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Embodied Energy Account of Chinese Economy 2002

Procedia environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 184-198页

作者： M.M. Jiang B. Chen S.Y. Zhou State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Beijing Development Area Corporate Ltd. Low-carbon Center Beijing 100176 China

In this research, input-output (I-O) model was used to calculate the embodied (direct plus indirect) energy consumption of the Chinese 42 major sectors based on the estimation of the direct energy inputs to the Chinese economy in 2002. Several indicators, involving the embodied energy intensity, imported energy dependent index, and energy balance of trade, were provided to analyze the energy basement of the current Chinese industry. This study also explored the Chinese energy use structure for the added value and final use in 2002, and investigated the disparity in energy use between the rural consumption and the urban consumption. The cluster analysis was employed to group these sectors according to their similarities in embodied energy intensity, imported energy dependency, and energy use structure of final use. Conclusion shows that the energy industries held the highest energy intensities in China while most light industrial sectors, hi-tech sectors and various service sectors enjoyed the lowest energy intensities. And the petroleum associated sectors are most in degree for the imported-energy dependency in 2002, as a great contrast to the coal-associated industries. This was further explored through the Chinese energy balance of trade in 2002, which reveals that the oil consumed sectors encountered serious embodied energy deficits, but the sectors with coal as major fuel held embodied energy surplus.

关键词： Embodied energy Chinese economy I-O analysis 42 sectors Introduction

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Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorous Removal Process Employing Nitrite as Electron Acceptor and the Characterization of Dominant Functional Populations

Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorous Removal Process Empl...

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2011 International Conference on Energy and Environment(ICEE 2011)

作者： Hongxu BAO Xiping MA Jian WANG Kui JING Manli SHEN Aijie WANG School of Environmental Science Liaoning University Key Lab of Pollution Control and Environmental Remediation of Liaoning Province State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments Harbin Institute of Technology

A sequencing batch reactors(SBR) was adopted to investigate the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency employing nitrite as electron acceptor under anaerobic/anoxic condition. The experimental results showed that high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency could be obtained under the following conditions: nitrite concentration of 30～40 mg/L, COD concentration of 400 mg/L, p H 8.0±0.2 in anaerobic stage and p H 7.2±0.2 in anoxic stage, sludge retention time(SRT) of 22 days. When the reactor performed steadily, a dominant functional strain was screened from the activated sludge, which has high nitrite and phosphorus removal efficiency. Batch tests results showed that the removal degree of nitrite and phosphorus could reach 99.18% and 84.94% respectively when their concentrations were 20mg/L and 10mg/L. according to the morphology and physio-biochemical characteristics, and the results of 16 S r DNA sequencing, it is determined that the strain belongs to the Genus of Sphingobacterium. The experimental results achieved in this study might offer guidance to the development of shortcut denitrifying phosphorus removal process.

关键词： denitrifying phosphorus removal functional bacterium nitrite process sewage treatment

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An Acetic-Acid Type Climax Community and Its changes Aroused by COD/SO42- Ratio in An Acidogenic Sulfate-Reducing Reactor

An Acetic-Acid Type Climax Community and Its changes Aroused...

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The 2011 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science(ICMEMS 2011)

作者： Hongxu BAO Xiping MA Jian WANG Kui JING Zhihui CHEN Aijie WANG School of Environmental Science Liaoning University Key Lab of Pollution Control and Environmental Remediation of Liaoning Province State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments Harbin Institute of Technology

The objective of this study is to investigate the microbial community and its characteristics changes aroused by the ratios of COD/SO2- 4in the acidogenic-phase reactor of twophase anaerobic process. A continuous-flow lab-scale test was conducted in an acidogenic sulfatereducing reactor with molasses wastewater as sole organic carbon source and sodium sulfate as the electron acceptor. The experimental results showed that Acetic-acid Type Microbial Metabolism resulted in the formation of An Acetic-acid Type Climax Community. The change of the COD/SO2-4 ratio caused an ecological succession from a stable climax community at moderate and high COD/SO2-4 ratios to a sub-stable climax community at a lower COD/SO2-4 ratio. But Aceticacid Type Microbial Metabolism kept unchanged during this course, which indicated the stability of Acetic-acid Type Climax Community. The Acetic-acid Type Microbial Metabolism and Acetic-acid Type Climax Community were of typical characteristics in the acidogenic sulfate-reducing reactor.

