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Design and experimental study of a field-reversed configuration plasma thruster prototype

Plasma Science and technology 2025年第3期 122-130页

作者：黄宇轩张明杨勇吕方伟易霄鹏吕超凡张毅松饶波 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Lanzhou Institute of Physics

The field-reversed configuration（FRC） plasma thruster driven by rotating magnetic field（RMF）, abbreviated as the RMF-FRC thruster, is a new type of electric propulsion technology that is expected to accelerate the deep space exploration. An experimental prototype, including diagnostic devices, was designed and constructed based on the principles of the RMF-FRC thruster,with an RMF frequency of 210 kHz and a maximum peak current of 2 kA. Under the rated operating conditions, the initial plasma density was measured to be 5 × 1017m-3, and increased to 2.2 × 1019m-3after the action of RMF. The coupling efficiency of RMF was about 53%, and the plasma current reached 1.9 kA. The axial magnetic field changed in reverse by 155 Gauss,successfully reversing the bias magnetic field of 60 Gauss, which verifies the formation of FRC plasma. After optimization research, it was found that when the bias magnetic field is 100 Gauss,the axial magnetic field reverse variation caused by FRC is the highest at 164 Gauss. The experimental results are discussed and strategies are proposed to improve the performance of the prototype.

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Grid Forming Converters in Renewable Energy Sources Dominated Power Grid:Control Strategy,Stability,Application,and Challenges

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第6期9卷 1239-1256页

作者： Haobo Zhang Wang Xiang Weixing Lin Jinyu Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology TBEA Sunoasis Company Ltd. the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

The renewable energy sources(RESs)dominated power grid is an envisaged infrastructure of the future power system,where the commonly used grid following(GFL)control for grid-tied converters suffers from lacking grid support capability,low stability,***,emerging grid forming(GFM)control methods have been proposed to improve the dynamic performance and stability of grid-tied *** paper reviews existing GFM control methods for the grid-tied converters and compares them in terms of control structure,grid support capability,fault current limiting,and *** the impact of fault current limiting strategies,a comprehensive transient stability analysis is *** addition,this paper explores the typical applications of GFM converters,such as AC microgrid and offshore wind farm high-voltage direct current(OWF-HVDC)integration ***,the challenges to the GFM converters in future applications are discussed.

关键词： Grid following(GFL)control grid forming(GFM)control high-voltage direct current(HVDC) microgrid renewable energy small-signal stability transient stability

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Utility-Driven Collaborative Task Computation Transfer for Vehicular Digital Twin Networks

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Liu, Jiajia Lu, Yunlong Wu, Hao Dai, Yueyue Ma, Guoyu Sun, Chen Beijing Jiaotong University State Key Lab of Advanced Rail Autonomous Operation the School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing100044 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Research Laboratory Beijing100027 China

Vehicular digital twin networks (VDTN) is an emerging paradigm integrating physical vehicular networks with their virtual digital twins (DT) mirror, enabling real-time mapping, simulation, and optimization of complex systems. However, constrained resources, high data synchronization costs, and dynamic network conditions in vehicular networks may degrade the performance of DT. We consider the interaction between task performance guarantees and node resource constraints to adaptively determine collaborative task computation transfer optimization in VDTN. In this paper, we design a semantic-aware multi-task vehicular digital twin network model, where vehicles extract semantic representations to achieve lightweight data transmission and efficient DT synchronization. We formulate a problem of maximizing the average utility of DT tasks by jointly considering the synchronization performance of DT tasks and the resource consumption among heterogeneous nodes. To solve the formulated problem, we develop a dynamic collaborative task computation transfer algorithm involving the high mobility of vehicles and heterogeneous resources of nodes. The algorithm is optimized in two phases to maximize average utility. A coarse-grained policy space is first obtained through an adaptive multi-agent deep reinforcement learning approach, aiming to alleviate the policy space explosion caused by dynamic task requirements and heterogeneous node collaboration. Subsequently, a fine-grained policy is derived via a resource-aware refinement mechanism. Numerical results validate the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed algorithm. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Optimal Allocation and Two-Level Control of Reactive Power for Balancing Voltage and Power Factor of Renewable Energy Stations

