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Atomically Dispersed Janus Nickel Sites on Red Phosphorus for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 2022年第29期61卷 e202204711-e202204711页

作者： Wang, Menglong Xu, Shuai Zhou, Zhaohui Dong, Chung-Li Guo, Xu Chen, Jeng-Lung Huang, Yu-Cheng Shen, Shaohua Chen, Yubin Guo, Liejin Burda, Clemens Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Case Western Reserve Univ Dept Chem Cleveland OH 44106 USA Changan Univ Key Lab Subsurface Hydrol & Ecol Effects Arid Reg Sch Water & Environm Chem Engn & TechnolMinist Educ Xian 710064 Peoples R China Tamkang Univ Dept Phys New Taipei 25137 Taiwan Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan

Single-atom nickel catalysts hold great promise for photocatalytic water splitting due to their plentiful active sites and cost-effectiveness. Herein, we adopt a reactive-group guided strategy to prepare atomically dispersed nickel catalysts on red phosphorus. The hydrothermal treatment of red phosphorus leads to the formation of P-H and P-OH groups, which behave as the reactive functionalities to generate the dual structure of single-atom P-Ni and P-O-Ni catalytic sites. The produced single-atom sites provide two different functions: P-Ni for water reduction and P-O-Ni for water oxidation. Benefitting from this specific Janus structure, Ni-red phosphorus shows an elevated hydrogen evolution rate compared to Ni nanoparticle-modified red phosphorus under visible-light irradiation. The hydrogen evolution rate was additionally enhanced with increased reaction temperature, reaching 91.51 mu mol h(-1) at 70 degrees C, corresponding to an apparent quantum efficiency of 8.9 % at 420 nm excitation wavelength.

关键词： Nickel Photocatalysis Red Phosphorus Single-Atom Catalysts Water Splitting

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Dielectric resonator antennas based on high quality factor MgAl2O4 transparent dielectric ceramics

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C 2020年第42期8卷 14880-14885页

作者： Du, Chao Guo, Huan-Huan Zhou, Di Chen, He-Tuo Zhang, Jian Liu, Wen-Feng Su, Jin-Zhan Liu, Hai-Wen Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Elect Mat Res Lab Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Int Ctr Dielect Res Xian 710049 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Ceram State Key Lab High Performance Ceram & Superfine Shanghai 200050 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Ceram CAS Key Lab Transparent Optofunct Inorgan Mat Shanghai 201899 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Xian Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Elect & Informat Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

For the first time, a MgAl2O4 transparent ceramic cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is designed using the fundamental HE11 delta modes for slot excitation. The transparent microwave dielectric ceramic was synthesized using high-purity MgO and gamma-Al2O3 powders by aqueous gel-casting combined with cold isostatic pressing, pressure-less sintering and hot isostatic pressing methods. Optimum relative permittivity similar to 8.2, Q x f (Q = quality factor = 1/dielectric loss, f = resonant frequency) similar to 110 510 GHz and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency similar to-74.1 ppm degrees C-1 were obtained. The reflection coefficient, the input impedance, the antenna gain and the radiation pattern of the transparent cylindrical ceramic DRA were examined, and it was observed that the simulation results were in reasonable agreement with the measurement results. It has been found that the proposed transparent cylindrical MgAl2O4 ceramic DRA can provide a higher impedance bandwidth (BW = 735 MHz) and radiation efficiency (95.8%) than a state-of-the-art transparent glass DRA. The proposed configuration can potentially be used for such useful antenna decoration and can be used as a lampshade to integrate these antennas in street and traffic lights without compromising the aesthetics of the city.

