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A survey on multimodal large language models

National Science Review 2024年第12期11卷 277-296页

作者： Shukang Yin Chaoyou Fu Sirui Zhao Ke Li Xing Sun Tong Xu Enhong Chen School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Intelligence Science and Technology Nanjing University Tencent YouTu Lab

Recently, the multimodal large language model(MLLM) represented by GPT-4V has been a new rising research hotspot, which uses powerful large language models(LLMs) as a brain to perform multimodal tasks. The surprising emergent capabilities of the MLLM, such as writing stories based on images and optical character recognition–free math reasoning, are rare in traditional multimodal methods, suggesting a potential path to artificial general intelligence. To this end, both academia and industry have endeavored to develop MLLMs that can compete with or even outperform GPT-4V, pushing the limit of research at a surprising speed. In this paper, we aim to trace and summarize the recent progress of MLLMs. First, we present the basic formulation of the MLLM and delineate its related concepts, including architecture,training strategy and data, as well as evaluation. Then, we introduce research topics about how MLLMs can be extended to support more granularity, modalities, languages and scenarios. We continue with multimodal hallucination and extended techniques, including multimodal in-context learning, multimodal chain of thought and LLM-aided visual reasoning. To conclude the paper, we discuss existing challenges and point out promising research directions.

关键词： multimodal large language model vision language model large language model

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A novel rotor dynamic balancing method based on blade tip clearance measurement without the once per revolution sensor

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第2期38卷 445-458页

作者： Weibo LI Weimin WANG Shuai ZHANG Jiale WANG Yulong LIN Tianqing LI Key Lab of Engine Health Monitoring-Control and Networking of Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of High-end Compressor and System Technology Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China

The existence of the aeroengine casing,limited monitoring points,and multi-fault characteristics make obtaining the rotor’s vibration transmission characteristics challenging,resulting in difficulties accurately identifying the rotor *** paper utilizes a high-frequency composite sensor to monitor the engine’s blade tip clearance(BTC)and extracts unbalanced information from BTC signals for rotor dynamic balancing,while avoiding the need for the once per revolution(OPR)***,the vibration characteristics of the rotor-blade system under multi-fault conditions are ***,based on BTC measurement,a none OPR method and an unbalance identification method are proposed,in which the radial vibration of the blade tip in the BTC signals at different speeds is extracted and operated in the time domain to obtain the rotor unbalanced vibration,the signal is reconstructed,and cross-correlation analysis is used to accurately identify the magnitude and phase of the unbalanced ***,a rotor test bench is utilized for experimental *** results reveal that the dynamic balancing method based on the BTC signal can more precisely identify the rotor unbalance than the traditional rotor dynamic balancing *** application of this technique will effectively improve engine health management and fault prediction.

关键词： Aeroengine Rotor unbalance Composite sensor None once per revolution Blade tip clearance Dynamic balancing

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Combining permissioned blockchain and Bayesian best-worst method for transparent supplier selection in supply chain management

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2579-2593页

作者： LIU JiaJun ZHANG Jie LENG JieWu Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Big Data and Intelligent System Institute of Artificial IntelligenceDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

Supplier selection is an important business activity in order to realize the purchasing function in supply chain *** supplier selection process includes four stages,i.e.,bidding inviting,bidding,group decision-making,and results disclosure,involving the participation of manufacturing service demanders(MSDs),manufacturing service suppliers(MSSs),and ***,all the participants have raised concerns about the increased transparency in supplier ***,this study proposes a transparent supplier selection method by considering the engagement of *** this method,the Bayesian best-worst method(Bayesian BWM)is used to aggregate decision-makers'preferences into the overall optimal weights of the alternative MSSs,and the MSS with the largest weight is considered the suitable MSS for ***,blockchain is introduced to record the decision-making process information about supplier selection through a customized smart contract,where MSSs act as supervisors to supervise the decision-making process through the distributed consensus mechanism rather than directly participate in the decision-making ***,a case study of supplier selection in purchasing vibration acceleration sensors is *** result shows that the proposed method can support MSDs in selecting suitable MSS from alternative MSSs by aggregating decision-makers'preferences,and blockchain can provide credible information about the supplier selection process for MSSs,MSDs,and *** this way,the transparency of supplier selection is enhanced.

