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Lateral Fully Organic P-N Diodes Created in a Single Donor-Acceptor Copolymer

ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022年第5期34卷 e2106624页

作者： Wang, Jing Wang, Yizhuo Li, Kuncai Dai, Xu Zhang, Liuyang Wang, Hong Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Frontier Inst Sci & Technol Xian 710054 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mech Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China

P-N junctions exist in many solid-state organic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and thermoelectric devices. Creating P-N junctions by bulk chemical doping in a single organic material (like silicon doped by boron and phosphorus) may capitalize the vast scientific and technological groundwork established in the inorganic semiconducting field. However, high-performance single-organic-material P-N junctions are seldom reported, because the diffusion of the dopant counterions often leads to transient rectification properties. Herein, a new type of lateral fully organic diodes created in single donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer films with only one P-type dopant is reported. The achieved lateral devices exhibit high current densities of approximate to 3.83 A cm(-2) and a high rectification ratio of approximate to 2100, which are beyond the requirements for high-frequency identification tags. The P- to N-type polarity switching mechanism is proposed after spectroscopic and structural tests. Decent stability of the organic diode is obtained, which is due to the long channel length and low diffusion speed of the large size of dopants. This work opens the opportunities to create P-N junctions in ways of silicon-based inorganic semiconductors and promises new opportunities for integrating organic materials for flexible and printable organic devices.

关键词： donor-acceptor copolymers fully organic diodes lateral structure polarity switching single materials

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MoO₃/g-C₃N₄ Z-scheme (S-scheme) system derived from MoS₂/melamine dual precursors for enhanced photocatalytic H₂ evolution driven by visible light

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2021年第3期46卷 2927-2935页

作者： Shi, Jinwen Zheng, Botong Mao, Liuhao Cheng, Cheng Hu, Yuchao Wang, Heng Li, Gaosheng Jing, Dengwei Liang, Xianglong Xian Jiaotong Univ XJTU State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn MFPE Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy IRCRE 28 West Xianning Rd Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xian Jiaotong Univ XJTU Sch Energy & Power Engn 28 West Xianning Rd Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ Elect Sci & Technol China Ctr Appl Chem Chengdu 610000 Sichuan Peoples R China PetroChina West Pipeline Co Urumqi 830013 Peoples R China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Co PCOC Xian 710018 Peoples R China

A dual-precursors co-pyrolysis strategy was adopted to prepare photocatalysts of MoO3/gC(3)N(4) composite from MoS2/melamine through a facile one-pot method. By following this strategy, MoS2 was in-situ transformed to MoO3 accompanying with the pyrolysis and polymerization of melamine to g-C3N4 nanosheets. A set of samples about MoO3/g-C3N4 composite containing different MoO3 contents were prepared and the visible-light driven photocatalytic performance of samples were investigated. The photocatalytic activity was notably enhanced and the highest evolution rate for H-2 reached 13.9 times and 2.5 times that of the pristine g-C3N4 and the MoO3/g-C3N4 derived from MoO3/melamine, respectively. On the one hand, layered MoS2 used as the precursor of MoO3 contributed to the intimate contact with g-C3N4 nanosheets and the high dispersity of derived MoO3, and on the other hand, the morphology and electronic structure of g-C3N4 were actually changed by the strong interaction between the MoO3 and g-C3N4, thus inducing an efficient Z scheme (S-scheme) system in the composite. The above-mentioned co-operation effect in the composite resulted in the significant improvement on the activity of photocatalytic H-2 evolution. This work presented a valuable reference, by taking MoO3/g-C3N4 as an example, for the construction of composite-photocatalyst system in visible-light-driven H-2 evolution. (c) 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molybdenum trioxide Molybdenum disulfide Graphitic carbon nitride Hydrogen One-pot method

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Experimental study on fouling and slagging behaviors during oxy-fuel combustion of high-sodium coal using a high-temperature drop-tube furnace

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL 2020年 97卷

作者： Wang, Chang'an Sun, Ruijin Zhao, Lei Wang, Chaowei Hu, Guangtao Zhao, Nan Che, Defu Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Zhundong coalfield occupies an important position in Chinese energy resource. However, the high-sodium content has become the hindrance for the safe use of Zhundong coal, leading to severe fouling and slagging issues. Oxy-fuel combustion is a clean combustion technology and beneficial for capturing CO2. The fouling/slagging mechanisms of Zhundong coal in oxy-fuel combustion were ambiguous and the influences of oxygen content on the slagging behaviors of high-sodium coal have yet to be fully understood. This work employed a drop-tube furnace to explore the effects of flue gas temperature and oxygen content on the fouling and slagging characteristics in oxy-fuel atmosphere, and also conducted the comparison between oxy-fuel and air cases, with the elaboration of mineral constituents, morphologies, and elemental compositions of the deposits. Experimental results showed that the fouling of the high-sodium coal worsened as the flue gas temperature rose from 900 degrees C to 1200 degrees C. The element and mineral categories of the slag were similar but the relative contents of the mineral were different between oxy-fuel and air conditions. The diffraction peak of quartz in Wucaiwan slag during oxy-fuel combustion was weaker than that in air, while the condition of Lu'an slag was different. The high sodium content and its compounds promoted the formation of initial layer and the sticky particle surface, worsening the fouling and slagging. More comprehensive understanding of slagging mechanism could be achieved through the present work, which made sense for the optimization of combustion condition and the safe utilization of Zhundong coal.

