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IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2)

作者： Liting Tian Lin Cheng Yuxiang Wan Kai Yuan Rui Liu Kuihua Wu State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China State Grid Economic & Technology Research Institute Beijing China Economic & Technology Research Institute State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan China

ISBN: (数字)9781728196060

ISBN: (纸本)9781728196077

Distributed Energy Resources(DERs) will be an important part of the future power system under the spread of distributed renewable energy generation, electric vehicles, demand response and other technologies. Cyber-physical system (CPS) is one of the development directions for the future smart grid to integrate the widespread DERs. First, this paper presents the basic architecture and operation process of virtual power plant (VPP). Then the solution of communication structure and software platform are proposed. It is pointed out that virtual power plants have good applicability in information and communication infrastructure, power market and DER integration. Finally, a demonstration program in China is introduced. The research and application of virtual power plant is currently in its embryonic form. It provides a solution for the transmission from centralized power production to the distributed energy utilization, and is an adequate way to integrate geographical dispersion, heterogeneous DERs.

关键词： Renewable energy sources Transforms System integration Cyber-physical systems power markets Software Smart grids

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Lithium Extraction from High Magnesium Salt Lake Brine with an Integrated Membrane Technology

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ashraf, Muhammad Awais Usman, Muhammad Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad, Faraz Guo, Shiwei Zhang, Lu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Washington State University United States Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan030024 China North China Electric Power University Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Baoding071000 China Faculty of Economics and Business

Lithium extraction is a great challenge from the high magnesium content salt solution. In this work, an integrated polyamide tight ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are systematically investigated to separate Li+ from a high magnesium salt solution. Tight ultrafiltration UA001 and nanofiltration NF270 membranes in the integrated-cascade system not only increased Li+ permeation to 82.5% but also enhanced the high Mg2+ retention to 94.6% from the ternary salt solution of LiCl and MgCl2. The transport model was also developed to calculate the real retention of Li+ and Mg2+, under constant pressure mode. The separation efficiency SFLi/Mg for the ternary salt solution of LiCl+MgCl2+H2O was more than 15 at a constant pressure of 25 bars with an integrated membrane process, which was higher as compared to single-stage UF and NF270 membranes. Moreover, the high Mg2+/Li+ ratio was also reduced from 30 to 1.9 in the integrated-cascade membrane process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnesium compounds

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key technologies of the operational reliability evaluation for the large-scale battery energy storage system 7

Key technologies of the operational reliability evaluation f...

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7th International Conference on Reliability of Electrical Products and Electrical Contacts, ICREPEC 2019

作者： Cheng, Lin Wan, Yuxiang Jiang, Yi Wang, Zhidong Liu, Mei State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Corporation Limited State Grid Corporation of China Beijing102209 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789881532343

The large-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) can effectively meet the diversified needs of power grid dispatching. Therefore, the improvement of the BESS operational reliability is of great significance to ensure the operation safety of the grid. However, the BESS is composed of a large number of batteries. This fact suggests the BESS reliability depends not only on the battery operating state but also on the strategy of battery networking reconfiguration. In this paper, the analysis of the operational reliability research of largescale BESS is carried out in-depth. The research status of reliability of large-scale BESS is investigated, and some thoughts on the obstacles to the BESS operational reliability evaluation are given. The promotion of the new technology of BESS and the development of the ubiquitous Internet of Things on BESS operation reliability are analyzed. In addition, the framework of the operational reliability evaluation of a large-scale BESS is proposed. Some key technologies such as failure mechanism, equipment reliability modeling, evaluation, and optimization are summarized, providing some suggestions for the application of large-scale BESS. © 2019 by International Academic Publishers Ltd.

