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Recent advances in membrane bioreactor technology for wastewater treatment in China

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第3期4卷 245-271页

作者： Xia HUANG Kang XIAO Yuexiao SHEN State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Since the introduction of the membrane bioreactor(MBR)in China in the early 1990s,remarkable progress has been achieved on the research and application of this *** has now become one of the most active fields in the world in this *** review outlines the development of MBR-based processes in China and their performance of treating municipal and industrial *** membrane fouling is a critical operational problem with MBR processes,this paper also proposes updated understanding of fouling mechanisms and strategies of fouling control,which are mainly compiled from publications of Chinese *** for the commercial application of MBR in the country,the latest statistics of large-scale MBR plants(>10000 m^(3)·d^(–1))are provided,and the growth trend of total treatment capacity as well as its driving force is analyzed.

关键词： membrane bioreactor(MBR) municipal wastewater treatment industrial wastewater treatment membrane fouling commercial application China

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Heterogeneous reaction of SO_2 on TiO_2 particles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2637-2643页

作者： SHANG Jing,LI Jia & ZHU Tong state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control College of environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was studied using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).The influences of the oxygen concentration,relative humidity (RH),and ultraviolet (UV) light illumination (λ=365 nm) intensity on the reaction were *** main product of the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was sulfate with UV illumination and sulfite without *** production of sulfate was promoted significantly with UV illumination or water,and there was a synergistic effect when both were *** the dry system without UV,the heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on TiO2 particles was found to be second-order for SO2 and the initial uptake coefficient,BET,was determined to be 1.94 × *** UV and RH=40%,the reaction order was first-order and the initial uptake coefficient was 1.35 × 10-5.

关键词： SO2 TiO2 DRIFTS heterogeneous oxidation

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Heterogeneous reactions of gaseous methanesulfonic acid with calcium carbonate and kaolinite particles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2657-2662页

作者： TANG MingJin,LI MengQiu & ZHU Tong state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control College of environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Heterogeneous reactions of gaseous methanesulfonic acid (MSA) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and kaolinite particles at room temperature were investigated using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and ion chromatography (IC).Methanesulfonate (MS-) was identified as the product in the condensed phase,in accordance with the product of the reaction of gaseous MSA with NaCl and sea salt *** the concentration of gaseous MSA was 1.34 × 10-13 molecules cm-3,the uptake coefficient was (1.21 ± 0.06) × 10-8 (1) for the reaction of gaseous MSA with CaCO3 and (4.10 ± 0.65) × 10 10 (1) for the reaction with *** uptake coefficients were significantly smaller than those of the reactions of gaseous MSA with NaCl and sea salt particles.

关键词： gaseous MSA heterogeneous reaction calcium carbonate kaolinite

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Integrated water resource security evaluation of Beijing based on GRA and TOPSIS

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中国高等学校学术文摘·地球科学 2010年第3期4卷 357-362页

作者： Jing DAI Jing QI Jingjing CHI Shaoqing CHEN Jin YANG Liping JU Bin CHEN State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Security evaluation has become a hot topic in the research field of water resource management. In this paper, we established a novel water resource security indicator system based on the Pressure-Status-Response (PSR) framework using gray relation analysis (GRA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). A case study of Beijing from 1996 to 2007 was conducted to verify the evaluation system. Results showed that the gray relative closeness degrees of water resource security to the positive ideal solution were low, with the least one of 0.360 in 1999 and the largest one of 0.527 in 2007, implying that Beijing was facing severer challenges with water resources during the concerned time. Also, the analysis of water resource security indicated that the pressure of water resource was constantly increasing. Finally, factor analysis was employed to calculate the gray relation degrees of evaluating indices with the ideal solutions so as to reveal the relativity of water resource security of Beijing, which may contribute to a better understanding of the urban water resource management and regulation.