关键词： oxy-fuel combustion high-sodium coal slagging mineral constituent morphology CO2 capture technology

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An effective method for modeling 1D two-phase two-fluid six-equation model with automatic differentiation approach

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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2022年 151卷

作者： Niu, Yuhang He, Yanan Qiu, Bowen Xiang, Fengrui Deng, Chaoqun Li, Yuanming Zhang, Jing Wu, Yingwei Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Nucl Power Inst China Sci & Technol Reactor Syst Design Technol Lab Chengdu Peoples R China 28 Xianning West Rd Xian Peoples R China

The modeling of the two-fluid model with plenty of realistic closure correlations has been a tough problem because of the difficulty of forming the Jacobian matrix manually. To predict the phase appearance/disappearance in two-phase flow problems, the high-order spatial and fully implicit temporal discretization typically should be adopted. However, considering the requirement of a fairly accurate evaluation of the Jacobian matrix, the implementation of high-order schemes is a challenging task. In this study, the automatic differentiation (AD) method was employed to overcome these difficulties, which seems the first demonstration of the high-order scheme and the AD method in the two-fluid model with realistic relations. With the AD method, the highorder fully implicit scheme, and the preconditioned Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (PJFNK) method, the twofluid code was developed to solve the two-phase flow and heat transfer problems in this study. Through simulations of a series of hydrodynamics two-phase flow problems, this code was verified and validated in both transients and boiling conditions. Meanwhile, code-to-code comparisons with well-validated code, RELAP5, were presented. The results demonstrate the promising performance of the developed code for solving 1D two-phase flow problems.

关键词： Two -fluid model Automatic differentiation High -order discretization flow and heat transfer

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Effects of ashing method and blending on ash characteristics of pyrolyzed and gasified semi-cokes

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FUEL 2020年 271卷

作者： Wang, Chang'an Zhao, Lin Yuan, Maobo Liu, Chengchang Wang, Chaowei Zhao, Lei Wang, Pengqian Che, Defu Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

The characterization of ash properties is of benefit for better elucidating the ash-related issues during utilization of semi-coke. Nevertheless, the impact of different ashing methods on ash characteristics of semi-coke still remains unclear, along with the influence of blending various semi-cokes. In the present study, the ashes of pyrolyzed and gasified semi-cokes were prepared from two different methods, low-temperature plasma ashing at <200 degrees C and traditional muffle ashing at 815 degrees C to investigate the effects of ashing method on ash characteristics of semi-coke, which has been seldom conducted before. The low-temperature plasma oxidization could consume organic matter without destroying the initial state of mineral species in semi-coke matrix. A variety of analysis techniques including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis was performed to study ash composition, mineral phase, thermal volatility, and so on. The results show that the appearance and yield of low-temperature ash (LTA) and high-temperature ash (HTA) are highly related to the ashing approach and the category of semi-cokes. The mass fractions of most oxides contained in LTA are lower than those in HTA. The main difference of mineral phases between LTA and HTA of semi-cokes lies in the existence form of calcium. The ashing method exerts remarkable influences on thermal behaviors of pyrolyzed semi-coke ash but insignificant effect on those of gasified semi-coke. Moreover, the effects of blending pyrolyzed and gasified semi-cokes on the ash compositions and thermal behaviors are significant, while the mineral phases seem to be independent of the blending process.