关键词： Acetic-acid Type Microbial Metabolism Acetic-acid Type Climax Community COD/SO2-4 ratio ecological succession sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)

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Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorous Removal Process Employing Nitrite as Electron Acceptor and the Characterization of Dominant Functional Populations

Performance of Denitrifying Phosphorous Removal Process Empl...

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2011 SSITE International Conference on Future Material Research and Industry Application(FMRIA 2011)

A sequencing batch reactors(SBR) was adopted to investigate the denitrifying phosphorus removal efficiency employing nitrite as electron acceptor under anaerobic/anoxic conditionThe experimental results showed that high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency could be obtained under the following conditions: nitrite concentration of 30～40 mg/L, COD concentration of 400 mg/L, pH 8.0±0.2 in anaerobic stage and pH 7.2±0.2 in anoxic stage, sludge retention time(SRT) of 22 daysWhen the reactor performed steadily, a dominant functional strain was screened from the activated sludge, which has high nitrite and phosphorus removal efficiencyBatch tests results showed that the removal degree of nitrite and phosphorus could reach 99.18% and 84.94% respectively when their concentrations were 20mg/L and 10mg/Laccording to the morphology and physio-biochemical characteristics, and the results of 16 S r DNA sequencing, it is determined that the strain belongs to the Genus of SphingobacteriumThe experimental results achieved in this study might offer guidance to the development of shortcut denitrifying phosphorus removal process.

关键词： Denitrifying phosphorus removal functional bacterium nitrite process sewage treatment

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Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fermentation

Dual enzymatic saccharification of food waste for ethanol fe...

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International Conference on Electrical and control Engineering (ICECE)

作者： Xiangfeng Zhang Tom Richard State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

Lower efficiency serves as limiting factor in the enzymatic saccharification of food waste (FW) for ethanol fermentation. We investigated the effects of temperature, tetracycline; the optimization of dual enzymatic inoculation using simplex lattice design; as well as batch ethanol fermentation based on optimized FW saccharification The moderate temperature (50°C) was proper to balance the saccharification efficiency and reducing sugar loss. The tetracycline inoculation (80 mg/L) dramatically prevented the reducing sugar loss of saccharification by inhibiting the microbial contaminants. The optimized ratio of α-amylase and amyloglucosidase was 0.5:0.5, which indicated that the experimental results under the optimum conditions agreed well with the model predictions. The ethanol yield reached 0.25 g/g dry FW under optimum conditions of saccharification indicating this strategy could be promising to utilize FW.

关键词： Sugar Ethanol Educational institutions Microorganisms Biochemistry Optimization

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Size Distribution of Water Soluble Brown Carbon and Its Light Absorbing Properties

Size Distribution of Water Soluble Brown Carbon and Its Ligh...

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第十八届中国大气环境科学与技术大会

作者： Caiqing Yan Mei Zheng Xiaolu Zhang Jiumeng Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA School of Earth and A

ze-segregated aerosol samples were collected by Mirco-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) in Atlanta,USA and Beijing,China during summer *** characteristics and size distribution of carbonaceous aerosols especially water soluble brown carbon (light absorbing organic matter with strong wavelength-dependent in UV and UV-Visible ranges) were *** of organic carbon (OC) and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) both exhibited bimodal distribution,peaking at coarse mode (3.2 μm) and fine mode (0.56-1 μm).In the fine particle fraction,OC was dominated by WSOC and comprised of significant fraction of light absorbing components.

关键词： brown carbon light absorption size distribution Beijing Atlanta

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Energy cost and greenhouse gas emissions of a Chinese wind farm

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 25-28页

作者： Q. Yang G.Q. Chen Y.H. Zhao B. Chen Z. Li B. Zhang Z.M. Chen H. Chen State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China China Hua Dian Corporation Beijing 100035 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Wind power is considered as one of the most promising renewable energy sources in China. Presented in this study is a life cycle analysis of energy performance and greenhouse gas emission for a typical wind farm in Guangxi, with different stages of manufacturing, transportation, and installation of mechanical components, operation and maintenance, and disassemble and disposal taken into account. Results show that the nonrenewable energy cost and greenhouse gas emission to generate 1 MJ of electricity for the grid are 0.046 MJ and 0.002 kg CO2 equivalent, respectively. In consideration of the dominant power generation technology of coal combustion in China, the nonrenewable energy saving brought about by the concerned wind farm is estimated at 1.22E+7GJ during its twenty year operating period, while the reduced greenhouse gas emissions are as much as 1.03E+06 ton CO2 equivalent. It is believed that this successful example can lend solid support to a future wide use of wind power in China.

