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Microbiota alterations leading to amino acid deficiency contribute to depression in children and adolescents

Microbiome 2025年第1期13卷 1-19页

作者： Teng, Teng Huang, Fang Xu, Ming Li, Xuemei Zhang, Lige Yin, Bangmin Cai, Yuping Chen, Fei Zhang, Luman Zhang, Jushuang Geng, Aoyi Chen, Chengzhi Yu, Xiaofei Sui, Jing Zhu, Zheng-Jiang Guo, Kai Zhang, Chenhong Zhou, Xinyu Department of Psychiatry Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education) The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400014 China Institute for Brain Science and Disease Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China China Mobile Research Institute Beijing 100032 China Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Department of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Public Health Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 China Research Center for Environment and Human Health School of Public Health Chongqing 400016 China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Department of Neurology University of Michigan Ann Arbor 48109 MI United States State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is a growing global public health concern. Metabolic alterations in the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis have been implicated in MDD pathophysiology, but their specific role in pediatric populations remains unclear. Results: We conducted a multi-omics study on 256 MDD patients and 307 healthy controls in children and adolescents, integrating plasma metabolomics, fecal metagenomics, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) of the brain. KEGG enrichment analysis of 360 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs) indicated significant plasma amino acid (AA) metabolism deficiencies (p-value < 0.0001). We identified 58 MDD-enriched and 46 MDD-depleted strains, as well as 6 altered modules in amino acid metabolism in fecal metagenomics. Procrustes analysis revealed the association between the altered gut microbiome and circulating AA metabolism (p-value = 0.001, M² = 0.932). Causal analyses suggested that plasma AAs might mediate the impact of altered gut microbiota on depressive and anxious symptoms. Additionally, rs-fMRI revealed that connectivity deficits in the frontal lobe are associated with depression and 22 DEMs in AA metabolism. Furthermore, transplantation of fecal microbiota from MDD patients to adolescent rats induced depressive-like behaviors and 14 amino acids deficiency in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Moreover, the dietary lysine restriction increased depression susceptibility in adolescent rats by reducing the expression of excitatory amino acid transporters in the PFC. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that gut microbiota alterations contribute to AAs deficiency, particularly lysine, which plays a crucial role in MDD pathogenesis in children and adolescents. Targeting AA metabolism may offer novel therapeutic strategies for pediatric depression. ^{7DJkktNSgnQ6_irKuZcZPqVideo Abstract} © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Amino acid Children and adolescents Depression Glutaminergic synapse MGB axis Microbiota

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Variable-frame CNNLSTM for Breast Nodule Classification using Ultrasound Videos

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Cui, Xiangxiang Li, Zhongyu Fan, Xiayue Huang, Peng Wang, Ying Yang, Meng Chang, Shi Zhu, Jihua The State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University China School of Software Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China Center for Immunological and Metabolic Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University China Department of General Surgery Xiangya Hospital Central South University China Co. Ltd China Department of general surgery The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University China

Purpose: The intersection of medical imaging and artificial intelligence has become an important research direction in intelligent medical treatment, and deep learning can analyze and calculate medical images and participate in clinical diagnosis. In order to improve the dataset utilization, the method supporting the training of variable frame datasets and the automatic extraction of ultrasonic features combined with deep learning is designed to improve the dataset utilization rate, which has important research value in ultrasound classification diagnosis. There is no extraction of time series features for the existing keyframe classification method. The ultrasonic video classification work based on three-dimensional convolution requires the same number of video frames for different patients, and the efficiency of extracting features and the classification performance of the model are poor. In this work, We designed the ultrasound video classification method, realizes the training of ultrasound datasets with different video frame numbers, which increases the utilization rate of datasets, optimizes Spatio-temporal feature extraction, and improves classification accuracy. Methods: This paper proposed video classification methods based on CNN and LSTM. Moreover, to support variable-frame training, we introduce the processing scheme of long and short sentences in NLP into video classification for the first time. We reduce the dimension of the CNN extracted image features to 1x512 and then sort and compress the feature vectors and input them into LSTM for training. Specifically, the feature vectors are sorted by the number of patient video frames and populated with padding value 0 to form a variable batch. The invalid padding values in the batch are compressed and then entered into LSTM for training, saving computing resources. To calculate subsequent indicators, it is necessary to restore the output dimension to the input dimension by padding filling. To summarize, the

