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243rd ECS Meeting

作者： Cui, Tonghui Han, Minfang Ni, Meng Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Center Department of Energy and Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Tsinghua Innovation Center in Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Department of Building and Real Estate Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781607685395

Solid oxide electrolysis system requires electrical and thermal energy. Five scenarios are defined according to various cases of external heat sources coupling and electrical energy sources. Three methods are proposed to track variations in electrical or thermal load, including constant flow rate (F method), constant steam utilization (Us method) and constant cell operating voltage (V method). Through system process simulation, the applicability of three methods in different scenarios is explored to obtain load regulation strategies. In the scenario coupled with low-temperature heat and intermittent power and the scenario with no heat coupling, the F method is preferred at high loads and the V method is preferred at low loads, while it is the opposite in the scenario coupled with high-temperature heat and intermittent power. The V method is preferred at low loads in the scenario coupled with low-temperature heat and high loads in the scenario coupled with high-temperature heat. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Temperature

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Cause Identification of Single-line-to-ground Fault in Distribution System

Cause Identification of Single-line-to-ground Fault in Distr...

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2021 International Conference on power System Technology, powerCON 2021

作者： Liu, Kun Ren, Xuan Wang, Bin Power Dispatch Control Center of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd Key Lab for Protective Relaying Real Time Digital Simulation of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd. Guangzhou China Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electric Engineering Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665407373

Cause identification of single-line-to-ground fault in the distribution system is of great significance to the electric workers for fault isolation and rapid maintenance. The key of fault cause identification is to accurately and quickly distinguish human electric shock faults from non-biological faults. In this paper, human electric shock faults and non-biological faults are modeled and fault characteristics are analyzed. Based on the differences between shape and rotation characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curves, a fault cause identification method which can distinguish human electric shock faults from non-biological faults is proposed. simulations show the effectiveness of the method. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Electric grounding

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Methodology for Capacity Credit Evaluation of Physical and Virtual Energy Storage in Decarbonized power System

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Qi, Ning Li, Peng Cheng, Lin Zhang, Ziyi Huang, Wenrui Yang, Weiwei State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Co. Ltd Tongzhou District Beijing101100 China

Energy storage (ES) and virtual energy storage (VES) are key components to realizing power system decarbonization. Although ES and VES have been proven to deliver various types of grid services, little work has so far provided a systematical framework for quantifying their adequacy contribution and credible capacity value while incorporating human and market behavior. Therefore, this manuscript proposed a novel evaluation framework to evaluate the capacity credit (CC) of ES and VES. To address the system capacity inadequacy and market behavior of storage, a two-stage coordinated dispatch is proposed to achieve the trade-off between day-ahead self-energy management of resources and efficient adjustment to real-time failures. And we further modeled the human behavior with storage operations and incorporate two types of decision-independent uncertainties (DIUs) (operate state and self-consumption) and one type of decision-dependent uncertainty (DDUs) (available capacity) into the proposed dispatch. Furthermore, novel reliability and CC indices (e.g., equivalent physical storage capacity (EPSC)) are introduced to evaluate the practical and theoretical adequacy contribution of ES and VES, as well as the ability to displace generation and physical storage while maintaining equivalent system adequacy. Exhaustive case studies based on the IEEE RTS-79 system and real-world data verify the significant consequence (10%-70% overestimated CC) of overlooking DIUs and DDUs in the previous works, while the proposed method outperforms other and can generate a credible and realistic result. Finally, we investigate key factors affecting the adequacy contribution of ES and VES, and reasonable suggestions are provided for better flexibility utilization of ES and VES in decarbonized power system. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Behavioral research

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The harmonic characteristics analysis of offshore wind farms transmitted by the submarine cable based on time domain simulation 6

The harmonic characteristics analysis of offshore wind farms...

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2021 6th International Symposium on Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, ISAEECE 2021

作者： Li, Jingyi Yang, Jianjun Shi, Zhaohui Wang, Ke Li, Haozhi Xie, Xiaorong Li, Fangfeng Key Laboratory of Far-shore Wind Power Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang311122 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Haidian District Beijing100084 China

The harmonic amplitude may exceed the limit when the large scale of wind farm is connected to the weak AC system through AC submarine cable. The harmonic with high amplitude will endanger the safety of power equipment, and even affect the normal integration of large-scale wind farm. This paper takes an actual offshore wind power connected to the system through AC submarine cable as an example. On the basis of building the model of the system in the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software. The simulation calculation is systematically carried out. The effect of multiple factors on the harmonic characteristics is analyzed. The preliminary explanation for the harmonic amplitude out of limit is given for the actual large scale of wind farm connected to the weak AC system through AC submarine cable. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Time domain analysis

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ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-MODE OSCILLATIONS OF OFFSHORE WIND FARMS 18

ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-MODE OSCILLATIONS OF OFFSHORE WIND FAR...

