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Do full-scale gas-phase biofilters reduce or increase bioaerosol emissions?

Journal of Hazardous Materials 2025年

作者： Lan Tian Marvin Yeung Jinying Xi Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P R China

Biofilters are widely utilized for treating odorous gases. Understanding the biosafety of biofilters in real-world applications necessitates a comprehensive investigation into their bioaerosol emission characteristics. In this study, bioaerosols captured from the inlet and outlet, along with packing material microbiome were investigated over a 12-month period from three full-scale biofilters. Their characteristics, size distribution, and sources were investigated and analyzed. Notably, over 96% of the bioaerosols originated from the inlet air rather than from the packing materials. Full-scale biofilters not only reduced bacterial emissions by 5-17% but also lowered the potential pathogenicity. Although biofilters effectively diminished bioaerosol emissions, there are still potential pathogenicity primarily originated from the inlet air. This study emphasizes the significance of considering upstream processes when evaluating the risks associated with bioaerosols in real-world applications.

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Chemodiversity of soil dissolved organic matter affected by contrasting microplastics from different types of polymers

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第12期17卷 149-162页

作者： Hong Yu Beidou Xi Lingling Shi Wenbing Tan State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater PollutionChinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter(DOM)is a crucial factor controlling soil nutrient availability,greenhouse gas emissions,and pollutant ***(MPs)are widespread pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems in many ***,the effects of MPs on DOM chemodiversity are not sufficiently understood,particularly under different types of *** UV-Vis spectroscopy,3D fluorescence spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry,the effects of three prevalent MPs[polyethylene,polystyrene,and polyvinyl chloride(PVC)]on the chemical properties and composition of soil DOM were investigated via a 310-d soil incubation *** results showed that MPs reduced the aromatic and hydrophobic soil DOM components by more than 20%,with PVC MPs having the greatest ***,as MP contents increase,the humification level of soil DOM significantly *** increased DOM molecules with no heteroatom by 8.3%-14.0%,but decreased DOM molecules with nitrogen content by 17.0%-47.8%.This may be because MPs cause positive“priming effect,”resulting in the breakdown of bioavailable components in soil *** is also related to MPs changing microbial richness and diversity and enriching microbial communities involved in lignin compositions *** the presence of MPs,soil DOM chemodiversity depended on soil pH,electrical conductivity,dissolved organic carbon,soil organic matter,bacterial Shannon,and fungal Chao ***,DOM in MP-contaminated soils featured more lipids and less condensed aromatics and proteins/amino sugars,thereby conferring a lower DOM aromaticity and higher lability.

关键词： Microplastics Dissolved organic matter FT-ICR MS Chemodiversity Molecular signature

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simulation and control strategy for the variational influent of WWTP

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2006年第1期18卷 62-68页

作者： LIU Yan-chen FAN Long SHI Han-chang WANG Zhi-qiang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering TsinghuaUniversity Beijing 100084 China

With the development of activated sludge model, the simulation software for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plant （WWTP） was produced and has been widely used. The dynamic change of the quality and flow of influent are major factors causing the unstable operation of wastewater treatment process. As a basic model, ASMI model was used for the simulation of activated sludge process, and double exponential model was selected for the simulation of secondary sedimentation tank. The influences of influent change to the aeration tank and secondary sedimentation tank were investigated, and the relationship among influent change, the quality of effluent and the level of sludge blanket in secondary sedimentation tank was established. On the basis of the simulation results, the operation of the WWTP could be adjusted under the dynamic change of the influent. Furthermore, the controlling strategy combined the feed-forward on the influent flow and the feedback on the level of sludge blanket in the secondary sedimentation tank was studied.

关键词： modeling dynamic simulation static simulation controlling strategy influent

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Antimicrobial activity of silver loaded MnO_2 nanomaterials with different crystal phases against Escherichia coli

