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Forecast of Consumption and Emission of HFC-134a Used in the Mobile Air-conditioner Sector in China

Advances in Climate Change Research 2010年第1期1卷 20-26页

作者： Jianxin Hu Dan Wan Chunmei Li Jianbo Zhang Xu Yi State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation ＆ Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences ＆ Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Beijing Environmental Protection Supervision Team Beijing 100044 China China Automobile Industrial Association Beijing 100823 China

HFC-134a is the most important alternative to CFC-12 used in the mobile air-conditioner sector in China. The con- sumption of HFC-134a has been increasing rapidly in recent years. It becomes the most consumed HFC in the sector. Selecting 2005 as the base line year, future consumption and emission amounts of HFC-134a are estimated through an analysis of a combined scenario： 1） replacement by non-HFC-134a blends, 2） good practice in servicing, 3） technology promotion, and 4） government policies on control of HFC-134a emissions. The analysis shows that HFC-134a consumption and emissions will continue to increase in the next 10 years. The projected HFC-134a consumption will approach 20,150 t and 34,875 t in 2010 and 2015 respectively, while the estimated emission amounts will reach 16,065 t and 30,186 t （i.e., 21 Mt CO2-eq and 39 Mt CO2-eq emissions） correspondingly. Compared with the business-as-usual scenario, the expected emission reductions in 2010 and 2015 will range between 6.7 Mt CO2-eq and 13.0 Mt CO2-eq.

关键词： mobile air-conditioner HFC-134a emission reduction

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Eco-security Monitoring Index System for Urban Development Zone

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1199-1205页

作者： Xiaocui Zhou Zhifeng Yang Linyu Xu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

Urban Development Zones are always constructed rapidly and intensively, resulting in contingent ecological and environmental problems. This paper establishes a set of ecological-security index system for urban development and construction. It utilizes Pressure-state-Response (P-S-R) model to select frequently-used indexes, which represent the features of urban society, economy, and ecosystem environment. Through public survey and the analysis of the questionnaires, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (A-H-P) analysis, it prioritizes all the indices and screens out a set of operational eco-security index system according to the principle of monitorability. This method is applied to establish the eco-security monitoring index system for Beijing Eco-Tech Development Zone, therefore to provide basis for dynamic eco-security monitoring for the development and construction of Beijing Eco-Tech Zone.

关键词： Eco-security Monitoring Indicators system Urban Development Zone Beijing

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In situ chemical oxidation of aniline by persulfate with iron(Ⅱ) activation at ambient temperature

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第8期21卷 911-913页

作者： Yong Qing Zhang Wei Lin Huang Donna E.Fennell College of Environmental Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters Ministry of EducationGuangzhou 510006China Department of Environmental Sciences RutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA

The kinetics of aniline degradation by persulfate processes with iron（Ⅱ） activation at ambient temperature was investigated in this *** iron（Ⅱ） as initiator,the oxidation reactions were found to follow a biphasic rate phenomenon：a rapid transformation followed by a slow but sustained oxidation *** the first 30 s,the reaction mainly relies on the persulfate-Fe^（2＋） reaction in which aniline is oxidized *** 30 s,the aniline was still oxidized but the rate of reaction tended to be slower and the rates were clearly *** the initial fast oxidation,the reactions appeared to follow a pseudo-first-order model.

关键词： Persulfate Aniline In situ chemical oxidation

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Energy Efficiencies of Industrial Sectors for China's Major Cities