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xinhao Zhou, Hongyu Yao, Wei Xiong, Yongxin Ruan, Yimin Xiao, Bitao Wen, Jinyu Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 999077 Hong Kong Guodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd. Nanjing 210032 China

Renewable energy stations(RES) must satisfy voltage security and power factor requirements for safe and efficient operation. However, these requirements often conflict, posing challenges in practical applications. This paper first analyzes the constraints and identifies the boundary of RES voltage regulation capability under power factor constraints. Building on the analysis, an optimal allocation and two-level control (TLC) of reactive power is proposed. It integrates the optimization of reactive power compensator (RPC) with the coordinated control of reactive resources, thereby balancing voltage regulation and power factor. From the allocation perspective, an RPC optimization method is proposed to maximize the feasible voltage range of RES under varying active power conditions of RES. From the control perspective, a TLC scheme is proposed, combining station and unit control. At the station level, the controller features a mode-switching function and calculates the overall reactive power reference value. At the unit level, the controller coordinates the converter-interfaced generations (CIGs) and RPC. Case studies are conducted on a real RES project in Bazhou, Xinjiang, China. Matlab/Simulink and Opal-RT real-time simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances both voltage security and economic efficiency. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： power factor reactive power allocation Renewable energy stations two-level control voltage security

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Influence of 3D helical magnetic perturbations on runaway electron generation in J-TEXT tokamak

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Plasma Science and technology 2025年第3期 40-48页

作者：严伟邹癸南陈忠勇李由方建港林志芳江中和王能超饶波李杨波任正康赵传旭钟昱刘凡溪喻寅龙聂子森周洵盛源孙玉伟周松张晓卿杨州军陈志鹏丁永华 the J-TEXT Team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electrical Engineering&Automation Jiangsu Normal University

A large number of runaway electrons(REs) generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks. The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of RE generation was explored using a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak, which can excite m/n =-2/2 helical magnetic *** evidence shows that the-2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma toward the high-field side, simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations, which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent RE generation. On the other hand,-2/2 magnetic perturbations can also reduce the cooling time during the disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs, which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress RE generation. The critical helical coil current was found to correlate with electron density, requiring higher coil currents at higher densities. According to the statistical analysis of RE generation at different electron densities,the applied-2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron densities, which can decrease the threshold electron density for RE *** will be beneficial for RE mitigation in future large tokamak devices.

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New Current Control Method of DC Power Supply for Magnetic Perturbation Coils on J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2014年第11期16卷 1074-1078页

作者：曾武兵丁永华易斌许航宇饶波张明刘明海 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

In order to advance the research on suppressing tearing modes and driving plasma rotation, a DC power supply （PS） system has been developed for dynamic resonant magnetic perturbation （DRMP） coils and applied in the J-TEXT experiment. To enrich experimental phe- nomena in the J-TEXT tokamak, applying the circulating current four-quadrant operation mode in the DRMP DC PS system is proposed. By using the circulating current four-quadrant oper- ation, DRMP coils can be smoothly controlled without the dead-time when the current polarity reverses. Essential circuit analysis, control optimization and simulation of desired scenarios have been performed for normal current. Relevant simulation and test results are also presented.

关键词： DRMP power supply (PS) J-TEXT four-quadrant operation

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Equilibrium Reconstruction and Its Integration in J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2016年第7期18卷 786-790页

作者：张帆徐涛孙新锋张晓卿庄革简翔 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

The equilibrium fitting code （EFIT） and its application in the J-TEXT tokamak are integrated by the Matlab language. The function of analysis and visualization to the results is added. In addition, the experiment data measured by soft X-ray （SXR） are used to calculate plasma equilibrium as a constraint condition. The improved EFIT code is used for J-TEXT discharge and the profiles of plasma parameters such as flux function, safety factor q, pressure and current density are obtained from the reconstructed configurations.

