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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Dalin Li, Xinyu Jiang, Dianqiang Zhou, Xingguang Lv, Xindi Yun, Shichang Wu, Wenqiang He, Xuanang Li, Haoyang Min, Xin Chen, Kailong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Zhao, Quanbin Fu, Yao Tang, Chuntao Zhuo, Wenbin Li, Jinggang Zuo, Jiaxu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai200233 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing100082 China

Based on the analysis of energy structure and the development trends of advanced nuclear energy technology, combining the complementary advantages of nuclear energy and other energy sources in China, the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor(FuSTAR) system has been proposed. FuSTAR system is designed to address production capacity issues in areas with energy shortages or resource concentration and can be combined with high-temperature process heat to achieve high-value-added processes such as hydrogen production. In this paper, the design and optimization processes of FuSTAR are described from three aspects: the neutronic and thermal-hydraulic system, the thermal transport system, and the power cycle system. Tri-structural isotropic fuel combined with helical cruciform elements has been studied in detail on the neutron physics and thermal-hydraulic properties, and the flow and heat transfer experiment is carried out for the first time. The multilayer nonlinear programming method has been applied to the design of thermal transport systems and the passive residual heat removal system and proved to be fast and efficient. Then the optimal parameters and configuration of the thermoelectric conversion system are obtained directly by using the superstructure optimization method, which saves computing resources greatly. Based on the above design and parameters, the inherent safety of FuSTAR is demonstrated through deterministic safety analysis. In addition, the iodine-sulfur cycle technology is also designed and analyzed, and the characteristics of tritium production in FuSTAR are calculated. The research provides important guidance for the detailed design and operation of FuSTAR. Moreover, this study highlights the significant potential of integrating nuclear energy with other energy sources in an optimized energy-production system. Based on the current research findings, prospects for future research directions are also suggested. © 2023, The Authors. All rights r

关键词： High temperature reactors

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Atomic layer deposition assisted surface passivation on bismuth vanadate photoanodes for enhanced solar water oxidation

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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2022年 573卷 151492-151492页

作者： Wan, Xiaokang Xu, Yunbo Wang, Xianyun Guan, Xiangjiu Fu, Yanming Hu, Chao Hu, Haowei Rong, Nai Anhui Jianzhu Univ Anhui Adv Technol Res Inst Green Bldg Sch Environm & Energy Engn Hefei 230601 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Hefei Univ Technol Sch Chem & Chem Engn Anhui Prov Key Lab Adv Catalyt Mat & React Engn Hefei 230009 Peoples R China

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is one of the most promising metal oxide semiconductors for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. Much efforts have been dedicated on accelerating the sluggish surface water oxidation kinetics. In this study, plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition and subsequent removal of Al2O3 ultrathin overlayers on bismuth vanadate were implemented to achieve the successful passivation of surface states and significant enhancement of PEC performance. Al2O3 ultrathin overlayers were first coated on BiVO4 surface via plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition with various deposition cycles, which resulted in the decrease of PEC water oxidation activity due to the poor conductivity. The subsequent removal of surface amorphous Al2O3 passivated the surface states of the photoanodes and significantly enhanced the photocurrent densities. The passivated BiVO4 exhibited a photocurrent density of 1.34 ***(-2) at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 73% higher than that of unmodified BiVO4. This work provides a novel strategy and deep insights on surface modification of semiconductor for photoelectrochemical energy conversion.

关键词： Photoelectrochemistry BiVO4 Atomic layer deposition Surface passivation Water oxidation

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A modified heat transfer correlation for flow boiling in small channels based on the boundary layer theory

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 2019年 132卷 107-117页

作者： Zhang, Yang Tan, Hongbo Li, Yanzhong Shan, Siyu Liu, Yuman Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

flow boiling in small channels has attracted much attention due to its promising application in compact phase change heat exchangers. In this paper, a flow boiling heat transfer database of light hydrocarbons in horizontal small channels is established. It is found that the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for propane in the channel with 1.0 mm diameter depends on heat and mass fluxes in either the low or high quality region, which is different from the corresponding HTC in conventional channels. To explore the special phenomenon in small channels, a new model is proposed based on boundary layer theory by considering the function of bubble growth in flow boiling. The relationship between the boundary layer thickness and the bubble diameter is emphatically discussed. Based on the theoretical model, a new dimensionless parameter (Rtd) is introduced to evaluate the effect of channel dimension on the flow boiling heat transfer. Rtd reveals that the bubble growth is enhanced in both the low and high quality regions due to the flow confinement of the small channel. With the aid of Rtd, a modified heat transfer correlation is developed based on the database. Within the whole database, the overall standard error and gamma(30) of the modified correlation are 18.9% and 91.3%, respectively. The prediction performance is superior to those of existing correlations. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： flow boiling Boundary layer Small channel Hydrocarbon