关键词： blockchain supplier selection supply chain transparency Bayesian BWM group decision-making

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Rescue to the Curse of universality

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第9期66卷 134-150页

作者： Yongwei ZHAO Zidong DU Qi GUO Zhiwei XU Yunji CHEN State Key Lab of Processors Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

From the very beginning of computers, universality has been the core focus in the building of computing machines, such as the universal Turing machine, von Neumann architecture, random-access machines, and universal circuits. Academia has taken universality as the primary principle ever since. However,the Curse of universality, implied from ***'s Universal Circuit, states that computers based on logic circuits cannot be both universal and efficient, as the cost of universality is Ω（n log2n）. Though the Curse has been hidden by the rapid advancement of semiconductor technologies, it has been wielding its effects noticeably in recent years. Due to the ending of Dennard scaling and Moore's law, general-purpose processors leave less room for improvement. Therefore, domain-specific architectures（DSAs）, such as deep learning processors, have been exploding, leading to the new golden age of computer architectures. For DSAs, universality is traded off for optimal efficiency. However, we predict that universality will once again be a major concern for post-golden-age computers. In this paper, we discuss how much universality could an efficient computer keep. As a rescue to the Curse, we define and discuss quasi-universal architectures. Quasi-universal architectures can solve any computable problem and are efficient for a wide range of problems. The proposed Recursive-Encapsulated(RENC) architecture achieves maximal universality while keeping optimal efficiency as found in specialized architectures. The discovery of RENCsuggests that current golden-age architectures are not Pareto optimal.

关键词： universality general-purpose architecture specialized architecture deep learning processor universal circuit

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NO_(2) gas sensor with high selectivity and fast response based on Pt-loaded nanoporous GaN

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第4期32卷 964-972页

作者： Dan Han Xiaoru Liu Donghui Li Jiexu Shi Yu Wang Yuxuan Wang Hongtao Wang Shengbo Sang Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Sensors&Artificial Intelligence Perception College of Integrated CircuitsTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024China Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science Taiyuan 030032China

In this work,we realized a room-temperature nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))gas sensor based on a platinum(Pt)-loaded nanoporous gallium nitride(NP-GaN)sensing material using the thermal reduction method and coreduction with the catalysis of *** gas sensor gained excellent sensitivity to NO_(2) at a concentration range of 200 ppm to 100 ppb,benefiting from the loading of Pt nanoparticles,and exhibited a short response time(22 s)and recovery time(170 s)to 100 ppm of NO_(2) at room temperature with excellent selectivity to NO_(2) compared with other *** phenomenon was attributed to the spillover effect and the synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials of Pt,which not only provided more electrons for the adsorption of NO_(2) molecules but also occupied effective sites,causing poor sites for other *** low detection limit of Pt/NP-GaN was 100 ppb,and the gas sensor still had a fast response 70 d after ***,the gas-sensing mechanism of the gas sensor was further elaborated to determine the reason leading to its improved *** significant spillover impact and oxygen dissociation of Pt provided advantages to its synergic electronic interaction with semiconductor materials,leading to the improvement of the gas properties of gas sensors.

关键词： nanoporous gallium nitride platinum nitrogen dioxide gas sensor

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Multi-legged robots: progress and challenges

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 16-18页

作者： Yue Gao Bo Su Lei Jiang Feng Gao Mo E Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong University China North Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Considerable attention has been focused on multi-legged robots,with progress being made in the areas of mechanical design,actuators,controls,planning,and learning-based methods,as shown in *** robots are multi-input,multi-output,multi-end-effector ***,they are challenging to control when traversing *** recent years,

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Bi-Directional and Triangular Circulation Fusion Neural Networks for Small Object Detection

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and systems for Video technology 2024年第6期35卷 5140-5152页

作者： Li, Fangyu Duan, Junzhu Zhang, Qiyu Shan, Caifeng Han, Honggui the School of Information Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System Engineering Research Center of Digital Community Ministry of Education Beijing Artificial Intelligence Institute Beijing University of Technology Beijing100124 China the State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210023 China the School of Intelligence Science and Technology Nanjing University Suzhou215163 China

Deep learning-driven object detection models are capable of accurately identifying and localizing objects. However, small objects contain limited information relative to global features, resulting in the fact that detection models often do not learn small object features adequately. To enhance the precision in detecting small objects, we propose a bi-directional and triangular circulation fusion neural network (BTFN). First, to selectively strengthen the position features of small objects, we propose a feature circulation extraction module composed of a bi-directional triangular densely nested convolutional network (BTF), thus achieving repetitive multi-layer feature fusion. Second, to fill up the semantic gaps between different scales of features, we design a mixed dual attention module (MDA) in the bi-directional triangular densely nested network. Third, to mitigate the lost information in the neural networks with deep layers as well as improve the inference time, we design a re-parameterization bi-directional composite feature fusion module (Rep-BFM) that fuses the features of multiple scales. The proposed model is evaluated extensively on the MS COCO, Tsinghua-Tencent 100k, and Haier dismantled parts of used home appliances datasets. The experiment results show that the proposed model improves the AP on MS COCO by 4%, especially the APS of small objects is improved by 7.7% compared with SOTA models. © 2024 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. All rights reserved.

