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Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with biomass co-firing and CCS for net zero carbon emission:A plant-by-plant assessment based on GIS-LCA framework

Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with biomass co-firing ...

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第一届全国碳中和与绿色发展大会

作者： Rui Wang Shiyan Chang Xueqin Cui Jin Li Linwei Ma Amit Kumar Yaoyu Nie Wenjia Cai Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTs International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChi State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKLESPC) School of Enviro State Key Laboratory of Power Systems Department of Thermal EngineeringTsinghua-BP Clean Energy Cen Department of Mechanical Engineering 10-263 Donadeo Innovation Centre for EngineeringUniversity of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTs

The targets of limiting global warming levels below 2℃ or even 1.5℃ set by Paris Agreement heavily rely on bioenergy with carbon capture and storage(BECCS),which can remove carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and achieve net zero greenhouse gas(GHG)*** and coal co-firing with CCS is one of BECCS technologies,as well as a pathway to achieve low carbon transformation and upgrading through retrofitting coal power ***,few studies have considered co-firing ratio of biomass to coal based on each specific coal power plant's characteristic information such as location,installed capacity,resources allocation and logistic ***,there is a need to understand whether it is worth retrofitting any individual coal power plant for the benefit of GHG emissions *** is also important to understand which power plant is suitable for retrofit and the associated co-firing *** order to fulfill this gap,this paper develops a framework to solve these questions,which mainly include three ***,biomass resources are assessed at 1-km spatial resolution with the help of RS-GIS ***,by setting biomass collection points and linear program model,resource allocation and supply chain for each power plants are ***,assessing the life-cycle emission for each power *** this study,Hubei Province in China is taken as the research area and study *** main conclusions are as follows:(1)biomass co-firing ratio for each CCS coal power plant to achieve carbon neutral is between 40%~50%;(2)lower co-firing ratio sometimes may obtain better carbon emission reduction benefits;(3)even the same installed capacity power plants should consider differentiated retrofit strategy according to their own *** on the results and analysis above,retrofit suggestions for each power plant are made in the discussion.

关键词： Net zero carbon emission,coal-fired power plant,biomass co-firing GIS-LCA,supply chain,CCS

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Design of a flexure-based XY positioning stage with balanced axial forces on decoupling modules

Design of a flexure-based XY positioning stage with balanced...

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International Conference on Manipulation, Manufacturing and Measurement on the Nanoscale (3M-NANO)

作者： Zhen Zhang Zhiqing Liu Peng Yan Beijing Key Lab of Precision/Ultra-precision Manufacturing Equipments and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Department of Mechanical Engineering Beijing China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China School of Mechanical Engineering Shandong University Jinan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781509029464

This paper presents a novel beam flexure-based XY positioning stage with an axial force balanced design of double parallelogram decoupling modules. By mean of connecting two decoupling modules along the same actuation axis, the axial forces are evenly applied to each side of the motion stage. Therefore the in-plane rotation can be significantly restricted. Also a redundant constraint is proposed to the guidance module to restrict its rotational motions. The monolithical fabrication of the spatial configuration of the proposed mechanism can be resorted to additive manufactured technology. Numerical simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed XY positioning stage.

关键词： Force Actuators Joining processes Numerical simulation Nanopositioning Kinematics Stress

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Effect of surface topography and morphology on space charge packets in polyethylene

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期183卷

作者： Zhou Yuanxiang Wang Yunshan Wang Ninghua Sun Qinghua State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China China Electric Power Research Institute Haidian District Beijing 100085 China

Polyethylene (PE) is a major kind of internal insulating material. With great progresses of space charge measurement technologies in the last three decades, lots of researches are focused on space charge in PE. The heat pressing and annealing condition of polyethylene affect its morphology obviously. During the heat pressing, the surface of PE forms different surface topographies because of different substrate materials. Surface topography has great relation to the epitaxial crystallization layer and influences the space charge characteristic of PE dramatically. This paper studied the formation process of different surface topographies and their micrographic characters in low density polyethylene (LDPE). pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method was used to measure the space charge distribution of samples with different surface topographies and morphologies in LDPE. The effect of surface topography and morphology to space charge packet were studied. The surface topography has great influence on space charge packet polarity and morphology has influence on both movement speed rate and polarity of space charge packet.

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Research on performance robustness of PID control for TITO process with time delays

Research on performance robustness of PID control for TITO p...

