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Ways to assess hydrogen production via life cycle analysis

Science of the Total Environment 2025年 977卷 179355页

作者： Chen, Yang Guo, Wenshan Ngo, Huu Hao Chen, Zhuo Wei, Chunhai Bui, Xuan Thanh Van Tung, Tra Zhang, Huiying Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou350002 China Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Civil Engineering Guangzhou University Guangzhou510006 China Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh70000 Viet Nam

As global energy demand increases and reliance on fossil fuels becomes unsustainable, hydrogen presents a promising clean energy alternative due to its high energy density and potential for significant CO2 emission reductions. However, current hydrogen production methods largely depend on fossil fuels, contributing to considerable CO2 emissions and underscoring the need to transition to renewable energy sources and improved production technologies. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is essential for evaluating and optimizing hydrogen production by assessing environmental impacts such as Global Warming Potential (GWP), energy consumption, toxicity, and water usage. The key findings indicate that energy sources and feedstocks heavily influence the environmental impacts of hydrogen production. Hydrogen production from renewable energy sources, particularly wind, solar, and hydropower, demonstrates significantly lower environmental impacts than grid electricity and fossil fuel-based methods. Conversely, hydrogen production from grid electricity primarily derived from fossil fuels shows a high GWP. Furthermore, challenges related to data accuracy, economic analysis integration, and measuring mixed gases are discussed. Future research should focus on improving data accuracy, assessing the impact of technological advancements, and exploring new hydrogen production methods. Harmonizing assessment methodologies across different production pathways and standardizing functional units, such as "1 kg of hydrogen produced, " are critical for enabling transparent and consistent sustainability evaluations. Techniques such as stochastic modelling and Monte Carlo simulations can improve uncertainty management and enhance the reliability of LCA results. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Clean energy

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Chemical compositions of precipitation and scavenging of particles in Beijing

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Science China Chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 265-272页

作者： HU Min ZHANG Jing WU Zhijun State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Totally 23 precipitation samples were collected in Beijing from May to November in 2003. In order to investigate the chemical composition of precipitation samples, pH, conductivity, concentrations of water-soluble ions and organic acids were analyzed. The average pH of pre-cipitations is 6.18, belonging to the neutral range; the average conductivity is 52.23 μS/cm, which indicates that precipitations in Beijing are obviously polluted; SO 24? , NO3 ? are the most abundant anions with the average concentrations of 521 and 174 μeq·L?1, respectively; the average 2SO 4? /NO3? equivalent ratio is 3.1, which decreases by about 15% compared with the result of 1994; NH+ 4 and Ca2+ are the most abundant cations with the average concentrations of 376 and 397 μeq·L?1, respectively; formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid are the main organic acids with the average concentrations of 4.62, 4.60 and 1.17 μeq·L?1, respectively, accounting for 2% of the overall anions. Obvious differences between concentrations before and after precipitation are also observed by SJAC (Steam Jet Aerosol Collector), which shows the removal of particles from the atmosphere by precipitation.

关键词： precipitation, particles, ions, organic acids, scavenging.

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NSVineCopula: R package for modeling non-stationary multivariate dependence

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environmental Modelling and Software 2025年 190卷

作者： Zhang, Q. Li, Y.P. Huang, G.H. Huang, X.M. Wang, H. Wang, Z. Xu, Z.P. Wang, Y.Y. Shen, Z.Y. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Institute for Global Change Studies Tsinghua University Beijing100875 China Institute for Energy Environment and Sustainable Communities University of Regina ReginaSKS4S0A2 Canada

A vine copula is a flexible method for multivariate dependence simulations that assumes stationarity. However, only a few studies have focused on non-stationarity and comprehensively developed nonstationary vine copula functions. In this study, a novel R package, NSVineCopula was developed and presented. Canonical-vine and Drawable-vine structure with 36 bivariate copula functions were considered in NSVineCopula. This package is capable of capturing non-stationary multivariate dependence, providing time-varying parameters for each bivariate copula, and quantifying the conditional probability. Notably, NSVineCopula provides a simple way for sampling non-stationary vine copulas. The capability of NSVineCopula was evaluated through two case studies: (1) agricultural drought risk assessment under compound dry-hot extreme conditions and water level prediction. The results demonstrate the advantages of NSVineCopula in non-stationary multivariate dependence analysis, and highlights the potential of NSVineCopula in many fields. Overall, NSVineCopula can provide valuable and robust functionalities for modeling nonstationary multivariate dependence. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Copula Multivariate dependence Non-stationarity R package Vine copula

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Coexistence of cyanobacteria and microplastics in eutrophic lake ecosystems: Interactions and combined effects

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Critical Reviews in environmental Science and Technology 2025年

作者： Wang, Yuewei Yu, Hongwei Cao, Xiaofeng Qi, Weixiao Peng, Jianfeng Liu, Huijuan Qu, Jiuhui State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Center for Water and Ecology Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Center for Ecological Civilization Tsinghua University Beijing China Center of Tsinghua Think Tanks Tsinghua University Beijing China