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Applications of TDLAS based multi-species hydrocarbon measurement using a wide scanning range DFG laser

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RESULTS IN engineering 2021年 12卷

作者： Wang, Qiming Wang, Zhenzhen Kamimoto, Takahiro Deguchi, Yoshihiro Wen, Du Takahara, Daichi Univ Tokushima Grad Sch Adv Technol & Sci 2-1Minamijyosanjima Tokushima 7708501 Japan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a widely used hydrocarbon gas sensing method in many fields. However, the short scanning range limits its application where multi-species detection is necessary. In this paper, a laser system based on TDLAS using a difference frequency generation laser was applied for the investigation of the hydrocarbon gases produced in the coal pyrolysis process and engine exhaust. The coal sample was heated up to 623 K and the recorded spectra were analyzed by the comparison with the pure hydrocarbon spectra database. A least-squares fitting was performed to quantitatively determine the concentration of each component of the mixture. Totally nine different hydrocarbons were identified and the R-2 values close to 1 indicate that the variance between measured and fitted data was small. The spectra of engine exhaust were recorded and analyzed using the same method. Hydrocarbon from C-3-C-8 and a small amount of methane and ethene were identified. The concentration variation with time was observed.

关键词： Hydrocarbon measurement Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) Difference frequency generation (DFG) Coal pyrolysis Engine exhaust

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Experimental study on spray characteristics of pressure-swirl nozzle in China advanced PWR containment

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NUCLEAR engineering AND DESIGN 2019年第0期350卷 158-175页

作者： Bian, Jiawei Zhang, Dalin Sun, Rulei Wu, Yingwei Tian, Wenxi Su, G. H. Qiu, Suizheng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Nucl Sci & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) is the most mature technology for nuclear power plants and nuclear power devices. Spray systems play an essential role in the safety of a PWR. The spray characteristics of the nozzle are of crucial importance for the performance of the spray system. In the present study, a test loop with four rotatable branches was established to obtain spray characteristics data, including flow characteristic, spray cone angle (SCA), spray flux distribution and droplet size spectrum. The effect of inclined angles was taken into consideration when designing and conducting the experiment. A specific type of pressure-swirl nozzle used in China advanced PWR was employed for the study. According to experimental data, variations of pressure drop and the spray angles versus volume flow rate were obtained, and typical curves of spray flux distribution were plotted, and the change in the flux distribution was evident with the change in inclined angle. The flux distribution results were used to build 3D spray flux distribution models together with the spray cone angles tested. The droplet size spectrum was measured by laser diffraction analysis. Typical droplet size distributions were obtained by the relevant software, and the experimental Probability Density Function (PDF) of droplet size was derived and compared with several empirical distributions.

关键词： Nozzle flow characteristic Spray cone angle Volume flux distribution Droplet size spectrum Inclined angle

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Isolated Metalloid Tellurium Atomic Cluster on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheet for High-Capacity Rechargeable Lithium-CO2 Battery

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ADVANCED SCIENCE 2023年第7期10卷 e2205959页

作者： Wang, Ke Liu, Dongyu Liu, Limin Li, Xinyang Wu, Hu Sun, Zongjie Li, Mingtao Vasenko, Andrey S. Ding, Shujiang Wang, Fengmei Xiao, Chunhui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Energy Storage Mat & ChemShaanxi UnivEngn Res Ct Sch Chem Xian Key Lab Sustainable Energy Mat Chem 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China HSE Univ Natl Res Univ Higher Sch Econ 20 Myasnitskaya Str Moscow 101000 Russia Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy IRCRE State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn MFPE 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Beijing Univ Chem Technol Beijing Adv Innovat Ctr Soft Matter Sci & Engn State Key Lab Chem Resource Engn Beijing 100029 Peoples R China

Rechargeable Li-CO2 battery represents a sustainable technology by virtue of CO2 recyclability and energy storage capability. Unfortunately, the sluggish mass transport and electron transfer in bulky high-crystalline discharge product of Li2CO3, severely hinder its practical capacity and rechargeability. Herein, a heterostructure of isolated metalloid Te atomic cluster anchored on N-doped carbon nanosheets is designed (Te-AC@NCNS) as a metal-free cathode for Li-CO2 battery. X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis demonstrates that the abundant and dispersed Te active centers can be stabilized by C atoms in form of the covalent bond. The fabricated battery shows an unprecedented full-discharge capacity of 28.35 mAh cm(-2) at 0.05 mA cm(-2) and long-term cycle life of up to 1000 h even at a high cut-off capacity of 1 mAh cm(-2). A series of ex situ characterizations combined with theoretical calculations demonstrate that the abundant Te atomic clusters acting as active centers can drive the electron redistribution of carbonate via forming Te-O bonds, giving rise to poor-crystalline Li2CO3 film during the discharge process. Moreover, the efficient electron transfer between the Te centers and intermediate species is energetically beneficial for nucleation and accelerates the decomposition of Li2CO3 on the Te-AC@NCNS during the discharge/charge process.

