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Impact of land-cover and climate changes on runoff of the source regions of the Yellow River

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2004年第3期14卷 330-338页

作者：李道峰田英刘昌明 HAO Fanghua State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education Institute of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Dept. of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education Institute of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 ChinaInst. Of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearhCASBeijing 100101China

After dividing the source regions of the Yellow River into 38 sub-basins, thepaper made use of the SWAT model to simulate streamflow with validation and calibration of theobserved yearly and monthly runoff data from the Tangnag hydrological station, and simulationresults are satisfactory. Five land-cover scenario models and 24 sets of temperature andprecipitation combinations were established to simulate annual runoff and runoff depth underdifferent scenarios. The simulation shows that with the increasing of vegetation coverage annualrunoff increases and evapotranspiration decreases in the basin. When temperature decreases by 2℃and precipitation increases by 20%, catchment runoff will increase by 39.69%, which is the largestsituation among all scenarios.

关键词： distributed hydrological model source regions of the Yellow River scenariosimulation changing environment

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Distributions of dimethylsulfide in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea of China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 762-767页

作者： HU Min TANG Xiao-yan LI Jin-long MA Qi-ju State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China.

Dimethylsulfide(DMS) measurements in the surface seawater of China eastern coastline were conducted during March 9—10, 1993 in Bohai Sea along the cruise from Dalian to Tianjin and during September 24—25, 1994 in Yellow Sea along the cruise from Shanghai to Qingdao. On the cruise in Bohai Sea DMS concentrations varied from 0.11 to 2.63 nmol/L with an average of 1.31 nmol/L, while DMS flux was estimated to be 0.85 μmol/(m 2·d) with the range of 0.04—3.12 μmol/(m 2·d). On the cruise in Yellow Sea DMS concentrations varied from 0.95 to 7.48 nmol/L with an average of 2.89 nmol/L, and DMS flux was estimated to be 7.94 μmol/(m 2·d) with the range of 0.11—18.88 μmol/(m 2·d). Variations in DMS concentrations along the latitude in Yellow Sea were observed larger than those along the longitude in Bohai Sea. DMS concentrations and fluxes had a similar spatial trend both in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea with the correlation coefficients of 0.75 and 0.64, respectively.

关键词： dimethylsulfide sea-to-air flux China Bohai Sea China Yellow Sea

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Heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第21期48卷 2267-2276页

作者： DING Jie & ZHU Tong state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, College of environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhu Tong (e-mail:tzhu@ ***) State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University China

Fine particles play an important role in the atmosphere. Research on heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles is one of the frontier areas of atmospheric science. In this paper, physical and chemical characteristics of fine particles in the atmosphere and the interactions between trace gases and fine particles are described, methods used in heterogeneous reactions research are discussed in detail, progress in the study of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles in the atmosphere is summarized, existing important questions are pointed out and future research directions are suggested.

关键词：细微颗粒大气科学多相反应空气动力学

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Characteristics of observed trace gaseous pollutants in the Yangtze Delta

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第4期46卷 397-404页

作者：王会祥唐孝炎王木林颜鹏王韬邵可声曾立民杜惠芳陈立民 Center of Environmental Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Peking University Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University

Six stations in the Yangtze Delta were set up to measure minute-average ground-level concentrations of NO, NOx, SO2, CO and O3 from May, 1999 to Oct., 2000 continually. The per-centage of total valid data of all sites was over 80%. The observed data were of adequate regional representation. The individual mean value of NO, NOx, SO2 and CO in the six selected sites was much higher than that of background level. Strong seasonal variations of observed data in the sites were expounded with peaks in winter. These showed that the air had been contaminated by anthropogenic pollutants. The highest monthly mixing ratios of O3 were found in May or June, and an ozone episode in September.

关键词： Yangtze Delta, gaseous pollutants, tropospheric ozone.

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Microbial dehalogenation of trichlorophenol by a bacterial consortium: characterization and mechanism

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Science China Chemistry 2003年第2期46卷 207-215页

作者：王建龙 Laboratory of Environmental Technology Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Chlorinated phenolic compounds are a class of toxic and refractory organic pollutants. The pollution caused by chlorophenols poses serious ecological and environmental problems. A stable bacterial consortium capable of reductively dechlorinating trichlorophenol was isolated using chlorophenol as the sole source of carbon and energy. The physiological characteristics of the mixed cultures were studied and the results show that the consortium could use pyruvate as the carbon and energy source. The fermentation of pyruvate, sulfate reduction and dechlorination process proceeded strictly in succession within this consortium. The effect of specific inhibitors on the dechlorinating activity of the consortium was investigated, and the results indicate that sulfate and molybdate (1 mmol/L) have a strong inhibitive influence on the dechlorination activity. Fluo-rescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique was applied to analyzing the composition of the consortium and the results reveal that one major subpopulation within the consortium was phy-logenetically affiliated to gamma and delta subclass of Proteobacteria.