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 781-791页

作者： Jiansu Mao Yanchun Du Hong Cai Pan Jiang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Improving of eco-efficiency is propitious for resource saving and emission reduction, and thus become a popular way to sustainable development. Industry is the main source of energy consumption and GHGS emissions of China, thus analyzing of energy efficiencies for industrial sectors of major cities may provide essential information for restructuring of industrial system and energy saving & emission reduction. In this article, based on a framework of relationship between industry and its environment, the energy consumption by industry (or its sectors) is taken as environmental impact, and the energy efficiency is defined. Chongqing, Guangzhou and Tianjin are selected as the major cities, their present industrial engery efficiencies are estimated as 0.527, 0.946, and 1.019 wanyuan/ktce, respectively. On the basis of statistic data, the present energy efficiencies of 39 industrial sectors for the three selected cities are estimated. The results show that the eco-efficiencies of 39 industry sectors are equilibrium in sectors and cities, which exhibites that the order of industrial sectors in energy efficiency will vary with cities, and even for a same industry sector, the energy efficiency may have several folds of difference for different cities. Meanwhile, for a same city, the values of energy efficiency for different industrial sectors may range from centuplicate to several thousand folds. It indicates that there is a great possibility for energy saving & emission reduction in restructuring of industry system.

关键词： Restructure environmental impact energy-saving & emission reduction industrial sectors energy efficiency

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Investigation of water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake, China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 737-748页

作者： Ying Zhao Zhifeng Yang Yingxia Li School of Environment Beijing Normal University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing 100875 China

To delineate the water quality of Baiyangdian Lake, North China, a ten-year analysis (2000-2009) of the variations on water quality parameters were conducted in the lake. The results showed that the variation of pollution indexes for TP, TN and NH 4+ took a larger fluctuation and two “pollution peaks” appeared in 2000 and 2006 in the comprehensive pollution index curve. A simple model was subsequently used to analyze the response of Baiyangdian Lake when the nutrients loading rates were changed. This model described the variations of lake parameters related with nutrients concentrations. It also suggested that maximum tolerance discharges of total phosphorus and nitrogen to Baiyangdian Lake is 10 tons/year and 437.5 tons/year, respectively.

关键词： Water pollution human activity Baiyangdian Lake nutrients water environment

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Response of Freshwater Biofilm to pollution and ecosystem in Baiyangdian Lake of China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1759-1769页

作者： Wang Xuemei Liu Jingling Ma Muyuan Yang Zhifeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control & School of Environment Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

An experimental study was undertaken to highlight the potential applicability of biofilms as biomonitors forming simultaneously on natural and artificial substrata in Baiyngdian Lake(China).We investigated the responses of freshwater biofilm in 8 site of Baiyngdian Lake and compared with control site (a reservoir) to assess the relative health of water. Exposure to pollution and its impact on biofilms were assessed by measuring the biomass production, Chlorophyll concentration, the algal composition, extracellular enzyme activity of bacterial communities and Polysaccharide content. This relation between the biological characters of biofilms and water quality were discussed, and the relative health of regions were demonstrated by the degree of deviation based on bioflim indicator in the following order: Fu river (S4) < Duan cun (S8) < Nan Liuzhuang (S5) < Wang jiazai (S1) < Cai putai (S7) < Zao lingzhuang (S2)< Shao Chedian (S3).. The result indicated that biofilm can provide information for pollution detection and ecological health assessment of water, and biofilm on aritificial substrata was recommended for biomonitoring in the Baiyangdian Lake.

关键词： Freshwater biofilm community analyses Biomonitoring Substrata

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Heavy metals in water, soils and plants in riparian wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 1344-1354页

作者： Honggang Zhang Baoshan Cui Rong Xiao Hui Zhao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Samples collected from sites of 26 for water, soils and two native plants (Scirpus tripueter Linn. and Cyperus malaccensis Lam.) in riparian wetlands were analyzed to investigate the distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in Panyu-Nansha area of Pearl River estuary. The results indicated that concentrations of heavy metals among three compartments were in the order: soils > plants > water and no obvious correlations were found between in soils and water, water and plants. Pb is the only metal accumulated in both plants that correlated with its concentrations in soils. The weak or lack correlations among metals in water, soils and plants suggest that other factors existed influence the metal uptake and storage in plants other than absorbing from soils and water. The plants had the same trend in metal accumulation that was Cd > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb. The translocation factors showed that metals accumulation was mostly occurred in roots for these two plants. Compared to the other heavy metals, Cd seemed to be much more hazardous. Principal Component analysis and Cluster analysis were used to analyze the relevance of different metals and identify the major sources. The results showed two factors dominated the metals variability (83.4% of total variance) that Cd and Pb, were dominated by PC1 whereas Cr, Cu and Ni charged by another factors and Zn was affected by both two components. Analysis of CA for the sampling sites showed that among all of anthropogenic pollutions, industrial wastewater was major sources of heavy metals especially for Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in the PRE.

