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Deciphering Water Oxidation Catalysts:The Dominant Role of Surface Chemistry over Reconstruction Degree in Activity Promotion

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 340-354页

作者： Li An Jianyi Li Yuanmiao Sun Jiamin Zhu Justin Zhu Yeow Seow Hong Zhang Nan Zhang Pinxian Xi Zhichuan J.Xu Chun‑Hua Yan State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu ProvinceFrontiers Science Center for Rare IsotopesCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Institute of Technology for Carbon NeutralityShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Materials and Devices National Center for International Research On Photoelectric and Energy MaterialsSchool of Materials and EnergyElectron Microscopy CenterYunnan UniversityKunming 650091People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare EarthsBaotou 014030People’s Republic of China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsPKU‑HKU Joint Laboratory in Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic ChemistryPeking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China

Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution *** surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity ***,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is *** substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction ***_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)*** reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based ***,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term ***,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction *** effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface *** finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.

关键词： Oxygen evolution reaction Perovskite oxides Doping Activation and reconstruction

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Integrating Electric Ambipolar Effect for High-Performance Zinc Bromide Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第6期17卷 382-396页

作者： Wenda Li Hengyue Xu Shanzhe Ke Hongyi Zhang Hao Chen Gaijuan Guo Xuanyi Xiong Shiyao Zhang Jianwei Fu Chengbin Jing Jiangong Cheng Shaohua Liu State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument(Ministry of Education)School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241People’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityHaidian DistrictBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xinjiang University666 Shengli RoadUrumqi City 830046People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University75 Daxue RoadZhengzhou 450052People’s Republic of China State Key Lab of Transducer Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050People’s Republic of China

The coupling of fast redox kinetics,high-energy density,and prolonged lifespan is a permanent aspiration for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries,but which has been severely hampered by a narrow voltage range and suboptimal compatibility between the electrolytes and ***,we unprecedentedly introduced an electric ambipolar effect for synergistic manipulation on Zn^(2+)ternary-hydrated eutectic electrolyte(ZTE)enabling high-performance Zn-Br_(2)*** electric ambipolar effect motivates strong dipole interactions among hydrated perchlorates and bipolar ligands of L-carnitine(L-CN)and sulfamide,which reorganized primary cations solvation sheath in a manner of forming Zn[(L-CN)(SA)(H_(2)O)_(4)]^(2+)configuration and dynamically restricting desolvated H2O molecules,thus ensuring a broadened electrochemical window of 2.9 V coupled with high ionic ***,L-CN affords an electrostatic shielding effect and an in situ construction of organic-inorganic interphase,endowing oriented Zn anode plating/stripping reversibly for over 2400 ***,with the synergy of electro/nucleophilicity and exceptional compatibility,the ZTE electrolyte dynamically boosts the conversion redox of Zn-Br_(2)batteries in terms of high specific capacity and stable cycling *** findings open a window for designing electrolytes with synergetic chemical stability and compatibility toward advanced zinc-ion batteries.

关键词： Electric ambipolar effect Hydrated eutectic electrolyte Electrostatic shielding Zinc bromide batteries

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Lifecycle Synergistic Prelithiation Strategy of Both Anode and Cathode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries

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advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Zhong, Wei He, Renjie Peng, Linfeng Liu, Wei Peng, Jiayue Zhu, Haolin Xiang, Jingyu Cheng, Shijie Xie, Jia State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Prelithiation is recognized as an effective technology for addressing the depletion of active lithium, but conventional methods are constrained by their reliance on singular lithium replenishment mechanisms and limited functionality. Herein, a synergistic and comprehensive lifecycle prelithiation technology is introduced as applicable to both anode and cathode. For anode prelithiation, highly reactive biphenyl lithium is leveraged as a lithium replenishing agent, supplemented by functional additives, ethoxy(pentafluoro)cyclotriphosphazene (PFPN) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), to generate a robust SEI enriched with Li3N, LiF, Li3P and Li2O. This approach not only compensates for the initial active lithium loss but also fortifies the structural integrity of the SEI. For cathode prelithiation, the high-capacity lithium replenisher Li2C2O4 and Li2C4O4 comprising B, N double-doped carbon loaded Mo2C-W2C (Mo-W@BNC) heterogeneous catalysts is employed, which exhibits superior catalytic performance in facilitating the release of lithium. The exceptional efficient liberations of lithium are achieved at discharge voltages of 3.78 V and 4.14 V for Li2C2O4 and Li2C2O4, respectively. The prelithiation for both anode and cathode mitigates the initial active lithium loss by 22.6%. Moreover, a singular activation during subsequent usage contributes an additional 0.8 mAh cm−2 of active lithium, achieving a capacity retention of 99.3% after 250 cycles at 0.5C. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Unlocking Spatio-Temporal Flexibility of Data Centers in Multiple Regional Peer-to-Peer Energy Transaction Markets