Cyanobacteria and microplastics (MPs) inevitably coexist in eutrophic lake ecosystems, potentially posing considerable ecological risks. However, systematic summaries and discussions exploring their interactions and effects on ecosystem structure and function remain scarce. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the biological effects of MPs on cyanobacteria, the impact of cyanobacterial biofouling on MP properties and behavior, and their combined effects on aquatic organisms and biogeochemical cycles in eutrophic lake ecosystems. MPs induce oxidative stress in cyanobacteria mainly through physical damage and stimulation of reactive oxidative species generation. Owing to the different sensitivities of different species to MPs, changes in cyanobacterial community composition and structure have been observed under coexposure conditions. Furthermore, cyanobacterial colonization can influence biofilm formation and accelerate the degradation and sedimentation of MPs. The coexistence of cyanobacteria with MPs in eutrophic lakes may exert additional stress on aquatic ecosystems, which are classified mainly as joint toxicity to aquatic organisms and long-term effects on biogeochemical cycles. Finally, we propose future research directions in this field, with particular emphasis on the profound combined and cascading effects of cyanobacteria and MPs on ecosystem structure and function. This paper offers valuable insights into the assessment and control of the integrated ecological risks associated with eutrophication and MP pollution. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Combined effects cyanobacteria eutrophication Hongbo Li interactions lake ecosystems microplastics

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Differentiated emission control strategy based on comprehensive evaluation of multi-media pollution:Case of mercury emission control

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 222-234页

作者： Dongwei Lv Qingru Wu Daiwei Ouyang Minneng Wen Gehui Zhang Shuxiao Wang Lei Duan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

In order to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact of multi-media mercury pollution under differentiated emission control strategies in China,a literature review and case studies were carried *** human exposure to methylmercury was assessed through the dietary intake of residents in areas surrounding a typical coal-fired power plant and a zinc(Zn)smelter,located either on acid soil with paddy growth in southern China,or on alkaline soil with wheat growth in northern *** with knowledge on speciated mercury in flue gas and the fate of mercury in the wastewater or solid waste of the typical emitters applying different air pollution control devices,a simplified model was developed by estimating the incremental daily intake of methylmercury from both local and global *** indicated that air pollution control for coal-fired power plants and Zn smelters can greatly reduce health risks from mercury pollution,mainly through a reduction in global methylmercury exposure,but could unfortunately induce local methylmercury exposure by transferring more mercury from flue gas to wastewater or solid waste,then contaminating surrounding soil,and thus increasing dietary intake via ***,tightening air emission control is conducive to reducing the comprehensive health risk,while the environmental equity between local and global pollution control should be fully *** in the south tends to have higher bioconcentration factors than wheat in the north,implying the great importance of strengthening local pollution control in the south,especially for Zn smelters with higher contribution to local pollution.

关键词： Mercury emission Methylmercury Heavy metal Bioconcentration factor Estimated daily intake Health risk assessment

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Effect of CH3OOH on the atmospheric concentration of OH radicals

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第11期16卷 1141-1149页

作者： WANG Caixia and CHEN Zhongming**(The state key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, College of environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China) [a]The state key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China

Methyl hydroperoxide （CH3OOH, MHP） is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HOx and ROx radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals... 详细信息

Methyl hydroperoxide （CH_{3OOH, MHP） is known to be a significant sink and reservoir of HO_{x and RO_{x radicals in the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of MHP on the concentration of atmospheric OH radicals, two key gas-phase reactions of MHP, i.e. the reactions with OH radicals and with UV photolysis, have been simulated at temperature of 293±2 K and total pressure of 1.01×105 Pa, using the long path Fourier transform infrared （LP-FTIR） spectrometry. OH radicals are generated by the photolysis of O3 in the presence of water vapor. Combined with the relative rate method, the reaction rate constant of MHP with OH radicals is determined to be （3.99±0.15）×10 -12 cm3·molecule -1 ·s -1 , and thus the atmospheric lifetime of MHP is estimated at 2.9 days. Furthermore, from detailed analysis of the UV photolysis of MHP, the yield of OH radicals is obtained to be 0.91±0.04. Based on the MHP atmospheric lifetime and the yield of OH radicals, it is concluded that MHP plays an essential role in the redistribution of OH radicals in the troposphere.}}}

关键词： OH radicals methyl hydroperoxide rate coefficient UV photolysis gas-phase reaction LP-FTIR.