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The 8th World Congress on Intelligent control and Automation(第八届智能控制与自动化世界大会 WCICA 2010)

作者： Zengrong Hu Jing Wang Donghai Li Weiqi Li Metallurgical Engineering Research institute　University of Science & Technology Beijing China　Scho Metallurgical Engineering Research institute University of Science & Technology Beijing China State Key Lab of Power Systems Dept of Thermal　Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of automatic control，School of Automation Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing ，China

PID controller has simple structure and easy applicability with strong performance robustness. Decentralized PID controller and decoupling PID controller are widely adopted in the control of two-input-two-output (TITO) processes. Firstly, a simple decoupling controller matrix and a desired dynamic decoupling controller matrix are designed according to the idea of coupling matrix. And then three schemes of controller including decentralized PID controller, simple PID decoupling controller and desired dynamic PID decoupling controller are provided based on the excellent characteristic of DDE. Lastly, the Monte-Carlo stochastic experiment is introduced to analyze performance robustness of the controllers. The simulation experiments illustrate that the simple decoupling control scheme has the ability of complete decoupling and better performance robustness.

关键词： Robustness Mathematical model Distributed control Equations Delay effects Process control

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Design of the PID temperature controller for an alkaline electrolysis system with time delays

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Qi, Ruomei Li, Jiarong Lin, Jin Song, Yonghua Wang, Jiepeng Cui, Qiangqiang Qiu, Yiwei Tang, Ming Wang, Jian State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai China Purification Equipment Research Institute of CSIC Handan China College of Electrical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China

Electrolysis systems use proportional-integral-derivative (PID) temperature controllers to maintain stack temperatures around set points. However, heat transfer delays in electrolysis systems cause manual tuning of PID temperature controllers to be time-consuming, and temperature oscillations often occur. This paper focuses on the design of the PID temperature controller for an alkaline electrolysis system to achieve fast and stable temperature control. A thermal dynamic model of an electrolysis system is established in the frequency-domain for controller designs. Based on this model, the temperature stability is analysed by the root distribution, and the PID parameters are optimized considering both the temperature overshoot and the settling time. The performance of the optimal PID controllers is verified through experiments. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the before-stack temperature should be used as the feedback variable for small lab-scale systems to suppress stack temperature fluctuations, and the after-stack temperature should be used for larger systems to improve the economy. This study is helpful in ensuring the temperature stability and control of electrolysis systems. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Three term control systems

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Analysis of electrical tree ageing in silicone rubber by physicochemical approach

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期183卷

作者： Y X Zhou Q Nie Z Z Chen R Liu State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China

In this paper, the characteristics of electrical tree ageing in silicone rubber (SIR) under AC voltage were studied. The electrical tree initiation rate is 20% after the application of 6 kV AC voltage for 1000 hours. Samples are separated into three kinds according to processes of electrical tree formation: virgin samples without voltage application, non-treed samples without electrical tree formation after 1000 hours and treed samples with electrical tree formation after 1000 hours. Certain physicochemical diagnostic tests were carried out to understand the degradation of material, ascribed to long-time voltage application, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Physicochemical analyses, especially the DSC results, show that no additional phases are formed in the processes of electrical tree ageing in SIR. Reduction of the melting point and crystallinity of SIR is observed in the sequence of virgin samples, non-treed samples and treed samples. The activation energy values were calculated from the TG-DTA data. Compared to virgin samples, obvious reduction of activation energy value is observed in non-treed samples. Degradation in SIR has already occurred before electrical tree formation and charge injection and extraction by high field electrode under AC voltage is regarded as the reason.

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Optimal Sizing and Pricing of Renewable power to Ammonia systems Considering the Limited Flexibility of Ammonia Synthesis

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Yu, Zhipeng Lin, Jin Liu, Feng Li, Jiarong Zhao, Yuxuan Song, Yonghua Song, Yanhua Zhang, XinZhen The State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100087 China Sichuan Energy Internet Reasearch Institute Tsinghua University Chengdu610213 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau 999078 China The Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100087 China Shenzhen Edo Renewable Co. Ltd Shenzhen518067 China

Converting renewable energy into ammonia has been recognized as a promising way to realize "green hydrogen substitution" in the chemical industry. However, renewable power to ammonia (RePtA) requires an essential investment in facilities to provide a buffer against the strong volatility of renewable energy and the limited flexibility of ammonia synthesis, which involves the three main stakeholders, namely, power, hydrogen, and ammonia. Therefore, the sizing and pricing of RePtA play a core role in balancing the interest demands of investors. This paper proposes an optimal sizing and pricing method for RePtA system planning. First, power to ammonia (P2A) is modeled as a flexible load, especially considering the limited flexibility of ammonia synthesis, which has been verified using real dynamic regulation data. Second, the multi-investor economic (MIE) model is established considering both external and internal trading modes. Then, a two-stage decomposed sizing and pricing method is proposed to solve the problem caused by the strong coupling of planning, operation, and trading, and information gap decision theory (IGDT) method is utilized to handle the uncertainty of renewable generation. Finally, real data from a real-life system in Inner Mongolia are utilized to verify the proposed approach. The results show that the system proposed has a yield of 8.15%. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Costs

