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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Five-partite entanglement generation in a high-Q microresonator

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Physical Review A 2015年第4期91卷 042311-042311页

作者： Yutian Wen Xufei Wu Rongyu Li Qiang Lin Guangqiang He State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rochester New York 14627 USA

We propose to produce five-partite entanglement via cascaded four-wave mixing in a high-Q microresonator that may become a key to future one-way quantum computation on chip. A theoretical model is presented for the underlying continuous-variable entanglement among the generated comb modes that is expansible to more complicated scenarios. We analyze the entanglement condition when the van Loock and Furusawa criteria are violated and discuss the device parameters for potential experimental realization that may be utilized to build an integrated compact five-partite entanglement generator. The proposed approach exhibits great potential for future large-scale integrated full optical quantum computation on chip.

关键词： MICRORESONATORS (Optoelectronics) COMB filters QUANTUM computing QUANTUM systems QUANTUM states

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optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity

Optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity

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Asia communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2015

作者： Zheng, Yuanlin Yang, Jianfan Shen, Zhenhua Cao, Jianjun Chen, Xianfeng Wan, Wenjie MOE Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Department of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute The State Key Lab. of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. Shanghai200240 China

optically induced transparency in an optical microresonator is observed by introducing four-wave mixing gain to couple nonlinearly two isolated resonances of the micro-cavity. Its optical-controlling capacity and non-... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580064

关键词： Four wave mixing

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Chaotic signal scrambling for physical layer security in OFDM-PON

Chaotic signal scrambling for physical layer security in OFD...

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International Conference on Transparent optical networks

作者： Xuelin Yang Xiaonan Hu Zanwei Shen Hao He Weisheng Hu Chenglin Bai State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai P.R. China Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology Liao Cheng University Liaocheng P.R. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467378819

We propose and demonstrate physical layer security schemes via implementation of chaotic signal scrambling such as partial transmit sequence (PTS) and selected mapping (SLM) techniques in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON). The digital chaotic sequences are employed in PTS/SLM schemes to encrypt the OFDM data, which provides a huge key space to enhance the physical layer confidentiality. Transmission of 8.9Gb/s 16QAM encrypted OFDM signals is demonstrated over 20km standard single-mode fiber, which shows the security enhancement against malicious eavesdropping or exhaustive attacks. Moreover, the proposed secure schemes improve the OFDM transmission performance since the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signals is significantly reduced by the signal scrambling.

关键词： Chaos Peak to average power ratio Encryption optical network units

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Novel burst-mode edfa using backward laser injection for 40-Gb/s TWDM-PON

Novel burst-mode edfa using backward laser injection for 40-...

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OptoElectronics and communications Conference, OECC

作者： Yonghao Xu Manman Shi Jun Han Xiaodong Wang Lilin Yi II-VI Photonics (Shanghai) Co. Ltd Shanghai China State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

In this paper, we propose a burst-mode EDFA for 40-Gb/s TWDM-PON supporting 100-km reach with 50-dB loss budget. Backward laser injection using a low-cost Fabry-Perot laser suppresses the burst surge whilst achieving ... 详细信息

关键词： Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers Gain Passive optical networks Sensitivity Noise measurement Surges optical receivers

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High resolution programmable optical filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering: Design and applications

High resolution programmable optical filter based on stimula...

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OptoElectronics and communications Conference, OECC

作者： Wei Wei Lilin Yi Yves Jaouèn Michel Morvan Weisheng Hu State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Télécom Bretagne Institut Télécom Brest France

We propose a versatile optical filter with precisely reconfigurable shape based on stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in optical fiber using digital feedback compensation. Filter application for optical sub-band s... 详细信息

关键词： optical feedback optical pumping Gain Bandwidth Signal to noise ratio

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Rectangular microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering in fiber

Rectangular microwave photonic filter based on stimulated Br...

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International Conference on optical communications and networks (ICOCN)

作者： Lilin Yi Wei Wei Yves Jaouen Mengyue Shi Weisheng Hu State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institut Telecom Télécom ParisTech CNRS UMR Paris France

ISBN: (纸本)9781467373746

We demonstrate a rectangular microwave photonic filter based stimulated Brillouin scattering effect in optical fiber. The rectangular spectral response is achieved by using both multi-tone and frequency-sweeping Brillouin pump schemes, combined with digital feedback compensation. The filter selectivity is improved by using pump-splitting dual-stage scheme. A rectangular microwave photonic filter with as high as 45-dB selectivity at 1-GHz bandwidth has been achieved.

关键词： optical fiber filters Scattering Gain Microwave filters Bandwidth optical fibers

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Flexible traffic-aware OXC architecture for hybrid WDM network and elastic optical network

Flexible traffic-aware OXC architecture for hybrid WDM netwo...

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Asia communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2014

作者： Chen, Xin Li, Juhao Zhu, Paikun Tang, Ruizhi Guan, Jing Chen, Zhangyuan He, Yongqi State Key Lab. of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Peking University Beijing China

We propose a novel flexible traffic-aware OXC architecture for hybrid WDM and elastic optical network. The simulation results show that the proposed OXC can save CAPEX significantly while providing similar blocking pe... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528520

关键词： network architecture

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Novel time-domain compensation scheme for transmitter IQ mismatch in CO-OFDM system

Novel time-domain compensation scheme for transmitter IQ mis...

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Asia communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2014

作者： Du, Juan Xiao, Shilin He, Hao Zhou, Zhao Ju, Min State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

In this paper, a novel time-domain compensation scheme for removing the transmitter IQ mismatch is proposed. The simulation results show that this scheme can achieve a low OSNR penalty. © OSA 2014.

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528520

In this paper, a novel time-domain compensation scheme for removing the transmitter IQ mismatch is proposed. The simulation results show that this scheme can achieve a low OSNR penalty. © OSA 2014.

关键词： Transmitters

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optical dispersion management for 10Gbps upstream directly-modulated signals covering ranges from 0 to 100km with maximal 51-dB loss budget

Optical dispersion management for 10Gbps upstream directly-m...

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Asia communications and Photonics Conference, ACPC 2014

作者： Wang, Xiaodong Yi, Lilin Li, Zhengxuan Huang, Jinqing Han, Jun Hu, Weisheng State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China II-VI Network Solutions Shanghai200233 China

An ODC with fixed dispersion value is used in OLT to manage the dispersion of 10Gbps upstream directly-modulated signals, achieving 51-dB loss budget within 100km transmission distance thanks to the positive chirp of ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528520

关键词： Budget control

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