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Ion-Accumulation-Induced Charge Tunneling for High Gain Factor in P–I–N-Structured Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3X-Ray Detector

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advanced Materials Technologies 2021年第6期7卷

作者： Shanshan Jia Yingrui Xiao Mingxin Hu Xilai He Nuo Bu Nan Li Yucheng Liu Yunxia Zhang Jian Cui Xiaodong Ren Kui Zhao Ming Liu Shubo Wang Ningyi Yuan Jianning Ding Zhou Yang Shengzhong(Frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology Institute for Advanced Energy Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China School of Microelectronics and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China Micro/Nano Science and Technology Center Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China

Lead halide perovskite-based X-ray detectors show very promising sensitivity and low detection limit, which can be used for next-generation, room-temperature radiation detections. It is interesting to find that the diode-structured X-ray detector shows very high photocurrent gain under small reversed bias voltage, which is unusual and should be investigated and understood for better device design. In this regard, a lead halide perovskite-based X-ray detector with the p–i–n structure is fabricated and studied. The p–i–n structured device shows abnormal and excellent photoconductor properties with high photocurrent gain factor under reverse bias. Further device simulation reveals that the ion migration and accumulation in the perovskite material are responsible for the large band-bending at the interface, which may induce charge tunneling to reduce the contact resistance and causes the reverse-biased device to work as a photoconductor rather than a photodiode. This finding provides a new approach to the understanding and design of high-performance X-ray detectors utilizing ionic semiconductors like lead halide perovskites.

关键词： ion migration photoconductive gain X-ray detector

Stabilization of Cu+via Strong Electronic Interaction for Selective and Stable CO2Electroreduction

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第31期134卷

作者： Yixiang Zhou Yebo Yao Rui Zhao Xiaoxuan Wang Zhenzhen Fu Dewei Wang Huaizhi Wang Liang Zhao Wei Ni Zhiyu Yang Yi-Ming Yan State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute Beijing 100076 China

Copper oxide-based materials effectively electrocatalyze carbon dioxide reduction (CO 2 RR). To comprehend their role and achieve high CO 2 RR activity, Cu + in copper oxides must be stabilized. As an electrocatalyst, Cu 2 O nanoparticles were decorated with hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets to stabilize Cu + . The C 2 H 4 /CO ratio increased 1.62-fold in the CO 2 RR with Cu 2 O−BN compared to that with Cu 2 O. Experimental and theoretical studies confirmed strong electronic interactions between the two components in Cu 2 O−BN, which strengthens the Cu−O bonds. Electrophilic h-BN receives partial electron density from Cu 2 O, protecting the Cu−O bonds from electron attack during the CO 2 RR and stabilizing the Cu + species during long-term electrolysis. The well-retained Cu + species enhanced the C 2 product selectivity and improved the stability of Cu 2 O−BN. This work offers new insight into the metal-valence-state-dependent selectivity of catalysts, enabling the design of advanced catalysts.

关键词： CO2 Electroreduction Copper Valence state Cu2O Hexagonal Boron Nitride Strong Electronic Interaction

Asymmetric Heat Transfer with Linear Conductive Metamaterials

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Su, Yishu Li, Ying Qi, Minghong Guenneau, Sebastien Li, Huagen Xiong, Jian Center for Composite Materials and Structures Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang The Electromagnetics Academy of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining314400 China UMI 2004 Abraham de Moivre-CNRS Imperial College London LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore

Asymmetric heat transfer systems, often referred to as thermal diodes or thermal rectifiers, have garnered increasing interest due to their wide range of application possibilities. Most of those previous macroscopic thermal diodes either resort to nonlinear thermal conductivities with strong temperature dependence that may be quite limited by or fixed in natural materials or rely on active modulation that necessitated auxiliary energy payloads. Here, we establish a straightforward strategy of passively realizing asymmetric heat transfer with linear conductive materials. The strategy also introduces a new interrogative perspective on the design of asymmetric heat transfer utilizing nonlinear thermal conductivity, correcting the misconception that thermal rectification is impossible with separable nonlinear thermal conductivity. The nonlinear perturbation mode can be versatilely engineered to produce an effective and wide-ranging perturbation in the heat conduction, which imitates and bypasses intrinsic thermal nonlinearity constraints set by naturally occurring counterparts. Independent experimental characterizations of surface thermal radiation and thermal convection verified that the heat exchange between a graded linear thermal metamaterial and the ambient can be tailored to achieve macroscopic asymmetric heat transfer. Our work is envisaged to inspire conceptual models for heat transfer control, serving as a robust and convenient platform for advanced thermal management, thermal computation, and heat transport. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Thermal conductivity