关键词： chlorophenol biodegradation sulfate-reducing bacteria methanogenic bacteria specific inhibitor persistent organic pollutants. Chlorinated aromatic compounds are a class of widely used toxic and refractory organic

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Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Novel Gel Adsorbent Synthesized from Natural Condensed Tannin

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2003年第4期11卷 426-430页

作者：占新民赵璇 AKANE Miyazaki YOSHIO Nakano State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Section of Environmental Technology Institute of Nuclear Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China Department of Environmental Chemistry and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Nagatsuta 4259 Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8502 Japan

Lead has caused serious environmental pollution due to its toxicity, accumulation in food chains and persistence in nature. In this paper, removal of lead from aqueous solutions is investigated using a novel gel adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. The novel adsorbent performs in aqueous solutions as a weak base with valid basic groups of 1.2mmol·g-1 tannin gel particles and therefore results in the elevation of pH value of aqueous solutions. Even when initial pH is 3.6, final pH at equilibrium can climb up to 6.5 that is above the pH value for Pb(OH)2 precipitation formation and then lead can be removed from wastewater by this so-called surface precipitation. The adsorption isotherm can be expressed by the Langmuir equation and the maximum capacity for adsorption of Pb is up to 92 mg·g-1 (based on dry adsorbent) when initial pH value is 3.6. Hence, the adsorbent does offer favorable properties in lead removal with respect to its high adsorption capacity at low initial pH value, which is advantageous to lead removal from acidic wastewater. A model is put forward to describe the individual adsorption phenomenon of the tannin gel adsorbent.

关键词： condensed tannin lead removal surface precipitation tannin gel adsorbent

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Growth feature of biomass of Lemna aequinoctialis and Spirodela polyrrhiza in medium with nutrient character of wastewater

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Surface Mining - Braunkohle and Other Minerals 2003年第1期55卷 59-64页

作者： Chong, Yun-Xiao Hu, Hong-Ying Qian, Yi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Join Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

Duckweeds have an important potential in nutrient recovery from wastewater because of their rapid multiplication and high protein content in biomass. The growth rate of duckweed biomass has a direct relationship with nutrient removal and recovery. With laboratory experiments of batch culture and continuous culture, the growth curves of two duckweed species, Lemna aequinoctialis and Spirodela polyrrhiza, cultivated in different media were gotten and fitted by Logistic model. The effect of nitrogen on growth of duckweed was evaluated. Experimental results indicated that the growth curve had characteristic of sigmoidal shape and the growth rate had density-dependent characteristic. Results of statistical analysis demonstrated that Logistic model is suitable to describe the growth of single duckweed specie. The maximal growth rate from regression in medium with ammonia nitrogen was lower than those in medium with nitrate nitrogen. The maximal growth rate of Lemna aequinoctialis was higher than Spirodela polyrrhiza The paper also discussed the application of Logistic model in harvesting of duckweed biomass from wastewater.

关键词： Biomass

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Regular pattern of non-point source pollutants losses in Luxi watershed

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Surface Mining - Braunkohle and Other Minerals 2003年第1期55卷 108-112页

作者： Hu, Yuan-An Cheng, Sheng-Tong Jia, Hai-Feng Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Point Joint Laboratory Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The losses of non-point pollutant combined with natural rainfall events were monitored at outlets of Luxi watershed and several field plots with different land use. The paper probes characteristics of the sediment and chemical losses during a single rainfall-runoff process. The impact of preceding precipitation is also discussed. The results of field experiments show that the concentration of SS in runoff dropped off obviously with the increase of antecedent rainfall. The observed data were 265.6, 145.8, 124.2mg/L respectively with precipitation of 15, 115, 161 mm in preceding 5 days. Compared to the losses of SS, nutrients and COD were not changed greatly by the preceding rainfalls. The fluctuations of pollutant concentration were less than 15%. The results from plots suggested that land use play an important role in pollutant losses. The following is the list ordered according to concentration of pollutant in runoff, from the highest to the lowest: Dry land, residential area, grassland,woodland and paddy land. Vegetation cover is effective on the reduction of soil erosion and sediment loss. About 80% SS could be cut down when the coverage changed from 50% to 90%. Losses of TN were mainly determined by the TN concentration in *** ratios of TN concentration in runoff to that in soil were 2.75%, 2.79%, 2.42% respectively for the land use of dry land, grassland and woodland. Augment of vegetation overage contributed to increment of N losses, including NO3- -N and NH1 +-N.

关键词： Watersheds

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Influence of humic substance in solids on CODMn of the Yellow River

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Surface Mining - Braunkohle and Other Minerals 2003年第1期55卷 132-135页

作者： Meng, Li-Hong Xia, Xing-Hui State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Experiments were carried out to study the influence of humic substance in solids (Loess soil) on CODMn in the Yellow River. Several significant results were abtained from the study: (1) The total CODMn of water sample including liquid and solid phases increased significantly with the increase of solid content;The CODMn of liquid phase of water sample under pre-treatment with acid (LPWSPC) also increased significantly with the increase of solid content while that without pre-treatment did not increased significantly. (2) With the increasing of solid content, the total BOD 5 of water sample increased much slower than the total COD Mn and the CODMn of LPWSPC. (3) The humic substances with the content of 0.76% in solids (Loess soil) contributed greatly to the total CODMn of water sample. When the solid contents were 7.5 g/L and 15.0 g/L, the humic substances in solids accounted for 15.9 % and 21.7 % of the total CODMn of water sample, respectively. (4) When solid contents were 7.5 g/L and 15.0 g/L, fulvic acid, one of the main compositions of humic substance contributed to 23.6% and 50.6% of the CODMn of LPWSPC, respectively. Since the fulvic acid can hardly be biologically oxidized under natural conditions, the CODMn of LPWSPC in water quality monitoring exaggerates the oxygen-consuming organic contamination of the Yellow River.

关键词： Chemical oxygen demand

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Biogenic Isoprene Emission Mechanism from ^(13)CO_2 Exposure Experiments

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第9期13卷 897-900页

作者： Min SHAO state Joint key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, Center for environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Biogenic isoprene emissions have been believed to be from only photosynthesis processes in plant. However nocturnal isoprene emission from pine is detected. And by feeding 13CO2 to plants, it is found that both photos... 详细信息

关键词： Emissions volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 13C labeling isoprene.

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