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Effects of seed particles Al2O3, Al2（SO4）3 and H2SO4 on secondary organic aerosol

Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 161-169页

作者： Xiao Zhang Biwu Chu Junhua Li Chaozhi Zhang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Seed particles Al2O3, Al2（SO4）3 and H2SO4 were selected to investigate their effects on secondary aerosol （SA） formation in toluene/NOx photooxidation under sulfur dioxide （SO2） and ammonia （NH3）. Effect of seed particles on SA formation was related to their acid-base properties and the presence of acid or alkaline gases. Under NH3-poor condition, SA formation increased with increasing SO2 concentration due to the acid-catalyzing effect of the oxidation products of SO2 （i.e. H2SO4）, The enhancing effect of SO2 became unobvious under NH3-rieh condition, because NH3 would eliminate the acid-catalyzing effect by neutralizing the acid products. Acidic seeds H2SO4 accelerated SA formation under either SO2 or NH3 condition. Weak acidic Al2（SO4）3 seeds didn＇t affect obviously on SA formation. The inhibiting effect of amphoteric seeds Al2O3 on SA formation was related to the presence of SO2 / NH3 due to their acid-base property. Under NH3-poor condition, the inhibiting effect of Al2O3 on SA formation decreased with increasing concentration of SO2, while under NH3-rich condition, the inhibiting effect wasn＇t remarkable.

关键词： Seed particle Secondary aerosol Sulfur dioxide Ammonia Acid-catalyzing effect

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Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater

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Frontiers of environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第6期12卷 119-131页

作者： Xin Xing Yin Yu Hongbo Xi Guangqing Song Yajiao Wang Jiane Zuo Yuexi Zhou State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) wastewater is one of the most toxic petrochemical wastewater. Toxicants with high concentrations in TMP wastewater often inhibit the activity of microorganisms associated with biological treatment processes. The hydrolysis acidification process (HAP) is widely used to pretreat petrochemical wastewater. However, the effects of HAP on the reduction of wastewater toxicity and the relevant underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, an HAP reactor was operated for 240 days, fed with actual TMP wastewater diluted by tap water in varying ratios. The toxicity of TMP wastewater was assessed with the inhibition ratio of oxygen uptake rate. When the organic loading rates were lower than 7.5 kg COD/m3/d, the toxicity of TMP wastewater was completely eliminated. When the actual TMP wastewater was directly fed into the reactor, the toxicity of TMP wastewater decreased from 100% to 34.9%. According to the results of gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis, four main toxicants contained in TMP wastewater, namely, formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol, were all significantly removed, with removal efficiencies of 93.42%, 95.42%, 72.85% and 98.94%, respectively. Compared with the removal efficiency of CODCr, the reduction rate of toxicity is markedly higher by HAP. In addition, the change of microbial community in the HAP reactor, along the operation period, was studied. The results revealed that, compared with the seed sludge, Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (abundance increased from 0.51% to 57.08%), followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (abundance increased from 59.75% to 25.99% and from 4.70% to 8.39%, respectively).

关键词： Trimethylolpropane wastewater Hydrolysis acidification process Toxicity Oxygen uptake rate 16S rDNA

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Distribution and elimination of polycyclic musks in three sewage treatment plants of Beijing, China

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第5期21卷 561-567页

作者： ZHOU Haidong HUANG Xia GAO Mijun WANG Xiaolin WEN Xianghua State Key laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 China

The two representative polycyclic musks, 1-（5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthenyl）-ethanone （AHTN） and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyrane （HHCB）, were measured in aqueous samples and sludge samples of three sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Beijing, China using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry. The HHCB and AHTN concentration ranges in the influents were 1251.4-3003.8 ng/L and 111.9-286.3 ng/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the ranges of 492.8-1285.3 ng/L for HHCB and 47.3-89.3 ng/L for AHTN were present in the effluents. The musks in the sludges were three to four orders of magnitude higher than those in aqueous sewages. The removal *** the two musks varied in the ranges of 41.7%- 70.1% for HHCB, and 25.5%-68.8% for AHTN. Adsorption onto suspended particulate matter played an important role in removing musks from the sewages. The HHCB/AHTN ratio along the treatment processes showed that the two musks had high similarity of removal from sewage by each reactor in STP. The musks in the effluent sewages may pose a low potential risk to aquatic environment in terms of the predicted-non-effect concentration. Nevertheless, considering the possible additive and synergistic effects with other compounds emitted via STPs, their bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms and so on, it is essential to monitor these compounds in various compartments and to study their environmental fate.