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Thermal Modelling and controller Design of an Alkaline Electrolysis System under Dynamic Operating Conditions

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

Thermal management is vital for the efficient and safe operation of alkaline electrolysis systems. Traditional alkaline electrolysis systems use simple proportional-integral-differentiation (PID) controllers to maintain the stack temperature near the rated value. However, in renewable-to-hydrogen scenarios, the stack temperature is disturbed by load fluctuations, and the temperature overshoot phenomenon occurs which can exceed the upper limit and harm the stack. This paper focuses on the thermal modelling and controller design of an alkaline electrolysis system under dynamic operating conditions. A control-oriented thermal model is established in the form of a third-order time-delay process, which is used for simulation and controller design. Based on this model, we propose two novel controllers to reduce temperature overshoot: one is a current feed-forward PID controller (PID-I), the other is a model predictive controller (MPC). Their performances are tested on a lab-scale system and the experimental results are satisfying: the temperature overshoot is reduced by 2.2◦C with the PID-I controller, and no obvious overshoot is observed with the MPC controller. Furthermore, the thermal dynamic performance of an MW-scale alkaline electrolysis system is analyzed by simulation, which shows that the temperature overshoot phenomenon is more general in large systems. The proposed method allows for higher temperature set points which can improve system efficiency by 1%. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： controllers

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Optimization of hydrogen yield of a high-temperature electrolysis system with coordinated temperature and feed factors at various loading conditions: a model-based study☆

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Xing, Xuetao Lin, Jin Song, Yonghua Hu, Qiang Zhou, You Mu, Shujun State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Macau Macau China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu610213 China National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy Beijing102211 China Zhejiang Zhentai Energy Tech. Co. Ltd. Lishui Zhejiang Province321400 China

High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) is a promising technology for achieving high-efficiency power-to-gas, which mitigates the renewable curtailment while promoting decarbonization by transforming wind or solar energy into fuels. Different from low-temperature electrolysis, a considerable amount of the input energy is consumed by auxiliary equipment in an HTE system for maintaining the temperature, so the studies on systematic energy description and parameter optimization of HTE are essentially required. A few published studies investigated HTE’s systematic optimization based on simulation, yet there is not a commonly used analytical optimization model which is more suitable for integration with power grid. To fill in this blank, a concise analytical operation model is proposed in this paper to coordinate the necessary power consumptions of auxiliaries under various loading conditions of an HTE system. First, this paper develops a comprehensive energy flow model for an HTE system based on the fundamentals extracted from the existing work, providing a quantitative description of the impacts of condition parameters, including the temperature and the feedstock flow rates. A concise operation model is then analytically proposed to search for the optimal operating states that maximize the hydrogen yield while meeting the desired system loading power by coordinating the temperature, the feedstock flows and the electrolysis current. The evaluation of system performance and the consideration of constraints caused by energy balances and necessary stack requirements are both included. In addition, analytical optimality conditions are obtained to locate the optimal operating states without performing nonlinear programming by further investigating the optimization method. In the case study, a numerical case of an HTE system is employed to validate the proposed operation model and optimization method, which proves that the proposed operation strategies not only improve the overal

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Optimal power and energy sizing of compressed air energy storage in distribution network using multiparametric programming

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期675卷

作者： Fan Chen Zhongjie Guo Qiyou Lin Xiaodai Xue Yuguang Xie Shengwei Mei State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute Hefei 230601 China State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments (Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University) Haidian District Beijing 100084 China State Grid Wuhu Electric Power Supply Company Wuhu 241027 China

As a new type of mechanical energy storage, compressed air energy storage (CAES) has attracted wide attention in recent years. This paper studies the optimal sizing problem of CAES in power distribution network (PDN). CAES plays a role in shaving the peak and filling the valley at demand side and thus reduces the operation cost of PDN to purchase electricity from the main grid. A multi-parametric linear programming (MP-LP) model is formulated where the power and energy capacities of CAES are regarded as parameters; the parameterized optimal value function (OVF) provides a graphical tool to describe the impact on operation cost of CAES configuration, which helps determine the planning strategy in a visual manner. The visualized results reveal not only the optimal solution, but also some useful information, like the sensitivity of operation cost to parameters. Case studies conducted on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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