关键词： amorphous discharge product free-standing electrode metal-free catalyst metalloid catalyst rechargeable Li-CO2 battery

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Ligand-Mediated Self-Terminating Growth of Single-Atom Pt on Au Nanocrystals for Improved Formic Acid Oxidation Activity

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022年第1期12卷 2103195-2103195页

作者： Liu, Moxuan Liu, Zhaojun Xie, Miao Zhang, Zhixue Zhang, Shumeng Cheng, Tao Gao, Chuanbo Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Frontier Inst Sci & Technol Ctr Mat Chem Xian 710054 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710054 Shaanxi Peoples R China Soochow Univ Joint Int Res Lab Carbon Based Funct Mat & Device Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Funct Mat & Devices Inst Funct Nano & Soft Mat FUNSOM Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Decreasing the ensemble size of Pt to isolated single atoms is the key to enhance the electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) by bypassing the indirect reaction path that involves the poisoning by the CO intermediate. However, it is challenging to construct isolated Pt single atoms on a foreign metal substrate, especially at high Pt loadings, because Pt tends to form large ensembles due to the high Pt-Pt bond energy. Herein, a ligand-mediated self-terminating growth strategy is reported for reliably controlling the ensemble size of Pt on an Au substrate. The key is to introduce a ligand of sulfite (SO32-) into the synthesis, which preferentially adsorbs at Pt sites, thus substantially increasing the kinetic barrier toward Pt-Pt bond formation. This strategy enables reliable formation of isolated Pt single atoms even at high Pt loadings (up to 26% coverage on Au), which is difficult to achieve by regular syntheses. The resulting catalyst exhibits a high FAOR activity of 38.6 A mg(Pt)(-1) in 0.5 m H2SO4+0.25 m HCOOH, 370 times greater than that of the commercial Pt/C. It is believed this strategy is general and potentially applicable to the fabrication of a wide range of noble metal catalysts with tailored ensemble sizes for energy conversion.

关键词： ensemble size FAOR noble metals self-terminating growth single atoms

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A new solar mid-and-low temperature receiver/reactor with linear Fresnel reflector

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2023年第1期226卷

作者： Lu, Buchu Liu, Taixiu Yan, Xiangyu Zheng, Zhimei Liu, Qibin Chinese Acad Sci Inst Engn Thermophys Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China China Three Gorges Grp Corp Res Inst Sci & Technol Beijing 100038 Peoples R China

The hydrogen production by a mid-and-low temperature solar receiver/reactor traditionally uses a parabolic trough collector, where the circumferential non-uniformity of the concentrated solar flux poses a challenge to the safety of the catalyst bed and absorber tube. To address this challenge, this study proposes a new hydrogen production method that allows for a more uniform distribution of solar flux, temperature, and deformation in the receiver/reactor by combining a linear Fresnel reflector, a compound parabolic concentrator, a mid-and-low temperature receiver/reactor, and methanol steam reforming reaction. The solar light is concentrated on the surface of the receiver/reactor by the linear Fresnel reflector and the compound parabolic concentrator instead of the traditional parabolic trough collector, and then converted into chemical energy by the methanol steam reforming reaction in the receiver/reactor. A three-dimension model is established to study the performance of the mid-and-low temperature receiver/reactor, including solar flux distribution, fluid flow, mass diffusion, heat transfer, chemical reaction, and structural deformation. The influences of key factors are studied, including the inlet temperature, feeding rate of reactants, molar ratio of water to methanol, and porosity of the catalyst bed. A comparative study between linear Fresnel reflector and parabolic trough collector is conducted to discover the influence of the light-concentrating methods on hydrogen production. The results show that the temperature and reaction fields are highly influenced by the circumferential distribution of the solar flux. The linear Fresnel reflector can achieve a more uniform temperature distribution along the cross-section in the flow direction than the parabolic trough collector owing to the more uniform distribution of solar flux. The maximum temperature difference of the absorber tube in the center of the absorber tube is 12.5 % of that in the parabolic trough c

