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Indoor carbonyl compounds in an academic building in Beijing, China： concentrations and influencing factors

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 184-194页

作者： Chuanjia JIANG Pengyi ZHANG State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Carbonyl compounds in indoor air are of great concern for their adverse health effects. Between February and May, 2009, concentrations of 13 carbonyl compounds were measured in an academic building in Beijing, China. Total concentration of the detected carbonyls ranged from 20.7 to 189.1 ***.m3, and among them acetone and formaldehyde were the most abundant, with mean concentrations of 26.4 and 22.6gg.m-3, respectively. Average indoor concentrations of other carbonyls were below I 0 gg. m^3. Principal component analysis identified a combined effect of common indoor carbonyl sources and ventilation on indoor carbonyl levels. Diurnal variations of the carbonyl compounds were investigated in one office room, and carbonyl concentrations tended to be lower in the daytime than at night, due to enhanced ventilation. Average concentrations of carbonyl compounds in the office room were generally higher in early May than in late February, indicating the influence of temperature. Carbo- nyl source emission rates from both the room and human occupants were estimated during two lectures, based on one-compartment mass balance model. The influence of human occupants on indoor carbonyl concentrations varies with environmental conditions, and may become signifi- cant in the case of a large human occupancy.

关键词： carbonyl compounds indoor air ventilation,human occupancy source emission rate (SER) principalcomponent analysis (PCA)

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Discovery of emerging organic pollutants in the atmosphere through an omics approach

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 71-81页

作者： Zhen Cheng Xinghua Qiu Xiaodi Shi Xing Jiang Tong Zhu State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Environment and HealthPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Ambient air pollution,containing numerous known and hitherto unknown compounds,is a major risk factor for public *** discovery of harmful components is the prerequisite for pollution control;however,this raises a great challenge on recognizing previously unknown *** we systematically review the analytical techniques on air pollution in the framework of an omics approach,with a brief introduction on sample preparation and analysis,and in more detail,compounds prioritization and *** high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS,typically coupled with chromatography),the complicated environmental matrix can be digitalized into“fullcomponent”data.A key step to discover emerging compounds is the prioritization of compounds from massive *** fingerprints,suspect lists and biological effects are the most vital untargeted strategies for comprehensively screening critical and hazardous ***,compressed data of compounds can be identified at various confidence levels according to exact mass and the derived molecular formula,MS libraries,and authentic *** an omics approach on full-component data provides a paradigm for discovering emerging air pollutants;nonetheless,new technological advancements of instruments and databases are warranted for further tracking the environmental behaviors,hence to evaluate the health risk of key pollutants.

关键词： Air pollution Emerging pollutants Full-component High-resolution mass spectrometry Omics approach

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Determination of Henry's Law constant for methyl hydroperoxide by long path FTIR

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自然科学进展(英文版) 2004年第9期14卷 765-769页

作者： LI Shuang CHEN Zhongming SHI Fei The State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Methyl hydroperoxide (MHP, CH3OOH) is one of the main organic peroxides in the atmosphere. In order to understand how MHP partitions in atmospheric gas and liquid phases, the Henry's Law constant for its aqueous solution is determined. A novel technique is established for measuring gas-phase MHP concentration, I.e. The gas phase is collected by a gas-bag and then analyzed by long path Fourier transform infrared (LP-FTIR) spectrometry. At 283 K～303 K, the temperature dependence of the Henry's Law constant for MHP can be expressed as lnKH= a/T - b, a = 4386 ± 140, b = 9.19 ± 0.48, where KH is in unit of molar concentration per atm,and T is in degrees Kelvin. The standard heat of solution is 36.45 ± 1.16 kJ· K- 1· mol-1.

关键词： Henry's Law constant methyl hydroperoxide atmosphere FTIR

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Adsorption behavior of antibiotic in soil environment： a critical review

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 565-574页

作者： Shiliang WANG Hui WANG State Key Joint Laboratory on Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Antibiotics are used widely in human and veterinary medicine, and are ubiquitous in environment matrices worldwide. Due to their consumption, excretion, and persistence, antibiotics are disseminated mostly via direct and indirect emissions such as excrements, sewage irrigation, and sludge compost and enter the soil and impact negatively the natural ecosystem of soil. Most antibiotics are amphiphilic or amphoteric and ionize. A non-polar core combined with polar functional moieties makes up numerous antibiotic molecules. Because of various molecule structures, physicochemical properties vary widely among antibiotic compounds. Sorption is an important process for the environment behaviors and fate of antibiotics in soil environment. The adsorption process has decisive role for the environmental behaviors and the ultimate fates of antibiotics in soil. Multiply physicochem- ical properties of antibiotics induce the large variations of their adsorption behaviors. In addition, factors of soil environment such as the pH, ionic strength, metal ions, and organic matter content also strongly impact the adsorption processes of antibiotics. Review about adsorption of antibiotics on soil can provide a fresh insight into understanding the antibiotic-soil interactions. Therefore, literatures about the adsorption mechanisms of antibiotics in soil environment and the effects of environment factors on adsorption behaviors of antibiotics in soil are reviewed and discussed systematically in this review.