关键词： Electric batteries

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Fast Monte Carlo simulation of Dynamic power systems under Continuous Random Disturbances

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Qiu, Yiwei Lin, Jin Chen, Xiaoshuang Liu, Feng Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China

—Continuous-time random disturbances from the renewable generation pose a significant impact on power system dynamic behavior. In evaluating this impact, the disturbances must be considered as continuous-time random processes instead of random variables that do not vary with time to ensure accuracy. Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) is a nonintrusive method to evaluate such impact that can be performed on commercial power system simulation software and is easy for power utilities to use, but is computationally cumbersome. Fast samplings methods such as Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) have been introduced to speed up sampling random variables, but yet cannot be applied to sample continuous disturbances. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a fast MCs method that enables the LHS to speed up sampling continuous disturbances, which is based on the Itô process model of the disturbances and the approximation of the Itô process by functions of independent normal random variables. A case study of the IEEE 39-Bus System shows that the proposed method is 47.6 and 6.7 times faster to converge compared to the traditional MCs in evaluating the expectation and variance of the system dynamic response. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Deep learning-aided model predictive control of wind farms for AGC considering the dynamic wake effect

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Chen, Kaixuan Lin, Jin Qiu, Yiwei Liu, Feng Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100087 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China

To provide automatic generation control (AGC) service, wind farms (WFs) are required to control their operation dynamically to track the time-varying power reference. Wake effects impose significant aerodynamic interactions among turbines, which remarkably influence the WF dynamic power production. The nonlinear and high-dimensional nature of dynamic wake model, however, brings extremely high computation complexity and obscure the design of WF controllers. This paper overcomes the control difficulty brought by the dynamic wake model by proposing a novel control-oriented reduced order WF model and a deep-learning-aided model predictive control (MPC) method. Leveraging recent advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to provide high-fidelity data that simulates WF dynamic wake flows, two novel deep neural network (DNN) architectures are specially designed to learn a dynamic WF reduced-order model (ROM) that can capture the dominant flow dynamics. Then, a novel MPC framework is constructed that explicitly incorporates the obtained WF ROM to coordinate different turbines while considering dynamic wake interactions. The proposed WF ROM and the control method are evaluated in a widely-accepted high-dimensional dynamic WF simulator whose accuracy has been validated by realistic measurement data. A 9-turbine WF case and a larger 25-turbine WF case are studied. By reducing WF model states by many orders of magnitude, the computational burden of the control method is reduced greatly. Besides, through the proposed method, the range of AGC signals that can be tracked by the WF in the dynamic operation is extended compared with the existing greedy controller. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Model predictive control

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Tertiary regulation of cascaded run-of-the-river hydropower in the islanded renewable power system considering multi-timescale dynamics

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Qiu, Yiwei Lin, Jin Liu, Feng Dai, Ningyi Song, Yonghua Chen, Gang Ding, Lijie State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100087 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau 999078 China State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute Chengdu610000 China

To enable power supply in rural areas and to exploit clean energy, fully renewable power systems consisting of cascaded run-of-the-river hydropower and volatile energies such as pv and wind are built around the world. In islanded operation mode, the primary and secondary frequency control, i.e., hydro governors and automatic generation control (AGC), are responsible for the frequency stability. However, due to limited water storage capacity of run-of-the-river hydropower and river dynamics constraints, without coordination between the cascaded plants, the traditional AGC with fixed participation factors cannot fully exploit the adjustability of cascaded hydropower. When imbalances between the volatile energy and load occur, load shedding can be inevitable. To address this issue, this paper proposes a coordinated tertiary control approach by jointly considering power system dynamics and the river dynamics that couples the cascaded hydropower plants. The timescales of the power system and river dynamics are very different. To unify the multi-timescale dynamics to establish a model predictive controller that coordinates the cascaded plants, the relation between AGC parameters and turbine discharge over a time interval is approximated by a data-based second-order polynomial surrogate model. The cascaded plants are coordinated by optimising AGC participation factors in a receding-horizon manner, and load shedding is minimised. simulation of a real-life system with real-time pv data collected on site shows the proposed method significantly reduces load loss under pv volatility. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric load shedding

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Electrical Tree Evolution under DC Voltages and Its Differences from AC Trees in Silicone Rubber

Electrical Tree Evolution under DC Voltages and Its Differen...