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Accurate prediction of air quality response to emissions for effective control policy design

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第1期123卷 116-126页

作者： Min Cao Jia Xing Shovan Kumar Sahu Lei Duan Junhua Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Designing effective control policy requires accurate quantification of the relationship between the ambient concentrations of O3and PM2.5and the emissions of their ***,the challenge is that precursor reduction does not necessarily lead to decreases in the concentrations of O3and PM2.5,which are formed by multiple precursors under complex physical and chemical processes;this calls for the development of advanced model technologies to provide accurate predictions of the nonlinear responses of air quality to *** from the traditional sensitivity analysis and source apportionment methods,the reduced form models(RFMs)based on chemical transport models(CTMs)are able to quantify air quality responses to emissions more accurately and efficiently with lower computational *** we review recent approaches used in RFMs and compare their structures,advantages and disadvantages,performance and *** general,RFMs are classified into three types including(1)sensitivity-based models,(2)models with simplified chemistry and physical processes,and(3)statistical models,with considerable differences in principles,characteristics and application *** prediction of nonlinear responses by RFMs enables more in-depth analysis,not only in terms of real-time prediction of concentrations and quantification of human exposure,health impacts and economic damage,but also in optimizing control ***,data assimilation and emission inventory inversion based on the nonlinear response of concentrations to emissions can also be greatly beneficial to air pollution control *** future studies,improvement in the performance of CTMs is exceedingly crucial to obtain a more reliable baseline for the prediction of air quality *** of models to determine the air quality response to emissions under varying meteorological conditions is also necessary in the context of future climate changes,which pose great challenges to the qua

关键词： Air pollution Nonlinear response Air quality management Reduced form models(RFMs) Precursor emissions

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Impacts of emissions and meteorological changes on China’s ozone pollution in the warm seasons of 2013 and 2017

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第5期13卷 129-137页

作者： Dian Ding Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

We have quantified the impacts of anthropogenic emissions reductions caused by the Air pollution control Action Plan and changes in meteorological fields between 2013 and 2017 on the warm-season O3 concentration in China using a regional 3D chemical transport model. We found that the impact on daily maximum eight-hour (MDA8) O3 concentration by the meteorological variation that mostly increased O3 was greater than that from emission reduction, which decreased O3. Specifically, the control measures implemented since 2013 in China have reduced SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOC emissions by 33%, 25%, 30%, and 4% in 2017, while NH3 emissions have increased by 7%. The changes in anthropogenic emissions lowered MDA8 O3 by 0.4–3.7 ppb (0.8%–7.6%, varying by region and month), although MDA8 O3 was increased slightly in some urban areas (i.e. North China) at the beginning/end of warm seasons. Relative to 2013, the average 2 m temperature in 2017 shows increments in North, North-east, East, and South China (0.34℃–0.83℃) and decreases in Central China (0.24℃). The average solar radiation shows increments in North, North-east, and South China (7.0–9.7 w/m2) and decreases in Central, South-west, and North-west China (4.7–10.3 w/m2). The meteorological differences significantly change MDA8 O3 by -3.5–8.5 ppb (-8.2%–18.8%) with large temporal variations. The average MDA8 O3 was slightly increased in North, North-east, East, and South China. The response surface model suggests that the O3 formation regime transfers from NOx-saturated in April to NOx-limited in July on average in China.

关键词： O3 pollution Meteorological influences Emission reduction NOx VOC

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Vehicular volatile organic compounds losses due to refueling and diurnal process in China: 2010–2050

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第7期27卷 88-96页

作者： Xiaofan Yang Huan Liu Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man Mingliang Fu Jiming Hao Kebin He School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） are crucial to control air pollution in major Chinese cities since VOCs are the dominant factor influencing ambient ozone level, and also an important precursor of secondary organic aerosols. Vehicular evaporative emissions have become a major and growing source of VOC emissions in China. This study consists of lab tests, technology evaluation, emissions modeling, policy projections and cost-benefit analysis to draw a roadmap for China for controlling vehicular evaporative emissions. The analysis suggests that evaporative VOC emissions from China＇s light-duty gasoline vehicles were approximately 185,000 ton in 2010 and would peak at 1,200,000 ton in 2040 without control. The current control strategy implemented in China, as shown in business as usual（BAU） scenario, will barely reduce the long-term growth in emissions. Even if Stage II gasoline station vapor control policies were extended national wide（BAU ＋ extended Stage II）, there would still be over 400,000 ton fuel loss in 2050. In contrast, the implementation of on-board refueling vapor recovery（ORVR） on new cars could reduce 97.5% of evaporative VOCs by 2050（BAU ＋ ORVR/BAU ＋ delayed ORVR）. According to the results, a combined Stage II and ORVR program is a comprehensive solution that provides both short-term and long-term benefits. The net cost to achieve the optimal total evaporative VOC control is approximately 62 billion CNY in 2025 and 149 billion CNY in 2050.

关键词： Evaporative VOC emissions China roadmap Vehicle Refueling emission control

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Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 9-16页

作者： Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the *** has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control ***,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health *** emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the *** we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control *** main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging *** further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various *** the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.

关键词： Air pollution China Health impact Air quality standards GHGs Emerging pollutants

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