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Effects of violent and non-violent computer video games on explicit and implicit aggression

Journal of Software

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Journal of Software 2010年第9期5卷 1014-1021页

作者： Zhang, Xuemin Liu, Chang Wang, Langlang Piao, Qiuhong Beijing Normal University School of Psychology State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing 100875 China

The effect of violent media on aggression has always been highly concerned by the public. The effect of violent video game has been studied by researchers for many years, while how the interaction (competition and cooperation) work during video game play is still little known. In present study, the effect of non-violent video games on aggression was tested by experimental design. Participants were assigned to 6 groups to play a violent video game or a nonviolent video game, and he or she played competitively or cooperatively with another participant, or played the game alone. Competitive Reaction Time Task was used to test aggressive behavior. EAST task and SHS scale were used to test aggressive cognition and affect. The results indicated both violent content and competition can arouse aggressive cognition and aggressive behavior. Only violent content can arouse aggressive affect. Cooperation has little effect on explicit and implicit aggression. © 2010 Academy Publisher.

关键词： Human computer interaction

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Testosterone and cortisol jointly mediate and modulate trust behavior in early adolescence

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Psychoneuroendocrinology 2025年 178卷 107483-107483页

作者： Su, Rui Jiang, Xuting Ma, Xiang Wang, Huagen Liu, Chao State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Safe AI and Superalignment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

During early adolescence, individuals undergo significant changes in neuroendocrine systems, neurodevelopment, and social sensitivity. Placing trust in the appropriate person becomes especially crucial for adolescents, given their increased peer interaction and heightened susceptibility to peer influence during this period. Adolescents take social distance into account when making trust decisions. However, the biological and cognitive mechanisms involved in trust decision-making towards peers of different social distances remain unclear. The present study investigated the interactions among hormonal (basal cortisol and basal testosterone), cognitive (impulsivity and theory of mind), and contextual (friends and strange peers) factors underlying trust decision-making in a sample of 142 adolescents (45 % females, M_age = 12.32 years, SD_age = 0.60). Using a balloon analog risk task, a cartoon story reasoning task, and a modified version of the trust game, we assessed adolescents’ impulsivity, theory of mind, as well as trust investment and evaluation of return possibility towards their friends and strangers, separately. The results showed a unique hormonal-cognitive-contextual mechanism underlying trust investment, despite adolescents demonstrating a preference for trusting friends over strangers in both trust investment and trust evaluation. Cortisol predominantly influenced adolescents’ general trust, directly and indirectly through impulsivity. Testosterone appeared to modulate the indirect effect of cortisol via impulsivity on general trust and impacted their strategic trust decisions through the theory of mind. These findings highlight the role of cortisol and testosterone in trust and its potential cognitive process and provide guidance for tailored interventions for promoting healthy social development. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Cortisol Impulsivity Testosterone Theory of mind Trust

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Topographic, cognitive, and neurobiological profiling of the interdependent structural and functional modules of the brain

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Science Bulletin 2025年

作者： Wang, Xiaoyue Sun, Lianglong Liang, Xinyuan Zhao, Tengda Xia, Mingrui Liao, Xuhong He, Yong School of Medical Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing102206 China

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Human high-order thalamic nuclei gate conscious perception through the thalamofrontal loop

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Science (New York, N.Y.) 2025年第6742期388卷 eadr3675页

作者： Fang, Zepeng Dang, Yuanyuan Ping, An'an Wang, Chenyu Zhao, Qianchuan Zhao, Hulin Li, Xiaoli Zhang, Mingsha State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Division of Psychology Beijing Normal University Beijing China Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China Center for Intelligent and Networked Systems Department of Automation TNLIST Tsinghua University Beijing China Pazhou Laboratory Guangzhou China

Human high-order thalamic nuclei activity is known to closely correlate with conscious states. However, it is not clear how those thalamic nuclei and thalamocortical interactions directly contribute to the transient process of human conscious perception. We simultaneously recorded stereoelectroencephalography data from the thalamic nuclei and prefrontal cortex (PFC), while patients with implanted electrodes performed a visual consciousness task. Compared with the ventral nuclei and PFC, the intralaminar and medial nuclei presented earlier and stronger consciousness-related activity. Transient thalamofrontal neural synchrony and cross-frequency coupling were both driven by the θ phase of the intralaminar and medial nuclei during conscious perception. The intralaminar and medial thalamic nuclei thus play a gate role to drive the activity of the PFC during the emergence of conscious perception.