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 112-120页

作者： Lian Wang Hong He Changbin Zhang Li Sun Sijin Liu Shaoxin Wang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Silver-loaded MnO_2 nanomaterials（Ag/MnO_2）,including Ag/α-MnO_2,Ag/β-MnO_2,Ag/γ-MnO_2and Ag/δ-MnO_2 nanorods,were prepared with hydrothermal and impregnation *** bactericidal activities of four types of Ag/MnO_2 nanomaterials against Escherichia coli were investigated and an inactivation mechanism involving Ag~＋ and reactive oxygen species（ROS）was also *** bactericidal activities of Ag/MnO_2 depended on the MnO_2 crystal *** these nanomaterials,Ag/β^-MnO_2 showed the highest bactericidal *** was a 6-log decrease in *** survival number after treatment with Ag/β^-MnO_2 for120 *** results of 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-N-oxide spin-trapping measurements by electron spin resonance indicate OH and O_2^- formation with addition of Ag/β-MnO_2,Ag/γ-MnO_2 or Ag/δ-MnO_*** strongest peak of OH appeared for Ag/β-MnO_2,while no OH or ·O_2^-signal was found over Ag/α-MnO_*** analysis of electron spin resonance（ESR） and Ag＋elution results,it could be deduced that the toxicity of Ag~＋ eluted from Ag/MnO_2 nanomaterials and ROS played the main roles during the bactericidal *** showed the highest dispersion on the surface of β-MnO_2,which promoted ROS formation and the increase of bactericidal *** results also indicated that Ag/MnO_2 induced the production of intracellular ROS and disruption of the cell wall and cell membrane.

关键词： Silver MnO_2 Bactericidal activity Escherichia coli ROS

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Major reactive species of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their sources in Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第z2期48卷 147-154页

作者： SHAO Min FU Linlin LIU Ying LU Sihua ZHANG Yuanhang TANG Xiaoyan State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are important precursors of atmospheric chemical *** a whole mixture,the ambient VOCs show very strong chemical *** on OH radical loss rates in the air,the chemical reactivity of VOCs in Beijing was *** results revealed that alkenes,accounting for only about 15%in the mixing ratio of VOCs,provide nearly 75%of the reactivity of ambient VOCs and the C4 to C5 alkenes were the major reactive species among the *** study of emission characteristics of various VOCs sources indicated that these alkenes are mainly from vehicle exhaust and gasoline *** reduction of alkene species in these two sources will be effective in photochemical pollution control in Beijing.

关键词： alkenes radicals vehicle exhaust gasoline evaporation.

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Application of internal standard method in recombinant luminescent bacteria test

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 128-134页

作者： Yong-zhi Wang Dan Li Miao He Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control (ESPC) State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Fudan University Department of Environmental Science & Engineering

Mercury and its organic compounds have been of severe concern worldwide due to their damage to the ecosystem and human health. The development of effective and affordable technology to monitor and signal the presence of bioavailable mercury is an urgent *** Mer gene is a mercury-responsive resistant gene, and a mercury-sensing recombinant luminescent bacterium using the Mer gene was constructed in this study. The mer operon from marine Pseudomonas putida strain SP1 was amplified and fused with prompterless lux CDABE in the p UCD615 plasmid within Escherichia coli cells, resulting in p THE30–E. *** recombinant strain showed high sensitivity and specificity. The detection limit of Hg^2＋was 5 nmol/L, and distinct luminescence could be detected in 30 min. Cd^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋, Ca^2＋,Pb^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, and Al^3＋did not interfere with the detection over a range of 10-5–1 m *** of recombinant luminescent bacteria testing in environmental samples has been a controversial issue： especially for metal-sensing recombinant strains, false negatives caused by high cytotoxicity are one of the most important issues when applying recombinant luminescent bacteria in biomonitoring of heavy metals. In this study, by establishing an internal standard approach, the false negative problem was overcome;furthermore, the method can also help to estimate the suspected mercury concentration,which ensures high detection sensitivity of bioavailable Hg2＋.

关键词： Mercury Biomonitoring Recombinant luminescent bacteria p THE30–E.coli Internal standard method False negative

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Mercury mass flow in iron and steel production process and its implications for mercury emission control

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第5期28卷 293-301页

作者： Fengyang Wang Shuxiao Wang Lei Zhang Hai Yang Wei Gao Qingru Wu Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084 China