关键词： Embodied energy analysis Greenhouse gas emission Wind farm China

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Parameter uncertainty analysis in watershed total phosphorus modeling using the GLUE methodology

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Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2011年第3-4期142卷 246-255页

作者： Yongwei Gong Zhenyao Shen Qian Hong Ruimin Liu Qian Liao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment Ministry of Education School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing 100044 China

Deterministic watershed models are frequently used for agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution simulations. However, parameter uncertainty should be analyzed before the modeling results are used to make decisions regarding watershed NPS pollution control programs. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the total phosphorus (TP) loads caused by NPS pollution in the upper Daning River Watershed in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methodology was used to analyze the parameter uncertainty in SWAT modeling. The impacts of three subjective options of GLUE, the parameter ranges, the level of confidence, and the threshold value of the likelihood measure, on the parameter uncertainty analysis results were analyzed. Specifically, we investigated if there was a combination of these factors that was most appropriate for expression of the uncertainty assessment results. The results indicated that the “observed data” may not always lie within the confidence intervals of GLUE, so the confidence interval was not sufficient to represent the uncertainty for the specific requirements of this study. Therefore we suggest there should be alternative measures to express the parameter uncertainty of GLUE.

关键词： SWAT Non-point source pollution Parameter range Confidence limit Threshold value Confidence interval

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Reinvestigation of the Henry's law constant for hydrogen peroxide with temperature and acidity variation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第4期22卷 570-574页

作者： Daoming Huang,Zhongming Chen The state key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control,College of environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China. [a] The State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Hydrogen peroxide is not only an important oxidant in itself; it also serves as both sink and temporary reservoir for other important oxidants including HOx （OH and HO2） radicals and O3 in the atmosphere. Its partitioning between gas and aqueous phases in the atmosphere, usually described by its Henry＇s law constant （KH）, significantly influences its role in atmospheric processes. Large discrepancies between the KH values reported in previous work, however, have created uncertainty for atmospheric modelers. Based on our newly developed online instrumentation, we have re-determined the temperature and acidity dependence of KH for hydrogen peroxide at an air pressure of （0.960 ± 0.013） atm （1 atm = 1.01325 × 10^5 Pa）. The results indicated that the temperature dependence of KH for hydrogen peroxide fits to the Van＇t Hoff equation form, expressed as lnKH = a/T - b, and a = -△H/R, where KH is in M/atm （M is mol/L）, T is in degrees Kelvin, R is the ideal gas constant, and AH is the standard heat of solution. For acidity dependence, results demonstrated that the KH value of hydrogen peroxide appeared to have no obvious dependence on decreasing pH level （from pH 7 to pH 1）. Combining the dependence of both temperature and acidity, the obtained a and b were 7024 ± 138 and 11.97 ± 0.48, respectively, AH was （58.40 ± 1.15） kJ/（***）, and the uncertainties represent σ. Our determined KH values for hydrogen peroxide will therefore be of great use in atmospheric models.

关键词： hydrogen peroxide Henry＇s law constant atmosphere acidity

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Perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs)in surface and tap water around Lake Taihu in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第3期4卷 301-310页

作者： Yong QIU He JING Hanchang SHI State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Perfluorinated compounds(PFCs)are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs)and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs).In this paper,six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East *** PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L^(–1),the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L^(–1),and the median(quartile range)values were 31.4(34.4)and 10.4(10.7)ng·L^(–1),*** PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than *** sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area,and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the *** distributions were found different in the upstream,downstream and north part of Lake *** of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people.A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health,but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.

关键词： surface and tap water perfluorocarboxylic acids(PFCAs) perfluoroalkyl sulfonates(PFASs) Lake Taihu area ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)

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