关键词： water resource security grey relation analysis (GRA) technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) factor analysis

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Preparation of activated carbon from cattail and its application for dyes removal

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第1期22卷 91-97页

作者： Qianqian Shi Jian Zhang Chenglu Zhang Cong Li Bo Zhang Weiwei Hu Jingtao Xu Ran Zhao School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250100 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Activated carbon was prepared from cattail by H3PO4 activation. The effects influencing the surface area of the resulting activated carbon followed the sequence of activated temperature 〉 activated time 〉 impregnation ratio 〉 impregnation time. The optimum condition was found at an impregnation ratio of 2.5, an impregnation time of 9 hr, an activated temperature of 500℃, and an activated time of 80 min. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and average pore size of the activated carbon were 1279 m^2/g and 5.585 nm, respectively. A heterogeneous structure in terms of both size and shape was highly developed and widely distributed on the carbon surface. Some groups containing oxygen and phosphorus were formed, and the carboxyl group was the major oxygen-containing functional group. An isotherm equilibrium study was carried out to investigate the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The data fit the Langmuir isotherm equation, with maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of 192.30 mg/g for Neutral Red and 196.08 mg/g for Malachite Green. Dye-exhausted carbon could be regenerated effectively by thermal treatment. The results indicated that cattail-derived activated carbon was a promising adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.

关键词： cattail activated carbon H3PO4 activation dyes removal regeneration

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Characteristics and source identification of fine particulate n-alkanes in Beijing, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 998-1005页

作者： Fengkui Duan Kebin He Xiande Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Ambient particulate n-alkanes were determined for fine particle （PM2.5） samples collected from Sep 2003 to July 2004 in Beijing, China. The average concentration of total n-alkanes （∑n-alkanes） from Cll to C34 was 425.72 ng/m^3, ranged from 7.02 to 2893.28 ng/m^3. The concentration distributions of n-alkanes homologues in this study exhibited peaks at C21 and C29 in heating season, and C29 in non-heating season. The average carbon preference index （CPI） value was 1.88 in the range of 1.18-3.88. The maximum CPI in summer indicated the contribution of biogenic origins such as plant wax; while the minimum CPI value in winter was probably a result of fossil fuel combustion. Preliminary estimation from these results showed that 59% of the n-alkanes in PM2.5 in Beijing summer originated from plant wax, while 74%-88% was from fossil fuel combustion in other three seasons. Source estimation was further performed using principal component analysis method. Two major components were yielded accounting for 57.3% and 30.9% of the total variance, which presented the fossil fuel and biogenic contribution, respectively.

关键词： n-alkanes PM2.5 carbon preference index principal component analysis

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Energy cost and greenhouse gas emissions of a Chinese solar tower power plant

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2011年 5卷 77-80页

作者： Q. Yang G.Q. Chen Y.H. Zhao B. Chen Z. Li Z.F. Wang State Key Laboratory of Turbulence and Complex Systems College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China China Hua Dian Corporation Beijing 100035 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Solar Thermal Energy and Photovoltaic System of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering P.O. Box 2703 Beijing 100190 China

It is commonly assumed that the application of solar power system can save energy and relief global climate change. Presented in this study is the account of energy performance and greenhouse gas emissions of a planned solar tower power plant in China based on the life cycle analysis method. The conservative estimation of energy cost for the concerned plant is 1.21 times of the electricity output, which is a relatively decent performance amongst power generation technologies. In order to analyze the greenhouse gas performance, a comparison is carried out between the solar tower power plant and conventional coal-fired power plant in China. Results show the application of this solar system obtains a net greenhouse gas emission reduction of 0.31E+06 ton CO2 equivalent, during its operating period of twenty years. It is believed that this successful example can lend solid support to a future wide use of solar power in China.