Photonic topological valley-locked waveguides

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Qiaolu Zhang, Li Yan, Qinghui Xi, Rui Chen, Hongsheng Yang, Yihao Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Photonics Institute Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore

Topological valley kink states have become a significant research frontier with considerable intriguing applications such as robust on-chip communications and topological lasers. Unlike guided modes with adjustable widths in most conventional waveguides, the valley kink states are usually highly confined around the domain walls and thus lack the mode width degree of freedom (DOF), posing a serious limitation to potential device applications. Here, by adding a photonic crystal (PhC) featuring a Dirac point between two valley PhCs with opposite valley-Chern numbers, we design and experimentally demonstrate topological valley-locked waveguides (TVLWs) with tunable mode widths. The photoinc TVLWs could find unique applications, such as high-energy-capacity topological channel intersections, valley-locked energy concentrators, and topological cavities with designable confinement, as verified numerically and experimentally. The TVLWs with width DOF could be beneficial to interface with the exsisting photonic waveguides and devices, and serve as a novel platform for practical use of topological lasing, field enhancement, on-chip communicaitons, and high-capacity energy transport. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Landforms

Observation of topological edge states in thermal diffusion

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hu, Hao Han, Song Yang, Yihao Liu, Dongjue Xue, Haoran Liu, Gui-Geng Cheng, Zheyu Wang, Qi Jie Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Baile Luo, Yu School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore639798 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Haining314400 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore637371 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong China Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore637371 Singapore

The topological band theory predicts that bulk materials with nontrivial topological phases support topological edge states. This phenomenon is universal for various wave systems and has been widely observed for electromagnetic and acoustic waves. Here, we extend the notion of band topology from wave to diffusion dynamics. Unlike the wave systems that are usually Hermitian, the diffusion systems are anti-Hermitian with purely imaginary eigenvalues corresponding to decay rates. Via direct probe of the temperature diffusion, we experimentally retrieve the Hamiltonian of a thermal lattice, and observe the emergence of topological edge decays within the gap of bulk decays. Our results show that such edge states exhibit robust decay rates, which are topologically protected against disorders. This work constitutes a thermal analogue of topological insulators and paves the way to exploring defect-immune heat dissipation. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

Hydrazide Derivatives for Defect Passivation in Pure CsPbI3Perovskite Solar Cells

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Angewandte Chemie 2022年第33期134卷

作者： Yuhang Che Prof. Zhike Liu Dr. Yuwei Duan Jungang Wang Shaomin Yang Dongfang Xu Prof. Wanchun Xiang Prof. Tao Wang Prof. Ningyi Yuan Prof. Jianning Ding Prof. Shengzhong (Frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 China

All-inorganic CsPbI 3 perovskite presents preeminent chemical stability and a desirable band gap as the front absorber for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Unfortunately, CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still show low efficiency due to high density of defects in solution-prepared CsPbI 3 films. Herein, three kinds of hydrazide derivatives (benzoyl hydrazine (BH), formohydrazide (FH) and benzamide (BA)) are designed to reduce the defect density and stabilize the phase of CsPbI 3 . Calculation and characterization results corroborate that the carboxyl and hydrazine groups in BH form strong chemical bonds with Pb 2+ ions, resulting in synergetic double coordination. In addition, the hydrazine group in the BH also forms a hydrogen bond with iodine to assist the coordination. Consequently, a high efficiency of 20.47 % is achieved, which is the highest PCE among all pure CsPbI 3 -based PSCs reported to date. In addition, an unencapsulated device showed excellent stability in ambient air.