关键词： polycyclic musks sewage sludge removal efficiency galaxolide tonalide

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Metagenomic insights into the profile of antibiotic resistomes in sediments of aquaculture wastewater treatment system

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 345-355页

作者： Jianfei Chen Yuyin Yang Xinshu Jiang Yanchu Ke Tao He Shuguang Xie State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(SKJLESPC) Beijing Key Laboratory for Emerging Organic Contaminants Control(BKLEOC)School of EnvironmentPOPs Research CenterTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences(SCIES) Ministry of Ecology and Environment(MEE)Guangzhou 510655China

To meet the rapidly growing global demand for aquaculture products,large amounts of antibiotics were used in aquaculture,which might accelerate the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB)and the propagation of antibiotic genes(ARGs).In our research,we revealed the ARGs profiles,their co-occurrence with mobile genetic elements(MGEs),and potential hosts in sediments of a crab pond wastewater purification system based on metagenomic *** residual antibiotic seems to increase the propagation of ARGs in the crab pond,but there was no clear relationship between a given antibiotic type and the corresponding resistance *** effect of aquaculture on sediment was not as profound as that of other anthropogentic activities,but increased the relative abundance of sulfon-amide resistance gene.A higher abundance of MGEs,especially plasmid,increased the po-tential ARGs dissemination risk in crab and purification *** and sulfonamide resistance genes had greater potential to transfer because they were more frequently carried by *** horizontal gene transfer was likely to occur among a variety of microorgan-isms,and various ARGs hosts including Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Escherichia,and Klebsiella were *** community influenced the composition of ARG hosts,and Pro-teobacteria was the predominant ***,our study provides novel insights into the environmental risk of ARGs in sediments of aquaculture wastewater treatment system.

关键词： Metagenomic sequencing Aquaculture Antibiotic resistome Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) Mobile genetic elements(MGEs) ARG hosts

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Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2007年第2期19卷 167-175页

作者： ZHANG Yuan-xun SHAO Min ZHANG Yuan-hang ZENG Li-min HE Ling-yan ZHU Bin WEI Yong-jie ZHU Xian-lei State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China Shenzhen Graduate School Peking University Shenzhen 518055 China

Cereal straw is one of the most abundant biomass burned in China but its contribution to fine particulates is not adequately understood. In this study, three main kinds of cereal straws were collected from five grain producing areas in China. Fine particulate matters （PMzs） from the cereal straws subjected to control burnings, both under smoldering and flaming status, were sampled by using a custom made dilution chamber and sampling system in the laboratory. Element carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） was analyzed. 141 compounds of organic matters were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrum （GC-MS）. Source profiles of particulate organic matters emitted from cereal straw burnings were obtained. The results indicated that organic matters contribute a large fraction in fine particulate matters. Levoglucosan had the highest contributions with averagely 4.5% in mass of fine particulates and can be considered as the tracer of biomass burnings. Methyloxylated phenols from lignin degradation also had high concentrations in PM2.5, and contained approximately equal amounts of guaiacyl and syringyl compounds. 13-Sitostrol also made up relatively a large fraction of PMz5 compared with the other sterols （0.18%-0.63% of the total fine particle mass）. Normal alkanes, PAHs, fatty acids, as well as normal alkanols had relatively lower concentrations compared with the compounds mentioned above. Carbon preference index （CPI） of normal alkanes and alkanoic acids showed characteristics of biogenic fuel burnings. Burning status significantly influenced the formations of EC and PAHs. The differences between the emission profiles of straw and wood combustions were displayed by the fingerprint compounds, which may be used to identify the contributions between wood and straw burnings in source apportionment researches.