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Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, (CEIDP)

作者： Yunxiao Zhang Yuanxiang Zhou Ling Zhang Chenyuan Teng Zhongliu Zhou Meng Huang State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China The Wind Solar Storage Division of State Key Laboratory of Power System and Generation Equipment School of Electrical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing China

Electrical tree is one of the major issues for insulation failure in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable. In this paper, electrical tree initiation and growth characteristics of silicone rubber (SIR) are studied by optical tree observation system under DC and AC voltage with varied temperature. Moreover, tree channels are pictured and analyzed by 3D fluorescence imaging technology. Results show that the average tree initiation voltage, whether DC or AC, decreases exponentially with increasing temperature. However, the initiation voltage under positive DC voltages is much higher than that under AC voltages. AC tree growth pattern could be roughly divided into two modes: bush-like growing pattern and pine-like growing pattern, while DC trees stop growing after voltage stabilizes. 3D fluorescence tests show that DC tree branches are sparser and the channels are thinner. Based on the trap theory, mechanism of DC electrical tree in SIR is clarified. It is believed that different charge transport dynamics are the main reason for the differences in electrical tree behavior under DC and AC voltages.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Temperature Shape HVDC transmission Conferences Fluorescence Space charge

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Analysis of Application of Superconducting Fault Current Limiter to AC Line of HVDC

Analysis of Application of Superconducting Fault Current Lim...

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International Conference on Advanced power System Automation and Protection (APAP)

作者： Binshu Chen Xinzhou Dong Tsinghua University Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment China

ISBN: (数字)9781728117225

ISBN: (纸本)9781728117232

In LCC-HVDC hybrid grid, commutation failure is an important factor affecting system stability. When there is a fault or a large voltage fluctuation in AC line of LCC-HVDC, a commutation failure will occur. Fault current limiter (FCL) can limit the fault current and prevent commutation failure. Superconducting current limiters using superconducting materials as the core component, have no power loss and do not affect the dynamic performance of the system during normal operation. This article analyze how SFCL acts to suppress commutation failure in AC/DC hybrid systems, and describes the various types of SCFCLs and their limitations for this scene. By building simulation models of SCFCLs applied to AC line of LCC-HVDC invert, the author analyzes the effect of SCFCL on the hybrid grid.

关键词： Superconducting transmission lines Resistance Superconducting coils Fault currents Magnetic fields Inverters Impedance

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Consensus-Based Distributed Economic Dispatch with Optimized Transition Matrix

Consensus-Based Distributed Economic Dispatch with Optimized...

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IEEE power and Energy Society General Meeting

作者： Xinfei Yan Haiwang Zhong Jianxiao Wang Zhenfei Tan State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Beijing China

With an increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in Energy Internet, there is a surge of interest in distributed economic dispatch (DED) problems. The existing literature mainly focuses on average consensus algorithms, the convergence of which remains a bottleneck in practical applications. To improve the convergence rate of DED, this paper proposes a consensus algorithm based on optimized transition matrix (TM) of Markov chain. A DED model is firstly developed under a consensus-based information exchange architecture, in which a generator only communicates with its neighbors. Thus DED is implemented in an iterative manner with generators exchanging information according to a predefined TM. In contrast to the aver-agely weighted TM, we minimize the Frobenius norm (F-norm) of the TM in order to limit the eigenvalues that greatly influence the convergence rate of DED. Additionally, a virtual power method is introduced to meet generators' power limits by reformulating the power allocation ratio. Case studies verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

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A Voltage-fed control Method with Automatic Bidirectional power Switching Capability for CLLC and SR Buck Based Two Stage Converters

A Voltage-fed Control Method with Automatic Bidirectional Po...

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International Conference on power Electronics and Motion control (IPEMC)

作者： Huan Chen Hongsheng Chong Kai Sun You Zhou Hang Zhou John Fletcher State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China Nation Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy Beijing China School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

ISBN: (数字)9781728153018

ISBN: (纸本)9781728153025

The CLLC converter is widely used in bidirectional power conversion systems. The conventional control method for CLLC converter is pulse frequency modulation (PFM) method. However, PFM method can not realize smooth bidirectional power switching, because the driver signals for the primary and the secondary side switches are asymmetric. This paper proposed a voltage-fed control method for CLLC and Synchronous Rectified (SR) Buck two stage converters, which can realize the automatic and smooth bidirectional power switching for CLLC stage. In the proposed control method, the PWM signals for both the primary and the secondary switches are the same. The effectiveness of the proposed voltage-fed control method is verified by experiments.

关键词： Prototypes Switches Pulse width modulation control systems Automatic voltage control power electronics Transient analysis

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