关键词： CsPbI3 Defect Passivation Hydrazide Perovskite Solar Cells

Low-Velocity-Favored Transition Radiation

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第11期131卷 113002-113002页

作者： Jialin Chen Ruoxi Chen Fuyang Tay Zheng Gong Hao Hu Yi Yang Xinyan Zhang Chan Wang Ido Kaminer Hongsheng Chen Baile Zhang Xiao Lin Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center the Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston Texas 77005 USA School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Physics University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 999077 China Key Lab of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Jinhua 321099 China Shaoxing Institute of Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Shaoxing 312000 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore

When a charged particle penetrates through an optical interface, photon emissions emerge—a phenomenon known as transition radiation. Being paramount to fundamental physics, transition radiation has enabled many applications from high-energy particle identification to novel light sources. A rule of thumb in transition radiation is that the radiation intensity generally decreases with the decrease of particle velocity v; as a result, low-energy particles are not favored in practice. Here, we find that there exist situations where transition radiation from particles with extremely low velocities (e.g., v/c<10−3) exhibits comparable intensity as that from high-energy particles (e.g., v/c=0.999), where c is the light speed in free space. The comparable radiation intensity implies an extremely high photon extraction efficiency from low-energy particles, up to 8 orders of magnitude larger than that from high-energy particles. This exotic phenomenon of low-velocity-favored transition radiation originates from the interference of the excited Ferrell-Berreman modes in an ultrathin epsilon-near-zero slab. Our findings may provide a promising route toward the design of integrated light sources based on low-energy electrons and specialized detectors for beyond-standard-model particles.

关键词： Atom or molecule scattering from surfaces Atomic & molecular collisions Cherenkov radiation Crystal optics Electron beams & optics Light-matter interaction Optical sources & detectors Optical transient phenomena Plasmonics

A multi-cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope in the western Pacific Ocean

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ye, Z.P. Hu, F. Tian, W. Chang, Q.C. Chang, Y.L. Cheng, Z.S. Gao, J. Ge, T. Gong, G.H. Guo, J. Guo, X.X. He, X.G. Huang, J.T. Jiang, K. Jiang, P.K. Jing, Y.P. Li, H.L. Li, J.L. Li, L. Li, W.L. Li, Z. Liao, N.Y. Lin, Q. Lin, J. Liu, F. Liu, J.L. Liu, X.H. Miao, P. Mo, C. Morton-Blake, I. Peng, T. Sun, Z.Y. Tang, J.N. Tang, Z.B. Tao, C.H. Tian, X.L. Wang, M.X. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wei, H.D. Wei, Z.Y. Wu, W.H. Xian, S.S. Xiang, D. Xu, D.L. Xue, Q. Yang, J.H. Yang, J.M. Yu, W.B. Zeng, C. Zhang, F.Y.D. Zhang, T. Zhang, X.T. Zhang, Y.Y. Zhi, W. Zhong, Y.S. Zhou, M. Zhu, X.H. Zhuang, G.J. Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University MOE Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology Shanghai200240 China Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University Being 100871 China State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sanya Yazhou Bay Institute of Deep Sea Technology Sanya572024 China Center for High Energy Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography MNR Hangzhou310012 China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Bejing100871 China Center for High Performance Computing Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sichuan Research Institute Chengdu610213 China School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200030 China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences Second Institute of Oceanography MNR Hangzhou310012 China School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China MOE Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study

Next-generation neutrino telescopes with significantly improved sensitivity are required to pinpoint the sources of the diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux detected by IceCube and uncover the century-old puzzle of cosmic ray origins. A detector near the equator will provide a unique viewpoint of the neutrino sky, complementing IceCube and other neutrino telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere. Here we present results from an expedition to the north-eastern region of the South China Sea, in the western Pacific Ocean. A favorable neutrino telescope site was found on an abyssal plain at a depth of ∼ 3.5 km. At depths below 3 km, the sea current speed, water absorption and scattering lengths for Cherenkov light, were measured to be vc © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Cosmic rays

Correction: Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells

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Energy & Environmental Science 2022年第5期15卷 2164-2164页

作者： Jing Lu Tinghuan Yang Tianqi Niu Nuo Bu Yalan Zhang Shiqiang Wang Junjie Fang Xiaoming Chang Tao Luo Jialun Wen Yingguo Yang Zicheng Ding Kui Zhao Shengzhong (Frank) Liu Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an 710119 China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) Zhangjiang Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Jiangsu Province Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology Changzhou University Changzhou 213164 China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China

Correction for ‘Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells’ by Jing Lu et al., Energ...

Correction for ‘Formamidinium-based Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite films fabricated via two-step sequential deposition: quantum well formation, physical properties and film-based solar cells’ by Jing Lu et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2022, 15, 1144–1155, DOI: 10.1039/D1EE02851K.

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