关键词： EFIT integrated operation equilibrium reconstruction

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Plasma Response to Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection in J-TEXT

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Plasma Science and technology 2014年第1期16卷 17-20页

作者：肖金水杨州军庄革胡启明冯先德刘明海 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Recently, hydrogen fueling experiments with supersonic molecular beam injection （SMBI） system have been performed in the J-TEXT tokamak. To evaluate the effects of the in- jection amount of SMBI on plasma behaviors, moderate and intensive SMBs have been separately injected and compared with each other in Ohmic discharges. With moderate SMBs, electron den- sity increases about twice as before, the size of magnetic island slightly decreases, and the edge toroidal rotation speed in a counter-current direction, measured by a high resolution spectrometer （Carbon V ion, 227.09 nm, r/a-= 0.7-0.8）, is accelerated from 8 km/s to 12 km/s. The state of higher electron density with moderate SMBI can be maintained for a long period, which indicates that plasma confinement is improved. However, with intensive SMBs, the accompanied magne- tohydrodynamic （MHD） activities are triggered, and the electron density increases moderately. The edge toroidal velocity is decreased, in certain cases even reversed in the co-current direction. The statistical result of experimental data for moderate and intensive SMBs suggests a preferred fueling amount （less than 3.2 ~ 1019） to improve the SMBI fueling efficiency in experiments.

关键词： SMBI fuelling plasma responses J-TEXT

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Visible-light optical phased array on a thin-film lithium niobate platform for high-speed beam steering

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Optics letters 2025年第9期50卷 3090-3093页

作者： Yongqi Ye Daixin Lian Zhansheng Chen Yantao Dong Gang Bai Bei Li Yiwei Song Shi Zhao Jiachen Wu Jingye Chen Daoxin Dai Yaocheng Shi State Key Laboratory for Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation Center for Optical and Electromagnetic Research International Research Center for Advanced Photonics College of Optical Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology Research Shanghai 201100 China zhansheng.chen@*** Shanghai Radio Equipment Research Institute Shanghai 201100 China

We demonstrate a visible-light optical phased array (OPA) realized on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. The OPA chip integrates 32 channels and independently modulates the phase of each channel through an electro-optic phase shifter for the first time, to our knowledge, exhibiting a rapid response speed. The electro-optic rising edge response time is 12 ns, while the falling edge response time is 14 ns. Additionally, a combination of non-periodic arrays and a slab grating is employed to suppress the grating lobes of far-field beams, thereby achieving a large field of view (FOV) and a small beam divergence. A 32-channel OPA has been demonstrated, showing a FOV of 40° and a beam divergence of 0.41° in the phase tuning direction at 633 nm.

关键词： Beam steering Free space optics Lithium niobate Phase modulation Phased arrays Scanning electron microscopy

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Power dependence of density limit due to plasma-wall interaction in a burning plasma

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Jiaxing Zhu, Ping Escande, Dominique Franck State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison MadisonWI53706 United States Aix-Marseille Université CNRS PIIM UMR 7345 Marseille France

The density limit is one of the major obstacles to achieving the desired fusion performance in tokamaks. However, the underlying physics mechanism for its recently observed power dependence in experiments has not been well understood or predicted in theory. In this work, the power dependent scalings of density limit are obtained based on the plasma-wall self-organization theory [D.F. Escande 2022 NF], which are able to match the power dependence of density limits in multiple tokamak devices. The key factors influencing the power dependence are found to be the plasma-wall sputtering and the particle confinement time. The effects of non-sputtered impurities and fusion products are further evaluated. This PWSO-density limit model is then extended to the burning plasma regime and used to predict the conditions for entering burning plasma. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tokamak devices

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