关键词： adsorption antibiotics environment factors,soil

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Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea in Tibetan and Yunnan plateau agricultural soils of China

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第5期8卷 693-702页

作者： Kun DING Xianghua WEN Liang CHEN Daishi HUANG Fan FEI Yuyang LI Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

As low oxygen and high ultraviolet （UV） exposure might significantly affect the microbial existence in plateau, it could lead to a specialized microbial community. To determine the abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing archaea （AOA） in agricultural soil of plateau, seven soil samples were collected respectively from farmlands in Tibet and Yunnan cultivating the wheat, highland-barley, and colza, which are located at altitudes of 3200-3800 m above sea level. Quantitative PCR （q-PCR） and clone library targeting on amoA gene were used to quantify the abundances of AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB）, and characterize the community structures of AOA in the samples. The number of AOA cells （9.34 × 10^7-2.32× 10^8 g^-1 soil） was 3.86-21.84 times greater than that of AOB cells （6.91 × 10^6-1.24 × 10^8 g^-1 soil） in most of the samples, except a soil sample cultivating highland- barley with an AOA/AOB ratio of 0.90. Based Kendall＇s correlation coefficient, no remarkable correlation between AOA abundance and the environmental factor was observed. Additionally, the diversities of AOA community were affected by total nitrogen and organic matter concentration in soils, suggesting that AOA was probably sensitive to several environmental factors, and could adjust its community structure to adapt to the environmental variation while maintaining its abundance.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing archaea ammonia-oxidizing bacteria quantitative PCR clone library plateau

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Quantification of multi-antibiotic resistant opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols in and around a pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plant

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 53-63页

作者： Mengyu Zhang Jiane Zuo Xin Yu Xuchuan Shi Lei Chen Zaixing Li State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology

Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） are thought to be a ＂seedbed＂ and reservoirs for multi-antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria which can be transmitted to the air environment through aeration. We quantified airborne multi-antibiotic resistance in a full-scale plant to treat antibiotics-producing wastewater by collecting bioaerosol samples from December2014 to July 2015. Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria（GNOPB） were isolated, and antibiotic susceptibility tests against 18 commonly used antibiotics, including 11 β-lactam antibiotics, 3 aminoglycosides, 2 fluoroquinolones, 1 furan and 1 sulfonamide, were *** than 45% of airborne bacteria isolated from the pharmaceutical WWTP were resistant to three or more antibiotics, and some opportunistic pathogenic strains were resistant to 16 antibiotics, whereas 45.3% and 50.3% of the strains isolated from residential community and municipal WWTP showed resistance to three or more antibiotics. The calculation of the multiple antibiotic resistance（MAR） index demonstrated that the air environment in the pharmaceutical WWTP was highly impacted by antibiotic resistance, while the residential community and municipal WWTP was less impacted by antibiotic resistance. In addition, we determined that the dominant genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated from all bioaerosol samples were Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Collectively, these results indicate the proliferations and spread of antibiotic resistance through bioaerosols in WWTP treating cephalosporin-producing wastewater, which imposed a potential health risk for the staff and residents in the neighborhood, calling for administrative measures to minimize the air-transmission hazard.

关键词： Multi-antibiotic resistance Gram-negative opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Bioaerosols Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants

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Biogenic Isoprene Emission Mechanism from ^(13)CO_2 Exposure Experiments

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第9期13卷 897-900页

作者： Min SHAO state Joint key laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control, Center for environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871 State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center for Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Biogenic isoprene emissions have been believed to be from only photosynthesis processes in plant. However nocturnal isoprene emission from pine is detected. And by feeding 13CO2 to plants, it is found that both photos... 详细信息

关键词： Emissions volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 13C labeling isoprene.

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Impact of disinfection on drinking water biofilm bacterial community

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 200-205页

作者： Zilong Mi Yu Dai Shuguang Xie Chao Chen Xiaojian Zhang State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC) Tsinghua University School of Environment Tsinghua University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University

Disinfectants are commonly applied to control the growth of microorganisms in drinking water distribution systems. However, the effect of disinfection on drinking water microbial community remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the impacts of different disinfectants（chlorine and chloramine） and dosages on biofilm bacterial community in bench-scale pipe section reactors. Illumina MiS eq sequencing illustrated that disinfection strategy could affect both bacterial diversity and community structure of drinking water biofilm. Proteobacteria tended to predominate in chloraminated drinking water biofilms, while Firmicutes in chlorinated and unchlorinated biofilms. The major proteobacterial groups were influenced by both disinfectant type and dosage. In addition, chloramination had a more profound impact on bacterial community than chlorination.

关键词： Drinking water distribution systems Disinfection Microbial community High-throughput sequencing Firmicutes Proteobacteria

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Effects of pH on photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in different atmospheres by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2207-2214页

作者： Yuan Wang Pengyi Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guizhou University

Perfluorooctanoic acid （PFOA）, a persistent organic pollutant, receives increasing concerns due to its worldwide occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. The photochemical decomposition by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） is one of the efficient methods for PFOA decomposition. The effects of pH on PFOA decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere or oxygen atmosphere were investigated. At its original pH （4.5） of PFOA aqueous solution, PFOA decomposed efficiently both in nitrogen and in oxygen atmosphere. However, when the pH increased to 12.0, PFOA decomposition was greatly inhibited in oxygen atmosphere, while it was greatly accelerated in nitrogen atmosphere with a very short half-life time （9 rain）. Furthermore, fluorine atoms originally contained in PFOA molecules were almost completely transformed into fluoride ions. Two decomposi- tion pathways have been proposed to explain the PFOA decomposition under different conditions. In acidic and neutral solutions, PFOA predominantly decomposes via the direct photolysis in both atmospheres; while in the alkaline solution and in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition of PFOA is mainly induced by hydrated electrons.

关键词： Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs)185 nm vacuum ultraviolet Persistent organic pollutants Photochemical Perfluorinated compounds

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Potential of secondary aerosol formation from Chinese gasoline engine exhaust

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 348-357页

作者： Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking University State key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy Department of Automotive Engineering Tsinghua University

Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds（VOCs）. However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol（SOA） production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China.

关键词： Port fuel injection Gasoline engine exhaust Secondary aerosol formation Chamber simulation Secondary organic aerosol

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