关键词： Solar tower power plant Electricity generation Energy analysis Greenhouse gas emission

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Using electrotopological state indices to model the depuration rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels of Elliptio complanata

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1544-1550页

作者： Lei Wang Xinhui Liu Zhengjun Shan Lili Shi . Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences/Key laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control Ministry of Environmental Protection Nanjing 210042 China. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

A quantitative structure-activity relationship （QSAR） model on depuration rate constants （ka） of polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was successfully constructed using electrotopological state indices （ESI） and partial least squares （PLS） regression. The cross validated 2 Qcum and the correlation coefficient R for the model were determined to be 0.845 and 0.954, respectively. The satisfactory Q2cum and R values indicated significantly high robustness and good predictive ability for the model. The model was tested and found acceptable for the prediction of logkd （the logarithm of the deputation rate constants） by validation set. According to the model, an increase in the values of Saasc, S5＇, S4, S5 and S4＇, led to increased logkd, and a decrease in the values of Na, S2, and S6 also resulted in increased logkd. Among these descriptors, Ncl, S aasC, S5＇,, S4 and S5 made significant contributions to the value of logkd. These significant descriptors showed that the depuration of PCBs in Elliptio complanata may be mainly attributed to an equilibrium partitioning process among compartments with different lipid contents, while the reactivity of PCBs with enzymes or other molecules may play a subordinate role.

关键词： deputation polychlorinated biphenyls electrotopological state indices QSAR Elliptio complanata

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Heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde on the surface of TiO_2 particles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2644-2651页

作者： XU BingYe 1,2,ZHU Tong 1,TANG XiaoYan 1 & SHANG Jing 1 1 state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control College of environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 Zhejiang Province environmental Monitoring Center,Hangzhou 310012,China 1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou 310012 China

The heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated in situ using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) combined with ion chromatography (IC),X-ray diffraction (XRD),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Formate,dioxymethylene,methoxy,and polyoxymethylene were observed in the infrared spectra of TiO2 particles during the *** the surface of TiO2,the adsorbed HCHO was first oxidized to dioxymethylene and further oxidized to *** effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the reaction products and reactive uptake coefficients were studied,and the results indicate that the reaction rate can be accelerated at increasing temperatures as well as under *** heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of HCHO on the surface of TiO2 in the dark and under UV irradiation are *** measurements show that formate formation on TiO2 is second order in HCHO concentration and the initial reactive uptake coefficients at room temperature calculated with the Brunauer-EmmettTeller specific surface area are (0.5-5) × 10-8 ([HCHO]:1 × 1013-2 × 10 14 molecules/cm3).A linear function relationship exists between the uptake coefficient and the *** apparent activation energy of the reaction was also determined.

关键词： DRIFTS formaldehyde heterogeneous reaction reactive uptake coefficient TiO2

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Estimation of Ecological Water Requirements Based on Habitat Response to Water Level in Huanghe River Delta,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第4期20卷 318-329页

作者： CUI Baoshan HUA Yanyan WANG Chongfang LIAO Xiaolin TAN Xuejie TAO Wendong State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Environmental Resources and Forest Engineering College of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York NY 13210 USA

In recent years,wetland ecological water requirements (EWRs) have been estimated by using hydrological and functional approaches,but those approaches have not yet been integrated for a whole *** paper presents a new method for calculating wetland EWRs,which is based on the response of habitats to water level,and determines water level threshold through the functional integrity of *** show that in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta water levels between 5.0 m and 5.5 m are required to maintain the functional integrity of the wetland at a value higher than *** of the dominant plants in the delta,Phragmites australis,tolerates water level fluctuation of about ± 0.25 m without the change in wetland functional *** minimum,optimum and maximum EWRs for the Huanghe River Delta are 9.42×106 m3,15.56×106 m3 and 24.12×106 m3 with water levels of 5.0 m,5.2 m and 5.5 m,corresponding to functional integrity indices of 0.70,0.84 and 0.72,respectively.A wetland restoration program has been performed,which aims to meet these EWRs in attempt to recover from losses of up to 98% in the delta's former wetland area.

关键词： water level-habitat response functional integrity ecological water requirements wetland Huanghe River Delta

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