关键词： Domestic appliances

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Massively parallel algorithms for fully dynamic all-pairs shortest paths

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 201-203页

作者： Chilei WANG Qiang-Sheng HUA Hai JIN Chaodong ZHENG National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System LabCluster and Grid Computing LabSchool of Computer Science and TechnologyHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

1 Introduction In recent years,the Massively Parallel Computation(MPC)model has gained significant ***,most of distributed and parallel graph algorithms in the MPC model are designed for static graphs[1].In fact,the graphs in the real world are constantly *** size of the real-time changes in these graphs is smaller and more *** graph algorithms[2,3]can deal with graph changes more efficiently[4]than the corresponding static graph ***,most studies on dynamic graph algorithms are limited to the single machine ***,a few parallel dynamic graph algorithms(such as the graph connectivity)in the MPC model[5]have been proposed and shown superiority over their parallel static counterparts.

关键词： dynamic shortest gained

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SinGRAV: Learning a Generative Radiance Volume from a Single Natural Scene

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Journal of Computer Science & technology 2024年第2期39卷 305-319页

作者：王玉洁陈学霖陈宝权 School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence Beijing 100871China School of Intelligence Science and Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Tencent AI Lab Tencent Holdings LimitedShenzhen 518057China

We present SinGRAV, an attempt to learn a generative radiance volume from multi-view observations of a single natural scene, in stark contrast to existing category-level 3D generative models that learn from images of many object-centric scenes. Inspired by SinGAN, we also learn the internal distribution of the input scene, which necessitates our key designs w.r.t. the scene representation and network architecture. Unlike popular multi-layer perceptrons (MLP)-based architectures, we particularly employ convolutional generators and discriminators, which inherently possess spatial locality bias, to operate over voxelized volumes for learning the internal distribution over a plethora of overlapping regions. On the other hand, localizing the adversarial generators and discriminators over confined areas with limited receptive fields easily leads to highly implausible geometric structures in the spatial. Our remedy is to use spatial inductive bias and joint discrimination on geometric clues in the form of 2D depth maps. This strategy is effective in improving spatial arrangement while incurring negligible additional computational cost. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of SinGRAV in generating plausible and diverse variations from a single scene, the merits of SinGRAV over state-of-the-art generative neural scene models, and the versatility of SinGRAV by its use in a variety of applications. Code and data will be released to facilitate further research.

关键词： generative model neural radiance field 3D scene generation

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Characterization of the interfacial structure and fracture behavior of in situ synthesized ceramics to reinforce Ni-based composite coatings

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材料科学技术（英文版） 2025年第5期208卷 11-25页

作者： Yuxin Wang Yanchun Dong Yun Tian Jianing Liu Dongyao Zhang Chunli Qiu Yanqi Zhao Yong Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300132China Key Lab.for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province School of Materials Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical EquipmentHebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300132China

This work used the in-situ synthesis of molten-state nitride ceramic phase-reinforced Ni-based alloy coat-ings,aiming to improve the phase-interface bonding through the interdependent co-solidification be-tween molten *** XRD was used to analyze the physical phases of the composite *** microstructure and phase-interface structure were characterized in detail by combining SEM,TEM,HRTEM,FFT,and SAED *** tester and microforce microhardness tester were em-ployed to measure the surface hardness and elastic modulus of the composite *** fracture be-havior of the composite coatings was characterized by observing the fracture morphology of the coatings using SEM combined with the EDS *** was found that the formation mechanisms of inter-facial misfit dislocation assistance,lattice distortion,aggregation of stacking faults,and specific growth orientation between the y-Ni matrix phase and each ceramic phase in NiCrBSi-TiCrN composite coat-ings improved the lattice matching between the two-phase interface,which resulted in the formation of atomically corresponding coherent lattice relations and stepped interfacial semi-coherent lattice relations,and enhanced the degree of phase-interface *** this basis,the composite coatings with high Cr content further inhibited the expansion of interphase penetration cracks due to the existence of Cr-rich zones at the phase interface,thus exhibiting high fracture *** work provides new opinions on the improvement of phase-interface bonding and composition design of Ni-based composite coatings.

关键词： In situ synthesis NiCrBSi-TiCrN composite coating Phase interface Fracture behavior

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