The iron and steel production process is one of the predominant anthropogenic sources of atmospheric mercury emissions worldwide. In this study, field tests were conducted to study mercury emission characteristics and mass flows at two iron and steel plants in China. It was found that low-sulfur flue gas from sintering machines could contribute up to41% of the total atmospheric mercury emissions, and desulfurization devices could remarkably help reduce the emissions. Coal gas burning accounted for 17%–49% of the total mercury emissions, and therefore the mercury control of coal gas burning, specifically for the power plant burning coal gas to generate electricity, was significantly important. The emissions from limestone and dolomite production and electric furnaces can contribute29.3% and 4.2% of the total mercury emissions from iron and steel production. More attention should be paid to mercury emissions from these two processes. Blast furnace dust accounted for 27%–36% of the total mercury output for the whole iron and steel production process. The recycling of blast furnace dust could greatly increase the atmospheric mercury emissions and should not be conducted. The mercury emission factors for the coke oven,sintering machine and blast furnace were 0.039–0.047 g Hg/ton steel, and for the electric furnace it was 0.021 g Hg/ton steel. The predominant emission species was oxidized mercury, accounting for 59%–73% of total mercury emissions to air.

关键词： Iron and steel plant Mercury Emission characteristics Mass flow Emission control

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Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 388-395页

作者： Zhenli Sun Fengkui Duan Kebin He Jingjing Du Liu Yang Hui Li Tao Ma Shuo Yang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of more than 400 million people in China. It is therefore of great importance to thoroughly investigate and understand their composition. To determine the physicochemical properties in atmospheric fine particles at the micrometer level, we described a sensitive and feasible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) method using Ag foil as a substrate. This novel method enhanced the Raman signal intensities up to 10,000 a.u. for ν(NO_3^-) in fine *** SERS effect of Ag foil was further studied experimentally and theoretically and found to have an enhancement factor of the order of ～10~4. Size-fractionated real particle samples with aerodynamic diameters of 0.4–2.5 μm were successfully collected on a heavy haze day,allowing ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as soot, nitrates, and sulfates. These results suggest that the Ag-foil-based SERS technique can be effectively used to determine the microscopic characteristics of individual fine particles, which will help to understand haze formation mechanisms and formulate governance policies.

关键词： SERS PM2.5 Individual particle Atmospheric

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An optimized two-step derivatization method for analyzing diethylene glycol ozonation products using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第3期29卷 313-321页

作者： Ran Yu Lei Duan Jingkun Jiang Jiming Hao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China

The ozonation of hydroxyl compounds （e.g., sugars and alcohols） gives a broad range of products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic adds. This study developed and optimized a two-step derivatization procedure for analyzing polar products of aldehydes and carboxylic acids from the ozonation of diethylene glycol （DEG） in a non-aqueous environment using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Experiments based on Central Composite Design with response surface methodology were carried out to evaluate the effects of derivatization variables and their interactions on the analysis. The most desirable derivati- zation conditions were reported, i.e., oximation was performed at room temperature overnight with the o-（2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl） hydroxyl amine to analyte molar ratio of 6, silylation reaction temperature of 70℃, reaction duration of 70 min, and N,O-bis（trimethylsilyl）- trifluoroacetamide volume of 12.5 μL. The applicability of this optimized procedure was verified by analyzing DEG ozonation products in an ultrafine condensation particle counter simulation system.

关键词： Gas chromatography-massspectrometryResponse surface methodologyCentral Composite DesignDiethylene glycol ozonation

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In situ airborne virus inactivation by microwave irradiation

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第13期59卷 1438-1445页

作者： Yan Wu Maosheng Yao State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University

Infectious diseases cause tremendous costs of both human and economy ***,we have studied the bacterial,fungal,and allergen aerosol inactivation by direct microwave ***,we further investigated its effects on airborne ***2 coliphage used as a human model virus was aerosolized and exposed to the direct microwave irradiation for*2 min at three different power levels(700,385,and 119 W).In addition to the survival rate,the viral genes before and after the microwave treatments were also examined using PCR and gel *** exposure of airborne MS2viruses to the microwave irradiation at 700 W for less than2 min was shown to result in more than 90%inactivation efficiency,about 65%at medium power level(385 W),and 50%at the lowest level(119 W).The aerosol inactivation rate followed a linear relationship with the microwave exposure time(R2=0.9889).Scanning electron images revealed visible damages to the viral surface after the *** were also observed to the viral RNA genes coding for coat proteins,among which the A protein gene was completely *** study demonstrated that even without the filtration the direct microwave irradiation could also achieve rapid inactivation of viral *** information obtained can provide useful guidance on the development of microwave-based viral threat mitigation solutions in a closed or semi-closed space.

关键词：病毒灭活微波辐射空气病毒基因微波照射感染性疾病气溶胶大肠杆菌

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