关键词： Riparian wetlands Heavy metals Pearl River estuary Panyu-Nansha area

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Carbon emissions from energy combustion in rural China

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Procedia environmental Sciences 2010年 2卷 980-989页

作者： L.X. Zhang C.B. Wang Z.F. Yang B. Chen State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Carbon emissions from rural energy combustion have not been successfully addressed in the existing accounting system since incomplete data of rural energy consumption and exclusion of emissions from combustion of biofuels in the sectoral or national totals to avoid double counting. Presented in this paper were estimations of CO 2 emissions from fuel combustions in rural areas of China from 1979 to 2007 and analysis of their contributions to national energy related CO 2 emissions, to highlight the important role rural energy plays in regard to climate change and potential capacity for carbon abatement in rural areas. The temporal variations of CO 2 emission in rural areas was also analyzed with regard to total emissions, intensity and source structure, which could provide a novel perspective to our GHGs reduction strategies and related policy making. The results showed that the CO 2 emissions in rural China have constantly increased from 8.89×10 8 tons in 1979 to 28.74×10 8 tons in 2007. Commercial energy has become the dominant force of CO2 emissions in rural China, most of which is mainly derived from the consumption of coal and electricity. The proportion of carbon emissions from rural areas to nationwide underwent an inverted U-curve trend if biomass energy was ignored, with a peak at 47.40% in 2000. The situation becomes absolutely different when considering about biomass. For a long time (from 1979 to 2001), rural energy related carbon emissions has maintained a greatly high proportion in total carbon emissions with a fluctuations between 45.13% and 56.31%. The proportion of carbon emission in rural areas has declined since 2002, but still up 40.99% in 2007.

关键词： Rural energy Carbon emissions Biomass Low carbon economy

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NO_x Release from Snow and Ice Covered Surface in Polar Regions and the Tibetan Plateau

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2011年第3期000卷

作者： Feng Wang Weili Lin Junxia Wang Tong Zhu Centre for Atmosphere Watch & Services Meteorological Observation CentreChina Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China China Quality Certification Center Beijing 100070 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The exchanges of NOx between snow and air have significant impact on the atmospheric components and photochemical processes in the overlying boundary *** exchanges increase the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and may have a crucial impact on the air signals that are retrieved from ice *** the recent years,sunlit snow and ice have been demonstrated to be important NOx sources in the polar atmospheric boundary *** paper makes a thorough review on the release of NOx from snow and ice,including field observations and experimental evidences,release mechanisms and influential parameters that affect such a release process,polar NOx concentrations and fluxes,and environmental impacts of the chemical processes of NOx in the polar atmospheric boundary *** the Tibetan Plateau,the released NOx observed recently in the sunlit snow/ice-cover is 1-order magnitude more than that in polar regions,but further scientific research is still needed to reveal its impact on the atmospheric oxidizing capacity.

关键词： NOx exchange between snow and air polar area atmospheric oxidizing capacity Tibetan Plateau

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Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Three‐Dimensional Ordered Macroporous Structure: Dynamic Photonic Materials†

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Angewandte Chemie 2011年第52期123卷

作者： Yi‐nan Wu Fengting Li Wei Zhu Jiecheng Cui Cheng‐an Tao Changxu Lin Phillip M. Hannam Guangtao Li College of Environmental Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University 200092 Shanghai (China) Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronic and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing (China)

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