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Reading comprehension without phonological mediation:Further evidence from a Chinese aphasic individual

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 492-499页

作者： HAN ZaiZhu & Bi YanChao state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

An important issue in visual word comprehension literature is whether or not semantic access is mediated by phonological processing. In this paper, we present a Chinese individual, YGA, who provides converging evidence to directly address this issue. YGA has sustained damage to the left posterior superior and middle temporal lobe, and shows difficulty in orally name pictures and reading printed words aloud. He makes phonological errors on these tasks and also semantic errors on picture naming, indicating a deficit at accessing the phonological representations for output. However, he is intact at understanding the meaning of visually presented words. Such a profile challenges the hypothesis that semantic access in reading is phonologically mediated and provides further evidence for the universal principle of direct semantic access in reading.

关键词： word reading phonological mediation Chinese case study

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Methodological and Interpretational Issues in PsyRiskMR Database

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Biological psychiatry 2025年

作者： Jiawei Zhao State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China.

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Intracortical Flexible Microneedle Neural Electrode (f-μNeurode) Based on Projection-Micro-Stereolithography (PμSL) Technology for Chronic In-Vivo Electrophysiological Recording

Intracortical Flexible Microneedle Neural Electrode (f-μNeu...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： Zhe Huang Yanran Wang Junshi Li Xinyi Ma Zhitong Zhang Xiaowen Sun Jiayan Zhang Dong Huang Bin Yang Jingquan Liu Dajun Xing Zhihong Li National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Beijing China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal University Beijing China Acimicro Medical Technology Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (数字)9798331508890

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508906

This paper reports a novel intracortical neural interface device, called f-μNeurode, for chronic in-vivo electrophysiological recording. The device achieved excellent electrical properties and has been implanted for 28 days, successfully recorded single-cell spikes and local-field potentials (LFPs). The f-μNeurode consists of a high-aspect-ratio polymer microneedle array electrode, which is bottom-up additively manufactured on a flexible substrate by Projection-Micro-Stereolithography (PμSL) technology. Compared to the conventional Utah Electrode Array (UEA), the f-μNeurode is more flexible and thinner, overcoming the limitation of brittleness and fragility of silicon material, reducing the mechanical stimulation to the brain as well as bringing higher biosafety. Owing to the flexibility and compatibility of the PμSL, which is utilized to fabricate the intracortical neural interface for the first time, microneedle arrays with different channel numbers, different layouts, different lengths and diameters can be easily customized and mass-produced with relatively low cost.

关键词： Electrodes Micromechanical devices Electric potential Wet etching Costs Layout Silicon Mechanical factors Recording Substrates

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Asymmetric Inter-Hemisphere Communication Contributes to Speech Acquisition of Toddlers with Cochlear Implants

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Advanced Science 2025年第0期 e2309194页

作者： Zhao, Xue Wu, Meiyun Liu, Haotian Wang, Yuyang Zhang, Zhikai Liu, Yuhe Zhang, Yu-Xuan State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu610041 China Changsha410005 China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing100025 China Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing100050 China

How the lateralized language network and its functions emerge with early auditory experiences remains largely unknown. Here, early auditory development is examined using repeated optical imaging for cochlear implanted (CI) toddlers with congenital deafness from onset of restored hearing to around one year of CI hearing experiences. Machine learning models are constructed to resolve how functional organization of the bilateral language network and its sound processing support the CI children's post-implantation development of auditory and verbal communication skills. Behavioral improvement is predictable by cortical processing as well as by network organization changes, with the highest classification accuracy of 81.57%. For cortical processing, behavioral prediction is better for the left than the right hemisphere and for speech than non-speech processing. For network organization, the best prediction is obtained for resting state, with greater contribution from inter-hemisphere connections between non-homologous regions than from within-hemisphere connections. Most interestingly, systematic connectivity-to-activity models reveal that speech processing of the left language network is developmentally supported largely by global network organization, particularly asymmetric inter-hemisphere communication, rather than functional segregation of local network. These findings collectively confirm the importance of asymmetric inter-hemisphere communication in formation of the lateralized language network and its functional development with early auditory experiences. © 2025 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Cochlear implants

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