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18th International Conference on AC and DC power Transmission, ACDC 2022

作者： Fan, Yupeng Dong, Wenkai Li, Peng Qin, Yi Jiang, Haojie Xie, Xiaorong Datang Guoxin Binhai Offshore Wind Power Generation Co. Ltd Jiangsu Province Yancheng224000 China State Key lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Dept. of Electric Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China China Datang Corporation Science and Technology General Research Institute Ltd Beijing100040 China

ISBN: (数字)9781839537615

ISBN: (纸本)9781839537615

Multi-mode oscillation (MMO) is more prone to happen in the offshore wind farm (OWF) than the onshore, which seriously impacts the safe operation of the system. In this paper, the mechanism for the MMO of the OWF is analytically studied. First, the impedance model (IM) of a grid-connected OWF is derived with the AC submarine cable modelled as a distributed parameter circuit (DPC). Second, since the DPC of N n sections can be approximately seen as composed of N identical capacitances in daisy-chain connection, based on the consistent control theory for homogeneous systems, the IM of the DPC is decoupled into N subsystems, each of which is composed of a x circuit. The IM of the DPC is the weighted sum of the IMs of the N subsystems. As each x circuit has one tip (jump between ±90°) in the amplitude(phase)-frequency characteristics (APFC), the IM of the cable will have N tips (jumps) in the APFC and is much more prone to intersect with the IM of the OWF. Thus, resonance is more likely to happen at multiple frequency points. Finally, effectiveness of the methods proposed and conclusions drawn is validated via study cases. © ACDC 2022. All rights reserved.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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A Stochastic Resource Management Scheme for Multi-Energy Group control System

A Stochastic Resource Management Scheme for Multi-Energy Gro...

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power Electronics, Computer Applications (ICPECA), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Ran Ding Rongfu Sun Yan Geng Yiming Yao Ergang Zhao Lina Xu State Grid Jibei Electric Power Company Limited Beijing China Dept. of Electrical Engineering State Key Lab. of Control and Simulation of Power System and Generation Equipment Tsinghua University Beijing China

The interaction between various energy supply systems (cold, heat, electricity, gas, etc.) is becoming more tightly coupled as social economy and technology advance. Multi-energy systems are ineffective because different types of energy systems run independently. In order to protect the data privacy of each sub-system, this research suggests an ideal resource management framework for a multi-energy group control system. The energy hub (EH) paradigm is first suggested. When deploying EHs, the physical constraints of various energy systems are taken into account. Through scenario-based stochastic programming, the uncertainties of renewable energy are considered. According to the leader-follower relationship between multi-energy group control system operators and energy hub operators (EHOs), Benders decomposition is applied to decentralize the decision-making process. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

关键词： Data privacy Renewable energy sources Uncertainty Decision making Stochastic processes Process control Programming

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Nickel Phase Invades Ysz Electrolyte Through Ysz/Ysz Grain Boundary During Long-Term Operation of Sofc

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Liu, Jiawei Wang, Yige Lyu, Zewei Wang, Chenpeng Ma, Yue Ye, Hao Liu, Yinglong Liu, Yingli Xu, Xiaoru Chen, Zhicong Han, Minfang Liang, Bo School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

A solid oxide fuel cell after long-term operation more than 5000 hours, nickel (Ni) phase is observed at YSZ/YSZ grain boundaries (GBs) within electrolyte. By using a humidified hydrogen, the single cell is electrochemically operated at 720℃ under 0.10 A·cm-2. The thickness of anode/electrolyte interface is thinned to less than 100 nm by a dual beam focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM). As-thinned electrolyte is analyzed by using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The discrete nanostructures ranging from 50nm to 5nm are observed to have developed exclusively along the YSZ/YSZ grain boundaries. It is noted that the nickel phase is found in YSZ GBs of the electrolyte. FFT patterns shows that the invasion phase of nickel is FCC-Ni. A suggested mechanism has been put forth to explain the invasion of Ni phases into the electrolyte through YSZ/YSZ grain boundary. This mechanism takes into consideration the evolution of nanostructures, as well as the diffusion and nucleation of Ni, which involves the formation of Ni-OH species. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanostructures

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Performance-Aware control of Modular Batteries For Fast Frequency Response