关键词： Radiation efficiency

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Strengthening Chlorobenzene Catalytic Degradation Rate and Selectivity Over Laxsr1-Xmno3±Δ by Anchoring Interfacial Oxygen Vacancy

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Lu Tao, Dan Zhao, Qi Fu, Shuangshuang Min, Xin Chen, Changwei Tian, Mingjiao Shi, Jianwen He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China College of Geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710054 China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Shaanxi Xi’an710055 China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China

Surficial lattice oxygen in perovskite compounds is a common participant during chloroaromatic catalytic destruction. Herein, we proposed a facile oxygen vacancy construction strategy for preparing high active LaxSr1-xMnO3±δ (LSMO) via NaBH4 treatment. Results reveal that LSMO composites are not only reduced by NaBH4 under mild condition, but trigger a significant Sr segregation effect, which plays a key role in oxygen vacancy formation accounting to the electron donation from Sr to Mn acceptor and subsequent lattice oxygen activation. Moreover, the concentration of interfacial active oxygen species can be regulated by taming the La-Sr interaction with different Sr substitution proportions. The anchored oxygen vacancies (OVs) take advantage of electron capture or transfer and induce molecule oxygen into active oxygen species to react with chlorobenzene molecules, resulting in a preferential catalytic oxidation capacity. Amongst, reduced La0.5Sr0.5MnO3±δ catalyst displays superior chlorobenzene destruction efficiency with 90% of which converted as low as 236 °C, which also exhibited a stable performance in long-time operation. However, the OVs would be refilled by water H2O molecules resulting in a weaker water resistance for OVs anchored catalyst. In summary, the annihilation of OVs is the most important factor for catalyst deactivation. The research offers a new avenue to construct interfacial oxygen species in perovskite oxides during the chlorobenzene deep oxidation process. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Catalytic oxidation

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Solar thermo-photo catalytic hydrogen production from water with non-metal carbon nitrides

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FUEL 2023年第1期353卷

作者： Fang, Juan Sun, Fan Kheradmand, Amanj Xu, Haimei Dong, Hao Yi, Xiaoping Hong, Hui Liu, Xunliang Univ Sci & Technol Beijing Sch Energy & Environm Engn Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Engn Thermophys Beijing 100190 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Macquarie Univ Sch Engn Sydney NSW 2109 Australia Univ Chinese Acad Sci Sch Aeronaut & Astronaut Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

Thermo-photo catalytic water splitting for hydrogen generation is a promising method for cascade utilization of full-spectrum solar energy. Herein, two g-C3N4 catalysts were synthesized using a hard-template method with different precursors (melamine for M-CN and cyanamide for C-CN) to investigate the synergistic effect between photo and thermal energies in thermo-photo catalysis. The hydrogen production rates via different pathways, including thermo-photo catalysis (TPC), thermal catalysis (TC), and photocatalysis (PC), were investigated. Results showed that the hydrogen generation rates of M-CN and C-CN catalysts via the TPC pathway at 60 degrees C under full-spectrum irradiation were 808.4 & mu;mol g-1 h-1 and 1932.9 & mu;mol g-1 h-1, respectively, which were both higher than the sum of the hydrogen production rates via TC and PC pathways, indicating the coupling effect between the photoelectric and photothermal effects of light. The thermo-photo synergy with thermal energy converted from photothermal effect is stronger than that with thermal energy from an external heat source. The mechanism of the synergistic effect was characterized by photoelectrochemical experiments, revealing that higher temperatures promote the separation and migration of charge carriers, providing a microscopic explanation for the improved hydrogen production rate of thermo-photo catalysis.

关键词： Thermo -photo catalysis Hydrogen production Carbon nitride Full -spectrum Solar energy

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A high-cyano groups-content amorphous-crystalline carbon nitride isotype heterojunction photocatalyst for high-quantum-yield H2 production and enhanced CO2 reduction

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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY 2023年第1期331卷

作者： Cheng, Cheng Mao, Liuhao Kang, Xing Dong, Chung-Li Huang, Yu-Cheng Shen, Shaohua Shi, Jinwen Guo, Liejin Xian Jiaotong Univ XJTU Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy IRCRE State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn MFPE 28 West Xianning Rd Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xian Jiaotong Univ XJTU Sch Chem Engn & Technol 28 West Xianning Rd Xian 710049 Peoples R China Tamkang Univ Dept Phys 151 Yingzhuan Rd Tamsui 25137 Taiwan Sichuan Digital Econ Ind Dev Res Inst Integrated Energy Inst 88 Jiefang Rd Chengdu 610036 Peoples R China