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IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2025年

作者： Jin, Tianyu Bai, Linquan Yan, Mingyu Chen, Xinyu Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Wuhan430074 China University of North Carolina at Charlotte William States Lee College of Engineering CharlotteNC28223 United States

Recently, the growth of distributed energy resources (DERs) has aroused peer-to-peer (P2P) energy transaction. With abundant flexibility of shifting computational tasks, data centers could participate in the P2P energy transaction market. However, the revenue that one data center receives through participating in regional P2P markets may conflict with that of the whole company owning several geographical data centers. Furthermore, the market clearing would be more complex after considering the latency characteristics of data centers and privacy protection in P2P transactions. This paper proposes an integrated multiple regional P2P energy transaction (MRPET) model, unlocking both the spatial and temporal flexibility of data centers in P2P trading. The detailed models of data centers, especially considering the total delay in processing tasks, are constructed, as well as several operational constraints of prosumers and P2P energy transaction. A two-stage algorithm based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is proposed for joint clearing of the MRPET markets. The proposed models and algorithm are examined in test systems and the results show that more renewable generation could be locally consumed with the re-dispatch of multiple data centers. Reduced costs are achieved for both the data center company and prosumers. The case study also analyzes the impact of task variation and delay cost on the schedule of data centers and market clearing. © 1969-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Commerce

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Analysis and Enhancement of Synchronization Stability in Grid-forming PV Systems Using Torque Component Quantification

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Chen, Qiong Tang, Yajie Gong, Diyang Lin, Lei Zeng, Qianqian Shi, Xiaojie State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Hangzhou310022 China

With the rapid deployment of distributed PVs, the stability issues become a serious concern for power systems. As a solution, the grid-forming control (GFM) featuring active regulation of voltage and frequency emerges. Among various GFM schemes, the DC-link voltage synchronous control has attracted tremendous attention as it can stabilize the DC-link voltage of PV systems and utilize the stored energy of their DC-link capacitors to mimic the inertia support. However, a PV system using the DC-link voltage synchronous control (PV-DVSC) can cause low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) under certain operating conditions. To mitigate such risks, this paper investigates the mechanism of LFO and associated suppression method, utilizing the torque component quantification. Firstly, a torque analysis model of the PV-DVSC is established to elucidate the contribution of different control loops on LFO from a torque vector perspective. Additionally, the impacts of key parameters on LFO are quantitatively assessed via the damping and synchronizing torques. Leveraging these torques, a torque-oriented phase compensator (TOPC) is designed, targeting a positive torque to effectively suppress the unstable LFO even under extreme conditions such as desynchronization. Finally, the validity of above analysis and proposed TOPC strategy are verified through simulation control-hardware-in-The-loop test results. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power system control

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Knowledge-assisted Approach for Contactless Current Measurement in Multiconductor Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Ma, Chaojun Xu, Yingying Chen, Qing Jiao, Yang Qu, Zeming He, Cheng Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China

Current measurements of multiconductor systems are essential for smart grids, but conventional intrusive measurement approaches require power outages before deployment and maintenance and thus are expensive and may reduce system stability. Though many contactless current measurement approaches have been proposed in recent years, the challenge of easing the impact of conductor positions and decoupling current information remains. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines a cost-effective annular magnetic field (MF) sensor array with an inverse calculation technique for precise, contactless current measurements in multiconductor systems. Specifically, the MF sensor array captures the MF distribution surrounding the multiconductor systems for characterizing the coupled current information. Then, the hardware-oriented measurement task is reformulated into a computational optimization problem, where the currents and conductor positions are mathematically related to the MF distribution for decoupling. Meanwhile, an effective algorithm is tailored, where knowledge about the current and MF distribution is used to generate promising initial solutions for efficiency and effectiveness improvement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy in current measurement considering the impact of conductor positions, with error rates maintained below 1% and 2% in balanced and unbalanced cases, respectively. Additionally, an abnormal MF sensing data correction method is developed to further ensure measurement accuracy, showing resilience to sensor anomalies and maintaining a relative measurement error below 2% after correction. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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Programming anti-ribozymes to sense trigger RNAs for modulating gene expression in mammalian cells