关键词： Physical-chemical characteristics Pyrolyzed semi-coke Gasified semi-coke Blending Ashing method Low-temperature plasma

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Nitromethane pyrolysis and oxidation in a jet-stirred reactor: Experimental measurements, kinetic model validation and interpretation

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FUEL 2020年 263卷

作者： Yang, Meng Gao, Zhongquan Tang, Chenglong Xu, Zhaohua Gao, Zhenhua Hu, Erjiang Huang, Zuohua Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

A jet-stirred reactor was used to investigate the nitromethane pyrolysis and oxidation characteristics over the temperature range of 675-1250 K at atmospheric pressure. Mole fraction profiles of reactants, intermediate hydrocarbon species and products were identified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Results show that the fuel begins to be destructed at around 725 K and completely vanishes at 900 K for all experimental conditions. Pyrolysis of nitromethane as a function of temperature shows three distinct regions for H-2, CO and C2H4 species. In addition, a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior of CO2 species for nitromethane oxidation was observed, which has never been reported previously. The NTC region of CO2 species extends with the increase of equivalence ratio. These measured data were then used to validate several recently developed models of nitromethane. Results show that the model of Mathieu et al. (Mathieu et al. Fuel 182(2016):597) predicts the measured data well at low temperature (below 900 K) for all conditions. However, at intermediate temperature Mathieu model predicted intermediated species and main products deviate noticeably from measured data. Detailed reaction pathway analysis was conducted to direct future model refinement. Results show that the deviation between model predictions and measurements at intermediate temperature may be attributed to the reactions that involve the H and OH radicals. Further comparisons of the sensitive reactions for H and OH formations from different literatures were conducted, and large deviations in rate constants among these reactions suggest the directions of future model refinement.

关键词： Jet-stirred reactor Nitromethane Pyrolysis Oxidation Kinetic model analysis

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Regeneration of iron fuel in fluidized beds, Part I: Defluidization experiments and theoretical prediction model

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POWDER TECHNOLOGY 2023年 420卷

作者： Liu, X. Zhang, X. Li, J. Zhu, Q. Deen, N. G. Tang, Y. Eindhoven Univ Technol Dept Mech Engn Power & Flow Grp POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Chinese Acad Sci Inst Proc Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Complex Syst Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Chem Engn Beijing 100049 Peoples R China Eindhoven Univ Technol Eindhoven Inst Renewable Energy Syst EIRES POB 513 NL-5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands

Hydrogen-based direct reduction of iron oxide powder in gas-fluidized beds has become an emerging technology. Agglomeration of fine powder at elevated temperatures is however one key issue hindering the technological development. To obtain better knowledge of the high-temperature agglomeration mechanism, the (de-)fluidization behavior of micron-sized combusted iron particles is experimentally studied in this Part I. Effects of various operating and material variables (temperature, gas flow rate, and particle size) on the fluidization and agglomeration behavior are investigated. Different fluidization regimes (e.g. stable fluidization, agglomerating fluidization, fast defluidization) are categorized based on the experimental results. A theoretical model based on the force balance is developed to predict the regime boundaries of fluidization. The obtained knowledge is applied for experimental design of the hydrogen-based iron direct reduction process in Part II.

关键词： Iron oxide powder Gas-fluidized beds Agglomeration High temperature (De-)fluidization Force balance

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Preparation and properties of multifunctional eco-friendly slow-release urea fertilizer encapsulated by diatomite filter aid waste-based superabsorbent

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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS 2023年 183卷

作者： Dong, Zhihui Qu, Nan Jiang, Qiushi Han, Zhaolian Sun, Lianzhi Zhang, Tong Liang, Dong Shi, Yiran Cheng, Zhiqiang Jilin Agr Univ Coll Resources & Environm Changchun 130118 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Peoples R China Jilin Agr Univ Coll Hort Changchun 130118 Peoples R China Jilin Agr Univ Coll Informat Technol Changchun 130118 Peoples R China Korean Autonomous Cty Changbai Jinyuan Diatomite P Jilin 134300 Peoples R China

Due to the high cost, incomplete degradation, and limited raw material sources of traditional slow-release fertilizers, the development of environmentally friendly slow-release urea based on waste filter aids is of great significance in modern agriculture. In this study, beer diatomite filter aid waste-based superabsorbent resin (BDWSA)1 was synthesized by free radical grafting copolymerization through microwave radiation heating with beer diatomite filter aid waste (BDW), acrylic acid (AA), N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and potassium persulfate (KPS). Then, BDWSA was used as the outer coating material, along with ethyl cellulose (EC) and Kaolin as the inner coating, urea and Phellinus igniarius biochar as the fertilizer core, to form a multifunctional eco-friendly double-coated slow-release urea (DSRU) for water-retaining and slow-release functionalities. The performance of slow release behavior of nitrogen was investigated, and showed that urea in soil released 86.02 % of nitrogen during 3 days, monolayer-coated slow-release urea (MSRU) released 94.02 % of nitrogen in 30 days, and DSRU released a total of 74.66 % of nitrogen in 30 days, indicating that DSRU can improve fertilizer utilization by delaying nutrient release. The biodegradation experiment showed that DSRU degraded 86.65 % wt% in 90 days, not only indicating a good biodegradation effect but also beneficial to the growth of soybeans under drought conditions in growth experiments. Therefore, the eco-friendly DSRU product with excellent slow-release capacity has broad application prospects in agriculture.