Polymeric carbon nitride suffers terrible recombination of photo-generated carriers and thus usually results in limited photocatalytic activity. Improving crystallinity and creating novel structure can effectively alleviate the aforementioned problem. Herein, a high-cyano groups-content and amorphous-crystalline carbon nitride isotype heterojunction (BCN-NaK) was obtain via a post treatment strategy in eutectic salt. The cyano groups acted as electron acceptors, and the intimate isotype heterojunction constructed by amorphous carbon nitride and crystalline poly-heptazine-imide built interfacial electric field. Both synergistically enabled BCN-NaK more efficient charge transfer than other amorphous and crystalline carbon nitrides. Comprehensive and systematic analysis demonstrated that the promoted charge transfer made the predominant contribution to the ultrahigh photocatalytic H-2-production activity of BCN-NaK with an excellent apparent quantum yield of 68.9 % at 405 nm. In addition, BCN-NaK exhibited a good photocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion rate of 22.8 mu mol h(-1) g(cat) (-1) without adding sacrificial agent or loading metal under visible light.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Crystallinity Hydrogen Eutectic salt Solar energy

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Numerical simulation of zircaloy-water reaction based on the moving particle semi-implicit method and combined analysis with the MIDAC code for the nuclear-reactor core melting process

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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020年 118卷 103083-000页

作者： Wang, Dong Zhang, Yapei Chen, Ronghua Su, G. H. Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

During the severe accident in PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor), local phenomena (e.g., eutectic reaction, candling effect, zircaloy-water reaction) occurring in the core have a significant impact on the core melting process. However, the traditional severe accident analysis codes cannot simulate the local phenomena accurately. To solve this problem, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is considered. By coupling CFD method with traditional severe accident codes, the accident sequence in the core melting process can be simulated accurately. In this study, considering the complexity of physical and chemical phenomena involved in the core melting process, the zircaloy-water reaction is selected for analysis. The zircaloy-water reaction kinetics models in the Module In-vessel Degradation Analysis Code (MIDAC) are summarized. The correlations for zircaloy temperature below 1800K are compared and the results show that the Cathcart-Pawel correlation induces a considerable overestimation of the reaction rates above 1460 K. Then based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method, a numerical analysis model is developed to simulate zircaloy-water reaction. A zircaloy-water reaction kinetics correlation with higher accuracy is obtained by simulations and added to MIDAC. The TMI-2 accident is selected to evaluate the newly developed correlation by comparing with other correlations in MIDAC. The results indicate that different correlations can greatly influence the structure of corium pool in the core and the melt behaviors during reflooding and long-term cooling stage. However, it can hardly influence the relocation of debris bed to the lower plenum and behaviors of debris bed in the lower plenum.

关键词： Core melting process Zircaloy-water reaction MIDAC MPS method

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Deep insights of HCNG engine research in China

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FUEL 2020年 263卷 116612-000页

作者： Luo, Sijie Ma, Fanhua Mehra, Roopesh Kumar Huang, Zuohua Tsinghua Univ State Key Lab Automobile Safety & Energy Beijing 100084 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Hydrogen enriched compressed natural-gas has emerged to be an alternative vehicular fuel, due to its adaptability for the current CNG infrastructure. The various research laboratories of China, did a remarkable experimental/numerical research on the development of HCNG engines. A deep perusal of the performance and emission characteristic of the HCNG blends under specific conditions has been explored by these research facilities. This is proved by the series of research paper published by researchers of these laboratory. Hydrogen addition to natural gas increases the laminar burning velocity of the mixture, which will boost the combustion and reduces the brake specific fuel consumption. At an optimum excess air ratio and spark timing, the brake thermal efficiency increases while cycle-by-cycle variations significantly reduces. However, the presence of hydrogen increases the combustion temperature result in high NOx emission. However, at optimized ignition timing and excess air ratio, higher thermal efficiency at low NOx under the limit of emission regulation is possible. Other pollutant species in exhaust smoke like total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH4) emission impressively reduces after hydrogen enrichment. These advantages of HCNG engines over CNG engines are impressive and provides an option for the betterment of environment. Apart from the laboratory research, many HCNG fueled, heavy-duty city bus demonstration projects have been successfully accomplished in various provinces of China. Presented review article not only gleams the contribution of China in the research and demonstration projects of HCNG engines, also included the studies of other HCNG research facilities worldwide.

