As an alternative to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production by complex anthraquinone oxidation process, photosynthesis of H 2 O 2 from water and oxygen without sacrificial agents is highly demanded. Herein, a covalen...
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As an alternative to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production by complex anthraquinone oxidation process, photosynthesis of H 2 O 2 from water and oxygen without sacrificial agents is highly demanded. Herein, a covalently connected molecular heterostructure is synthesized via sequential C−H arylation and Knoevenagel polymerization reactions for visible-light and sacrificial-agent-free H 2 O 2 synthesis. The subsequent copolymerization of the electron-deficient benzodithiophene-4,8-dione (BTD) and the electron-rich biphenyl (B) and p -phenylenediacetonitrile (CN) not only expands the π-conjugated domain but also increases the molecular dipole moment, which largely promotes the separation and transfer of the photoinduced charge carriers. The optimal heterostructured BTDB-CN 0.2 manifested an impressive photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production rate of 1920 μmol g −1 h −1 , which is 2.2 and 11.6 times that of BTDB and BTDCN. As revealed by the femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and theoretical calculations, the linkage serves as a channel for the rapid transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency. Further, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) uncovers that the oxygen reduction reaction occurs through the step one-electron pathway and the mutual conversion between C=O and C−OH with the anchoring of H + during the catalysis favored the formation of H 2 O 2 . This work provides a novel perspective for the design of efficient organic photocatalysts.
Thermal runaway, a major battery safety issue, is triggered when the local temperature exceeds a threshold value resulting from slower heat dissipation relative to heat generation inside the cell. However, improving i...
Thermal runaway, a major battery safety issue, is triggered when the local temperature exceeds a threshold value resulting from slower heat dissipation relative to heat generation inside the cell. However, improving internal heat transfer is challenged by the low thermal conductivity of metal current collectors (CCs) and challenges in manufacturing nonmetal CC foils at large scales. Here we report a rapid temperature-responsive nonmetallic CC that can substitute benchmark Al and Cu foils to enhance battery safety. The nonmetallic CC was fabricated through a continuous thermal pressing process to afford a highly oriented Gr foil on a hundred-meter scale. This Gr foil demonstrates a high thermal conductivity of 1,400.8 W m−1K−1, about one order of magnitude higher than those of Al and Cu foils. Importantly, LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2||graphite cells integrated with these temperature-responsive foils show faster heat dissipation, eliminating the local heat concentration and circumventing the fast exothermic aluminothermic and hydrogen-evolution reactions, which are critical factors causing the thermal failure propagation of lithium-ion battery packs.
Cyclic ether, such as 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), are promising solvent for low-temperature electrolytes because of the low freezing point. Their use in electrolytes, however, is severely limited since it easily polymerizes ...
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Cyclic ether, such as 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), are promising solvent for low-temperature electrolytes because of the low freezing point. Their use in electrolytes, however, is severely limited since it easily polymerizes in the presence of lithium inorganic salts. The trace water plays a key role via providing the source (proton) for chain initiation, which has, unfortunately, been neglected in most cases. In this work, we present an electrophile, trimethylsilyl isocyanate (Si−NCO), as the water scavenger, which eliminates moisture by a nucleophilic addition reaction. Si−NCO allows DOL to maintain liquid over a wide temperature range even in high-concentration electrolyte. Electrolyte with Si−NCO additive shows promising low-temperature performance. Our finding expands the use of cyclic ether solvents in the presence of inorganic salts and highlights a large space for unexplored design of water scavenger with electrophilic feature for low-temperature electrolytes.
Continuous hydrogen-bond-network in aqueous electrolytes can lead to uncontrollable hydrogen transfer, and combining the interfacial parasitic electron consumption cause the side reaction in aqueous zinc metal batteri...
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Continuous hydrogen-bond-network in aqueous electrolytes can lead to uncontrollable hydrogen transfer, and combining the interfacial parasitic electron consumption cause the side reaction in aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs). Herein, hydrogen/electron amphiphilic bi-functional 1,5-Pentanediol (PD) molecule was introduced to stabilize the electrode/electrolyte interface. Stronger proton affinity of -OH in PD can break bulk-H 2 O hydrogen-bond-network to inhibit the activity of water, and electron affinity can enhance electron acceptation capability, which ensures that PD is preferentially bound to electrode material over H 2 O. Besides, the participation of PD in the Zn 2+ solvation structure reduces water content at the solid–liquid interface and promotes uniform deposition process by optimizing Zn 2+ de-solvation energy. Accordingly, dense and vertical zinc texture based on intrinsic steric hindrance effect of PD and formed SEI protective layer to induce stable Zinc anode-electrolyte interface. Moreover, an organic–inorganic shielding water layer was formed at the cathode side to suppress vanadium dissolution in vanadium Oxide. Consequently, Zn//Zn symmetric cell could cycle for more than 5600 hours at 1 mAh cm −2 @1 mA cm −2 (more than 250 hours at 50 °C). Besides, the VO 2 and I 2 cathode all achieved stable cycling performance and former pouch cell could reach average capacity of 0.13 Ah.
The S-scheme heterojunction is flourishing in photocatalysis because it concurrently realizes separated charge carriers and sufficient redox ability. Steady-state charge transfer has been confirmed by other methods. H...
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The S-scheme heterojunction is flourishing in photocatalysis because it concurrently realizes separated charge carriers and sufficient redox ability. Steady-state charge transfer has been confirmed by other methods. However, an essential part, the transfer dynamics in S-scheme heterojunctions, is still missing. To compensate, a series of cadmium sulfide/pyrene- alt -difluorinated benzothiadiazole heterojunctions were constructed and the photophysical processes were investigated with femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Encouragingly, an interfacial charge-transfer signal was detected in the spectra of the heterojunction, which provides solid evidence for S-scheme charge transfer to complement the results from well-established methods. Furthermore, the lifetime for interfacial charge transfer was calculated to be ca. 78.6 ps. Moreover, the S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts exhibit higher photocatalytic conversion of 1,2-diols and H 2 production rates than bare cadmium sulfide.
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