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2025年第3期10卷 827-834页

作者： Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Shi Wang, Mengyuan Lou, Chunbo Xiang, Yanhui Wu, Qiong Center for Cell and Gene Circuit Design CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China State Key Laboratory of Green Biomanufacturing MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Synthetic RNA-based switches provide distinctive merits in modulating gene expression. Simple and flexible RNA-based switches are crucial for advancing the field of gene regulation, paving the way for innovative tools that can sense and manipulate cellular processes. In this research, we have developed programmable ribozymes that are capable of suppressing gene expression in response to specific, endogenously expressed trigger RNAs. We engineer ribozymes by introducing upstream antisense sequences (anti-ribozymes) to inhibit the self-cleaving activity of the hammerhead ribozyme and open the expression of the target gene. The trigger RNA is designed to recognize and bind to complementary sequences within the anti-ribozymes, thereby inhibiting their ability to direct protein synthesis. The anti-ribozyme performance is optimized by regulating the essential sequence modules that play a crucial role in determining the specificity and efficiency of the anti-ribozyme's interaction with its trigger RNA. By applying this switch mechanism to various ribozyme designs, we have shown that it is possible to achieve control over gene expression across a wide range of trigger RNAs. By exploiting these programmable anti-ribozymes, we aim to create a powerful tool for controlling gene expression in mammalian cells, which could have important implications for basic research, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Anti-ribozyme Antisense RNA sequence Gene expression regulation Ribozyme RNA-based switch Trigger RNA sequence

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Observation of multiple surface states in naturally cleavable chiral crystal PdSbSe

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Physical Review Materials 2025年第3期9卷 L031201-L031201页

作者： Zhicheng Jiang Zhengtai Liu Chenqiang Hua Xiangqi Liu Yichen Yang Jianyang Ding Jiayu Liu Jishan Liu Mao Ye Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201210 China National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory and School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Lab of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Beihang Hangzhou Innovation Institute Yuhang Xixi Octagon City Yuhang District Hangzhou 310023 China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 200031 China State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China

Chiral multifold fermions in solids exhibit unique band structures and topological properties, making them ideal for exploring fundamental physical phenomena related to nontrivial topology, chirality, and symmetry breaking. However, the challenge of obtaining clean, flat surfaces through cleavage has hindered the investigation of their unique electronic states. In this study, we utilize high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to investigate the low-energy electronic structure of the cleavable single-crystal PdSbSe. Our combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals the presence of multifold-degenerate fermions within this chiral crystal. We also observe multiple chiral Fermi arc surface states and spin-splitting behavior in the associated bulk bands. These findings provide unique insights into chiral, multifold fermionic states in easily cleavable crystals and offer a robust platform for further research into their unique electronic properties and potential applications in novel electronic devices.

关键词： Photoelectron spectroscopy

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Direct Photolithography of WO_(x) Nanoparticles for High‑Resolution Non‑Emissive Displays

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 297-309页

作者： Chang Gu Guojian Yang Wenxuan Wang Aiyan Shi Wenjuan Fang Lei Qian Xiaofei Hu Ting Zhang Chaoyu Xiang Yu‑Mo Zhang Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201People’s Republic of China Hangzhou Bay Laboratory of Advanced Nano‑Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Qianwan Institute of CNITECHNingbo 315336People’s Republic of China Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River DeltaZhejiang UniversityJiaxing 314100People’s Republic of China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012People’s Republic of China

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides(WOx)are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions,given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability,ideal outdoor readability,and low energy ***,the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron ***,we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand *** strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently(line width<4μm,the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials).Additionally,the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance,such as fast response(<1 s at 0 V),high coloration efficiency(119.5 cm^(2) C^(−1)),good optical modulation(55.9%),and durability(>3600 cycles),as well as promising applications in electronic logos,pixelated displays,flexible electronics,*** success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development(R&D)in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

关键词： Electrochromic Direct photolithography WOx nanoparticles In situ photo-induced ligand exchange High-resolution displays

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Fast Searching of Extreme Operating Conditions for Relay Protection Setting Calculation Based on Graph Neural Network and Reinforcement Learning

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Li, Yan Wang, Jingyu Zhang, Jiankang Li, Huaiqiang Ren, Longfei Li, Yinhong Shi, Dongyuan Duan, Xianzhong The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology The School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China The Northwest Branch State Grid Corporation of China Shaanxi Xian710048 China The College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha China

Searching for the Extreme Operating Conditions (EOCs) is one of the core problems of power system relay protection setting calculation. The current methods based on brute-force search, heuristic algorithms, and mathematical programming can hardly meet the requirements of today’s power systems in terms of computation speed due to the drastic changes in operating conditions induced by renewables and power electronics. This paper proposes an EOC fast search method, named Graph Dueling Double Deep Q Network (Graph D3QN), which combines graph neural network and deep reinforcement learning to address this challenge. First, the EOC search problem is modeled as a Markov decision process, where the information of the underlying power system is extracted using graph neural networks, so that the EOC of the system can be found via deep reinforcement learning. Then, a two-stage Guided Learning and Free Exploration (GLFE) training framework is constructed to accelerate the convergence speed of reinforcement learning. Finally, the proposed Graph D3QN method is validated through case studies of searching maximum fault current for relay protection setting calculation on the IEEE 39-bus and 118-bus systems. The experimental results demonstrate that Graph D3QN can reduce the computation time by 10 to 1000 times while guaranteeing the accuracy of the selected EOCs. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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