关键词： biomass burning cereal straw particulate organic matter source profile

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Heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde on the surface of TiO_2 particles

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第12期53卷 2644-2651页

作者： XU BingYe 1,2,ZHU Tong 1,TANG XiaoYan 1 & SHANG Jing 1 1 state key Joint laboratory of environmental simulation and pollution control College of environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2 Zhejiang Province environmental Monitoring Center,Hangzhou 310012,China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Beijing China Zhejiang Province Environmental Monitoring Center Hangzhou China

The heterogeneous reaction of formaldehyde (HCHO) on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO2) was investigated in situ using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) combined with ion chromatography (IC),X-ray diffraction (XRD),and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Formate,dioxymethylene,methoxy,and polyoxymethylene were observed in the infrared spectra of TiO2 particles during the *** the surface of TiO2,the adsorbed HCHO was first oxidized to dioxymethylene and further oxidized to *** effects of temperature and ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the reaction products and reactive uptake coefficients were studied,and the results indicate that the reaction rate can be accelerated at increasing temperatures as well as under *** heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of HCHO on the surface of TiO2 in the dark and under UV irradiation are *** measurements show that formate formation on TiO2 is second order in HCHO concentration and the initial reactive uptake coefficients at room temperature calculated with the Brunauer-EmmettTeller specific surface area are (0.5-5) × 10-8 ([HCHO]:1 × 1013-2 × 10 14 molecules/cm3).A linear function relationship exists between the uptake coefficient and the *** apparent activation energy of the reaction was also determined.

关键词： DRIFTS formaldehyde heterogeneous reaction reactive uptake coefficient TiO2

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Organic peroxide production in the CI_2-ethane-air photoreaction system

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Science China Chemistry 2001年第1期44卷 74-79页

作者：齐斌胡敏陈忠明邵可声张远航唐孝炎 Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China

HPLC along with FT-IR technique was used to study the formation of organic peroxides in the Cl2-ethane-air photoreaction system. Ethyl hydroperoxide (CH3CH21OOH, EHP) and peroxyacetic acid ( CH3C(O)OOH, PAA) were conformed to be the peroxide product in the reaction system. In addition, methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH, hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HOCH2OOH, HMHP) and two unidentified organic peroxides were detected for the first time. EHP and were the dominant peroxide products. The identification of HMHP showed that Criegee biradical CH2OO may be formed as an intermediate in the oxidation of ethane. simulation results showed that photooxidation of ethane may make substantial contribution to source of organic peroxides in the atmosphere.

关键词： ethane HPLC FT-IR photooxidation organic peroxides

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Formation of organic peroxides in the photooxidation of CH_4

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Science China Chemistry 1998年第5期41卷 488-493页

作者：齐斌陈忠明邵可声胡敏张远航唐孝炎 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Center of Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing China Department of Chemistry Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an China

The formation of organic peroxides in the Cl\|atom\|initiated photooxidation of CH\-4 in O\-2\|N\-2 mixtures at 101 325 Pa and 298 K was studied with HPLC and FT\|IR methods. Four peroxidic products were detected, which were H\-2O\-2, hydroxymethyl hydroperoxide (HOCH\-2OOH; HMHP), methyl peroxide (CH\-3OOH; MHP) and dimethyl peroxide (CH\-3OOCH\-3). A chromatogram peak at retention time of 8.08 min was assigned tentatively to peroxyformic acid (HC(O)OOH). The identification of HMHP in the reaction system showed that one of the reaction paths for the self\|reaction of CH\-3OO· led to producing Criegee intermediate ·CH\-2OO·. The formation mechanism of organic peroxide in the photooxidation of CH\-4 is more complicated than it was assumed before. Photooxidation of CH\-4 is probably an important source of organic peroxides in the troposphere.

关键词： CH\-4 HPLC FT\|IR photooxidation organic peroxides.

