环境分会2012年学术年会

作者： K.D.Lu S.R.Lou M.Shao T.Zhu A.Wahner Y.H.Zhang F.Rohrer A.Hofzumahaus F.Holland H.Fuchs T.Brauers R.Dlugi M.Hu X.Li Shanghai Academy Of Environmental Sciences Shanghai China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8: Troposph(a)re Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany Arbeitsgruppe Atmosph(a)rische Prozesse(AGAP) München Germany Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8: Troposph(a)re Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany Institute of Energy and Climate Research IEK-8: Troposph(a)re Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871

Due to the absence of sunlight, unexpected high nighttime OH concentrations reported in previous field studies are of high interest for in-depth understanding of trace gas removal and reaction kinetics. In summer 2006, within the framework of PRIDE-PRD2006 and CAREBEIJING2006, we performed intensive in-situ measurements for HOX radicals and ancillary parameters at two non-urban sites in Pearl River Delta and Beijing, respectively. During nighttime, similar features for both campaigns were observed. Radical concentration decreased in the afternoon to values of 3×106cm?3 (OH) and 5×108cm?3 (HO2) of sunset. After sunset, concentration decreased steadily even further reaching 0. 5×106cm?3 (OH) and 0. 2×108cm?3 (HO2) shortly before sunrise. Consequently, the averaged nighttime pollutant turnover rates by OH were as high as 8 ppb/h and 4 ppb/h for PRD and Beijing, respectively, dominating nighttime oxidation processes. A box model with the established chemical mechanism (RACM-MIM-GK) underestimated these observed OH concentrations by an order of magnitude while reproduced the observed HO2 concentrations taking into account the known interference from ambient RO2 radicals. By testing the recently proposed recycling mechanisms applied for daytime chemistry, we found both a small primary source and a secondary source of OH radicals were required additionally, of which the last one comparable to daytime observation. Interestingly, the widely applied Leuven Isoprene Mechanism showed marginal impacts on the modeled nighttime OH concentrations under high isoprene and low NO conditions. With the help of a simple one dimensional simulation, we found that direct input of ROx radicals by vertical transport was negligible while the input of PAN and MPAN could be of significance.

关键词： HOx nighttime oxidation RACM Laser Induced Fluorescence Pearl River Delta Beijing

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Evolution of particle number size distribution in an urban atmosphere during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第11期54卷 1772-1778页

作者： WU ZhiJun, HU Min YUE DingLi Birgit WEHNER Alfred WIEDENSOHLER State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Leibniz-lnstitutefor Tropospheric Research 04318 Leipzig Germany

This study discusses the evolution of particle number size distribution during episodes of heavy pollution and new particle formation in the urban atmosphere of Beijing to quantify the effects of dynamic processes (coagulation and condensation) on the particle number size *** a heavy-pollution event,an extremely low number concentration of 3-10 nm particles (on average 46 cm-3) was *** is because nucleation-mode particles were easily removed by strong coagulational scavenging of larger particles under this *** addition,a large condensation sink (on average 0.13 s-1) restrained nucleation,which is one of the major sources of nucleation-mode ***,during a new-particle formation event,the small condensation sink (0.01 s-1) of precursor facilitated *** the same time,preexisting particles had little ability to scavenge newly formed particles (around 1 nm) and allowed them to grow to a detectable size (larger than 3 nm currently).We suggest that the effects of dynamic processes (coagulation and condensation) on particle size distribution should be stressed under some extreme conditions of the relatively polluted urban atmosphere in addition to traffic and meteorological factors.

关键词： particle number size distribution new particle formation coagulation and condensation sinks

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