关键词： Hydrogen production Methanol steam reforming Linear Fresnel reflector Multi -physics coupling

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Hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles consisted of oxalic acid and its internal mixture with ammonium sulfate for the relative humidity ranging from 80% to 99.5%

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ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2021年 252卷 118318-118318页

作者： Zhang, Chao Ma, Nan Fan, Fengxian Yang, Yang Groess, Johannes Yan, Jinpei Bu, Longxiang Wang, Yueshe Wiedensohler, Alfred Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Shanghai Key Lab Multiphase Flow & Heat Transfer Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res D-04318 Leipzig Germany Jinan Univ Inst Environm & Climate Res Guangzhou 511443 Peoples R China Minist Nat Resources Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem Xiamen 361005 Peoples R China

The hygroscopicity of atmospheric aerosol particles plays an important role in their effects on the environment and the public health. Oxalic acid (OA) has been recognized as the dominant dicarboxylic acid in the urban and the remote aerosol particles, so a number of studies have investigated the hygroscopicity of aerosols consisted of pure OA and its mixture with inorganic salt. However, few experimental studies have focused on the hygroscopicity of nanoscale particles at high relative humidity (RH) below saturation of water vapor (i.e., RH = 90?100%) due to the limitation of traditional measuring instruments. In this work, the hygroscopic growth factor (GF) of the aerosol particles composed of pure OA and internally mixed OA-ammonium sulfate (AS) at RH = 80?99.5% were studied using a high humidity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HHTDMA). The experimental results were used to verify the applicability of models including the ideal solution model, the extended aerosol inorganics model (E-AIM) combining with the revised universal quasi-chemical functional group activity coefficients (UNIFAC-Peng) model, the Aerosol Inorganic?Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model and the Zdanovskii?Stokes?Robinson (ZSR) model. According to the experimental results, the effect of RH, the composition and the initial dry particle diameter (D0) on the hygroscopic growth factor (GF) and the effective hygroscopicity parameter (lc) of particles at RH = 80?99.5% were analyzed in details. It has been found that for pure OA particles with D0 = 80/100 nm, the prediction of the UNIFAC-Peng model and the AIOMFAC model becomes more accurate than the ideal solution model with the increasing of RH, while all models cannot describe the GF of smaller particles at RH = 80?99.5%. For mixed OA-AS aerosol particles, the chemical reaction is an important reason for the discrepancies between the HHTDMA results and the model prediction. For the pure OA aerosol particle

关键词： Aerosol particles Hygroscopicity High relative humidity Oxalic acid Internal mixture

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Energetically enhanced natural gas liquefaction process with CO2 precooling

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ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT-X 2022年 14卷

作者： Waqar, Muhammad Ishaq, Haris Jamil, Shah Rukh Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Energy Chem Proc Intensificat Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ Victoria Dept Mech Engn Inst Integrated Energy Syst Univ Victoria IESVic Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Natural gas releases 45-50% less CO2 emissions as compared with coal and the liquefaction process is employed for storage and transport of liquefied natural gas that is an energy-intensive process. Numerous scientific efforts are being directed to reduce the energy consumption in the natural gas liquefaction process and to increase the process efficiency. Thus, this study proposes a uniquely modified and energetically enhanced small-scale natural gas liquefaction process by nitrogen single expander technology with CO2 precooling. The novelty of the designed liquefaction process is that the designed configuration does not only reduces the energy consumption of the liquefaction process but also improves the process efficiency. The proposed system is simulated and optimized using ASPEN HYSYS by different design key parameters, and energy consumption has been considered as a key function for the optimization of this cycle. Detailed characterization shows the energy consumption of 9.216 kWh center dot kmol(-1) at a liquefaction rate of 0.77. Furthermore, the effect of pressure output of the valve on unit energy consumption and liquefaction rate is also observed and discussed. It has been observed that by decreasing the valve output pressure, the liquefaction rate decreases and energy consumption increases. Besides, the versatility of this cycle under various pressures, temperatures and composition of methane and other components in the feed gas are considered and effects of these parameters variation on system performance have been observed. The exergy destruction of each equipment is evaluated and investigated in detail for the optimization of results. Results are compared and it shows a 6.90% and 9.0% decrease of unit energy consumption and exergy as compared to referenced base cycle. The performance of numerous relationships is derived from the proposed study and compared with simulated referenced published data. By using energy consumption and liquefaction rate of co

关键词： Liquefied natural gas Small scale liquefaction process single N-2 expander cycle CO2 precooling cycle Optimization Thermal management

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