关键词： Diatomite filter aid waste Superabsorbent resin Slow-release coated urea Nitrogen release Biodegradability

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Plant-derived silica nanoparticles and composites for biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors: a review

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021年第2期19卷 1667-1691页

作者： Prabha, S. Durgalakshmi, D. Rajendran, Saravanan Lichtfouse, Eric Anna Univ Dept Med Phys Chennai 600025 Tamil Nadu India Univ Tarapaca Fac Ingn Dept Ingn Mecan Avda Gen Velasquez Arica 1775 Chile Aix Marseille Univ CNRS Coll France IRDINRAECEREGE Ave Louis Philibert F-13100 Aix En Provence France Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Silica nanoparticles have rapidly found applications in medicine, supercapacitors, batteries, optical fibers and concrete materials, because silica nanoparticles have tunable physical, chemical, optical and mechanical properties. In most applications, high-purity silica comes from synthetic organic precursors, yet this approach could be costly, polluting and non-biocompatible. Alternatively, natural silica sources from biomass are often cheap and abundant, yet they contain impurities. Silica can be extracted from corn cob, coffee husk, rice husk, sugarcane bagasse and wheat husk wastes, which are often disposed of in rivers, lands and ponds. These wastes can be used to prepare homogenous silica nanoparticles. Here we review properties, preparation and applications of silica nanoparticles. Preparation includes chemical and biomass methods. Applications include biosensors, bioimaging, drug delivery and supercapacitors. In particular, to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, recent research has shown that silver nanocluster/silica deposited on a mask reduces SARS-Cov-2 infectivity to zero.

关键词： Silica nanoparticles Structure Biomass Rice husk Sugarcane bagasse Corn cob Synthesis Applications Theranostic Supercapacitor

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Designing High Interfacial Conduction beyond Bulk via engineering the Semiconductor-Ionic Heterostructure CeO2-δ/BaZr0.8Y0.2O3 for Superior Proton Conductive Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis Applications

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ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022年第12期5卷 15373-15384页

作者： Xing, Yueming Zhu, Bin Hong, Liang Xia, Chen Wang, Baoyuan Wu, Yan Cai, Hongdong Rauf, Sajid Huang, Jianbing Asghar, Muhammad Imran Yang, Yang Lin, Wen-Feng China Univ Geosci Fac Mat Sci & Chem Engn Res Ctr Nanogeo Mat Minist Educ Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China Southeast Univ Energy Storage Joint Res Ctr Sch Energy & Environm Jiangsu Prov Key Lab Solar Energy Sci & Technol Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China Loughborough Univ Dept Chem Engn Loughborough LE11 3TU Leics England Hubei Univ Fac Phys & Elect Sci Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Organ Mat Wuhan 430062 Peoples R China Shenzhen Univ Coll Elect & Informat Engn Nanshan 518000 Guangdong Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Aalto Univ Sch Sci Dept Appl Phys New Energy Technol Grp FI-00076 Espoo Finland

Proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are an emerging clean energy technology;however, a key challenge persists in improving the electrolyte proton conductivity, e.g., around 10(-3)-10(-2) S cm(-1) at 600 degrees C for the well-known BaZr0.8Y0.2O3 (BZY), that is far below the required 0.1 S cm(-1). Herein, we report an approach for tuning BZY from low bulk to high interfacial conduction by introducing a semiconductor CeO2-delta forming a semiconductor-ionic heterostructure CeO2-delta/BZY. The interfacial conduction was identified by a significantly higher conductivity obtained from the BZY grain boundary than that of the bulk and a further improvement from the CeO2-delta/BZY which achieved a remarkably high proton conductivity of 0.23 S cm(-1). This enabled a high peak power of 845 mW cm(-2) at 520 degrees C from a PCFC using the CeO2-delta/BZY as the electrolyte, in strong contrast to the BZY bulk conduction electrolyte with only 229 mW cm(-2). Furthermore, the CeO2-o/BZY fuel cell was operated under water electrolysis mode, exhibiting a very high current density output of 3.2 A cm(-2) corresponding to a high H-2 production rate, under 2.0 V at 520 degrees C. The band structure and a built-in-field-assisted proton transport mechanism have been proposed and explained. This work demonstrates an efficient way of tuning the electrolyte from low bulk to high interfacial proton conduction to attain sufficient conductivity required for PCFCs, electrolyzers, and other advanced electrochemical energy technologies.

关键词： ceramic proton-conducting electrolyte proton ceramic fuel cells solid oxide water electrolysis cell semiconductor-ionic heterostructure interface engineering

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