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Sources and characteristics of fine particles over the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea using online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第3期27卷 62-70页

作者： Huaiyu Fu Mei Zheng Caiqing Yan Xiaoying Li Huiwang Gao Xiaohong Yao Zhigang Guo Yuanhang Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking University Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology Ministry of Education Ocean University of China

Marine aerosols over the East China Seas are heavily polluted by continental sources. During the Chinese Comprehensive Ocean Experiment in November 2012, size and mass spectra of individual atmospheric particles in the size range from 0.2 to 2.0 μm were measured on board by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer （SPAMS）. The average hourly particle number （PN） was around 4560 ＋ 3240 in the South Yellow Sea （SYS）, 2900 ± 3970 in the North Yellow Sea （NYS）, and 1700 ± 2220 in the Bohai Sea （BS）. PN in NYS and BS varied greatly over 3 orders of magnitude, while that in SYS varied shghtly. The size distributions were fitted with two log-normal modes. Accumulation mode dominated in NYS and BS, especially during episodic periods. Coarse mode particles played an important role in SYS. Particles were dassifled using an adaptive resonance theory based neural network algorithm （ART-2a）. Six particle types were identified with secondary-containing, aged sea-salt, soot-like, biomass burning, fresh sea-salt, and lead-containing particles accounting for 32%, 21%, 18%, 16%, 4%, and 3% of total PN, respectively. Aerosols in BS were relatively enriched in particles from anthropogenic sources compared to SYS, probably due to emissions from more developed upwind regions and indicating stronger influence of continental outflow on marine environment. Variation of source types depended mainly on origins of transported air masses. This study examined rapid changes in PN, size distribution and source types of fine particles in marine atmospheres. It also demonstrated the effectiveness of hi,h-time-resolution source apportionment by ART-2a.

关键词： Source apportionment Marine aerosol Size and chemical composition SPAMS East China Sea

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Comparison of changes of typical river segment ecosystem service value in LRGR

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A2期52卷 262-272页

作者： WEI GuoLiang CUl BaoShan YANG ZhiFeng BAI JunHong WANG Juan HU Bo State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875 China

来自 Lancang 河和 Yuanjiang 河的河片断生态系统的陆地使用变化从 1985 ～ 2000 被学习以便比较他们服务价值的变化并且分析开车机制基于 eco 经济并且 GIS 方法。结果显示出那个森林在两个的区域河片断生态系统被减少。在 Lancang 河... 详细信息

来自 Lancang 河和 Yuanjiang 河的河片断生态系统的陆地使用变化从 1985 ～ 2000 被学习以便比较他们服务价值的变化并且分析开车机制基于 eco 经济并且 GIS 方法。结果显示出那个森林在两个的区域河片断生态系统被减少。在 Lancang 河(LR ) 片断生态系统的减少的森林主要与 56.0% 的变换率被转变成大地，当在 Yuanjiang 河(年) 片断生态系统的减少的森林主要与 42.5% 的变换率被转变成住处土地时。变化数量和在 LR 片断生态系统的每种陆地使用类型的区域的变化率比在 YR 片断生态系统的那些大得多。LR 片断生态系统的全部的服务价值与 15.3% 的变化率被减少，当年片断生态系统的与 0.6% 的变化率被增加时。Manwan 水力发出的电力开发是与 93% 的贡献率导致了 LR 片断生态系统的服务价值的变化的主要人为的开车因素。农业活动是在有 59% 的贡献率的 YR 片断生态系统的最重要的开车因素。沉积交通服务源于 Manwan 水力发出的电力工程建设的价值的损失应该负责水的服务价值的重要减少，甚至为整个 LR 片断生态系统。在学习区域的森林和草地的生态系统服务系数比在中国的平均水平高得多，那么是间接价值的比率指导两个的价值河片断生态系统。在人的活动的影响下面，为提供产品的河生态系统的能力被提高，当维持自然生态系统健康被削弱时。

关键词：纵向岭谷区河流生态环境评估方法

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