The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) attract interest as potential catalysts whose catalytic properties are driven by defects. Several methods have been proposed for the defects-inducing synthesis of MOFs. However, th...
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The metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) attract interest as potential catalysts whose catalytic properties are driven by defects. Several methods have been proposed for the defects-inducing synthesis of MOFs. However, the active species formed on the defective sites remain elusive and uncharacterized, as the spectroscopic fingerprints of these species are hidden by the regular structure signals. In this work, we have performed the synthesis of ZIF-8 MOF with defect-inducing procedures using fully deuterated 2-methylimidazolate ligands to enhance the defective sites′ visibility. By combining 1 H and 31 P MAS NMR spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we have found evidence for the presence of different structural hydroxyl Zn−OH groups in the ZIF-8 materials. It is demonstrated that the ZIF-8 defect sites are represented by Zn−OH hydroxyl groups with the signals at 0.3 and −0.7 ppm in the 1 H MAS NMR spectrum. These species are of basic nature and may be responsible for the catalytic activity of the ZIF-8 material.
The development of high-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) encounters significant challenges due to aggressive electrode chemistry. Recently, locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) have garnered a...
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The development of high-voltage lithium metal batteries (LMBs) encounters significant challenges due to aggressive electrode chemistry. Recently, locally concentrated ionic liquid electrolytes (LCILEs) have garnered attention for their exceptional stability with both Li anodes and high-voltage cathodes. However, there remains a limited understanding of how diluents in LCILEs affect the thermodynamic stability of the solvation structure and transportation dynamics of Li + ions. Herein, we propose a wide-temperature LCILEs with 1,3-dichloropropane (DCP13) diluent to construct a non-equilibrium solvation structure under external electric field, wherein the DCP13 diluent enters the Li + ion solvation sheath to enhance Li + ion transport and suppress oxidative side reactions at high-nickel cathode (LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 , NCM90). Consequently, a Li/NCM90 cell utilizing this LCILE achieves a high capacity retention of 94 % after 240 cycles at 4.3 V, also operates stably at high cut-off voltages from 4.4 V to 4.6 V and over a wide temperature range from −20 °C to 60 °C. Additionally, an Ah-level pouch cell with this LCILE simultaneously achieves high-energy-density and stable cycling, manifesting the practical feasibility. This work redefines the role of diluents in LCILEs, providing inspiration for electrolyte design in developing high-energy-density batteries.
Sub-nanowires (SNWs) exhibit great potential applications in nanocomposites owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, and similarity to polymer chains in dimension, which are a good entry point to b...
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Sub-nanowires (SNWs) exhibit great potential applications in nanocomposites owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, and similarity to polymer chains in dimension, which are a good entry point to bridge inorganic materials and polymer materials. Herein, we synthesized hydroxyapatite sub-nanowires (HAP SNWs) and engineered hydroxyapatite sub-nanowires/polyimide (HSP) gels and films by simple mixing of HAP SNWs and polyimide (PI). Benefiting from the interactions between HAP SNWs and PI, these nanocomposites were a continuous hybrid network. As the increase of HAP SNWs contents, the viscosity and modulus of HSP gels were greatly improved by one or two orders of magnitude compared with PI gel. HSP films not only maintained high transparency but also gained high haze, as well as exhibited enhanced Young's modulus. Thus, both HSP gels and films developed in this work are promising for various applications in coatings and high-performance films.
H 2 -free semi-hydrogenation at room temperature shows great advantage for replacing the thermocatalytic process in industry owing to the high energy and resource saving, however, remains great challenges. Herein, a t...
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H 2 -free semi-hydrogenation at room temperature shows great advantage for replacing the thermocatalytic process in industry owing to the high energy and resource saving, however, remains great challenges. Herein, a tree-like Pd dendrites array decorated Pd membrane was constructed as the core device in an electrochemistry assisted gas-fed membrane reactor for butadiene semi-hydrogenation. It reveals that hydrogen atomic sieving effect of this Pd-based membrane under electrochemical condition was the key for semi-hydrogenation. The configuration study of Pd nanostructured membrane demonstrates that the penetration of hydrogen atoms through Pd membrane from electrochemical side to chemical side is affected by the consumption of hydrogen atom in semi-hydrogenation step. Such atomic sieving property of nanostructured Pd membrane with 5.1 times increase in catalytic active surface area brings above 14 times higher in butadiene conversion than that of bare Pd foil, with ≈90 % of butenes selectivity at butadiene conversion ≈98 % over 300 h of H 2 -free reaction under 15 mA cm −2 .
Magnetization measurements on a single crystal of the high-Tc cuprate HgBa2CuO4 (Hg-1201) are performed for the two field orientations B||c and B||(a,b). Besides zero-field-cooling (zfc) – field-cooling (fc) and magn...
Magnetization measurements on a single crystal of the high-Tc cuprate HgBa2CuO4 (Hg-1201) are performed for the two field orientations B||c and B||(a,b). Besides zero-field-cooling (zfc) – field-cooling (fc) and magnetization studies, the flux creep relaxation is determined. The zfc curves exhibit pronounced step-like anomalies in the mixed state above the lower critical field Bc1. They are interpreted as those points in the phase diagram where the penetrating flux fronts meet at the center of the sample. In order to obtain more information about the flux pinning mechanism flux creep relaxation experiments are performed at different temperatures in magnetic fields of 0.15 and 2 T. The resulting supercurrent dependence on the mean activation energy is analysed according to the collective pinning theory which predicts U ∝ ((j/jc)−μ −1). The μ-values for B||c are 0.5 at higher temperatures and 2 at 5 K, and they vary between 1.1 and 1.5 for B||(a,b). The observed behaviour is quite different from that found for powder samples.
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