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IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lab for Information and Decision Systems CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modular batteries can be aggregated to deliver frequency regulation services for power grids. Although utilizing the idle capacity of battery modules is financially attractive, it remains challenging to consider the heterogeneous module-level characteristics such as dynamic operational efficiencies and battery degradation. In addition, real-time decision making within seconds is required to enable fast frequency response. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a performance-aware scheduling approach for battery modules to deliver fast frequency response (FFR) support. In particular, the conduction loss and switching loss of battery packs as well as converters are captured within a mix-integer quadratic constrained program (MIQCP). The cycle-based aging model identifies the aging cost of battery modules during frequent cycling by introducing the aging subgradient calculation and linearization. Case studies based on real-world battery data show that the proposed scheduling approach can effectively reduce power loss cost by nearly 28%-57% and battery aging cost by 4%-15% compared to conventional methods, which can also enhance the SoC balance. © 2010-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Battery management systems

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Precise regulation of acid pretreatment for red mud SCR catalyst:Targeting on optimizing the acidity and reducibility

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022年第7期16卷 61-71页

作者： Xiang Zhang Yue Xuan Bin Wang Chuan Gao Shengli Niu Gaiju Zhao Dong Wang Junhua Li Chunmei Lu John C.Crittenden National Engineering Laboratory for Coal-Burning Pollutants Emission Reduction School of Energy and Power EngineeringShandong UniversityJinan250061China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control National Engineering Laboratory for Multi Flue Gas Pollution Control Technology and EquipmentSchool of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Energy Institute Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan250013China

Red mud(RM),as an alkaline waste,was recently proved to be a promising substitute for the SCR *** could improve the acidity and reducibility of red mud,which were critical for SCR ***,the dealkalization effect depended on the reaction between acid solution and red *** this study,we realized the directional control of the chemical state of active sites through tuning the acid pretreatment(dealkalization)*** pretreatment endpoint was controlled at pH values of 3–5 with diluted nitric *** the pH values of red mud were 3 and 5(CRM-3 and CRM-5),activated catalysts showed NOx conversion above 90%at 275℃–475℃.The high initial reaction rate,Ce^(3+)/(Ce^(3+)+Ce^(4+))ratio,and surface acidity accounted for the excellent SCR performance of CRM-5 ***,more Fe^(3+) on the CRM-3 surface improved the NH_(3) *** was a strong interaction between Al and Fe in both CRM-5 and CRM-3 *** results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Al-O_(3)-Fe for NH_(3) and NO is stronger than that of Fe-O_(3)-Fe,which enhanced the NOx conversion of the ***,the almandine was formed in CRM-4,consumed part of Fe^(3+) and Al^(3+),and the interaction between Al and Fe was ***,deposited almandine on the catalyst surface covered the active sites,thus leading to lower NH_(3)-SCR activity.

关键词： Air pollution control Nitrogen oxides Selective catalytic reduction Red mud Solid waste utilization

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Semi-empirical equivalent circuit model and evaluation of energy losses for alkaline electrolysis stack in dynamic operations

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 138卷 859-873页

作者： Sha, LianDong Lin, Jin Qi, Ruomei Li, Qinghui Li, Wenying Lin, Ruixiao Gao, Danhui Li, Hang Li, Xiaolong Yang, Chenxi Song, Yonghua State Key Laboratory of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipment Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Tsinghua-Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute Chengdu610213 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu610213 China School of Nuclear Science and Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing100084 China State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City University of Macau 999078 China

In various applications of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) for hydrogen production, the efficiency of AWE stacks is a critical concern. Emerging applications involve significant dynamic operations, necessitating the evaluation of their impact on stack efficiency. However, a quantitative understanding of the power losses within AWE stacks under dynamic conditions remains limited. A significant research challenge exists in the development of models for AWE stacks that can accommodate dynamic operating conditions, and there is a need for a systematic approach to classify and quantify energy losses within the stack. This paper presents a quantitative assessment method for losses in AWE stacks based on a semi-empirical equivalent circuit model (SECM). The losses within the AWE stack are categorized into four types based on their generation mechanisms: overpotential losses, shunt current losses, non-Faradaic losses, and electrochemical cycling losses (cycling losses for short). Using experimental data from 5 MW and 10 kW AWE stacks, the parameters of the SECM observer are identified through a stepwise data-driven approach, resulting in a mean square error of less than 46.4 mV for 5 MW stack and 80.9 mV for 10 kW stack. The constructed SECM observer is employed to simulate the proportion of various losses under different dynamic operating conditions. This paper focuses on the efficiency and loss behaviors of AWE stacks under multi-stack switching strategies. Case studies demonstrate that the current range, ramp rate, regulation period, and duty cycle significantly influence the four types of losses. Based on the SECM observer, recommended parameters for multi-stack switching are provided. This work contributes to accurate assessment of AWE stack efficiency under dynamic operations and provides a methodology for designing AWE stack operating strategies. © 2025 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

关键词： Alkaline water electrolysis stack Dynamic operation Efficiency Electrochemical cycling losses Equivalent circuit model Multi-stack switching strategies

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