关键词： Hydrogen enrichment HCNG Lean burn combustion Cycle-by-cycle variations Combustion Emission

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Numerical simulation of carbon dioxide corrosion under flow conditions in an elbowNummerische Simulation der Kohlendioxid-Korrosion unter Stromungsbedingungen in einem Rohrbogen

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MATERIALWISSENSCHAFT UND WERKSTOFFTECHNIK 2019年第4期50卷 442-453页

作者： Chen, J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Huang, H. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China China Special Equipment Inspect & Res Inst Beijing 100013 Peoples R China

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based method combined with water chemistry and electrochemical reaction calculation is developed to investigate the effect of fluid flow on carbon dioxide corrosion in an elbow. The mass transfer of reactants and products influenced by flow during corrosion is revealed visually by distribution of main species concentration. The results show that the distributions of main species concentration and corrosion rate on the bare steel surface are in good accordance with the distribution of flow velocity. The maximum corrosion rate appears at the entrance on inner side wall of the elbow, and the corrosion rate decreases along the flow direction. Near the exit of the elbow, the secondary flow arises and enhances the mass transfer as well as the corrosion rate. According to the saturation value, the iron carbonate is more likely to precipitate at the inner side wall near the exit of the elbow. The model is validated by the good agreement between simulation results and published experimental data in prediction of hazardous corrosion region and the regional corrosion rate of the elbow.

关键词： Carbon dioxide corrosion CFD water chemistry electrochemical reaction mass transfer

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The different effect of SO2 on Zn-poisoned commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts with varied Zn loading

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CHEMICAL PHYSICS IMPACT 2023年 6卷

作者： Yu, Yanke Geng, Mengqiao Li, Jiahang Wang, Jingjing Wei, Desheng He, Chi Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Natl Engn Lab VOCs Pollut Control Mat & Technol Beijing 101408 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Commercial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 (VWTi) catalysts used in NH3-SCR reaction with varied Zn loading were prepared and then effect of SO2 on Zn-poisoned VWTi catalysts was investigated. Zn could cause the deactivation of VWTi catalysts. Nevertheless, the effect of SO2 on Zn-poisoned VWTi catalysts varied with Zn loading. For Zn-poisoned catalyst with low content of Zn (1.0 wt.%, ZnL), SO2 would promote the activity recovery of the catalyst. However, SO2 had no influence on the Zn-poisoned catalyst with high Zn content (4.0 wt.%, ZnH). The catalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, SO2-TPD, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and in situ DRIFTS. Tri-coordinated sulfate species were formed on ZnL sample in the presence of SO2, and the sulfate species could form new Bronsted acid sites, causing the recovery of activity. But ZnSO4 was appeared and no Bronsted acid sites formed on ZnH sample under SO2, thus the activity of ZnH sample changed little.

关键词： NH3-SCR Zn Deactivation SO2 Tri-coordinated sulfate Activity recovery

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Effect of support on simultaneous removal of NO and Hg⁰ over Cu and Fe catalysts

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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE 2019年第6期92卷 1852-1863页

作者： Wang, Denghui Yao, Qi Liu, Sheng Hui, Shien Niu, Yanqing Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shanghai Hanyi Fluid Equipment Co Ltd Shanghai 021 Peoples R China

TiO2 and Al2O3 were applied as supports to prepare various Cu-based and Fe-based SCR catalysts, and the synergetic removal of NO and Hg-0 over these catalysts was tested in a fixed-bed experimental system, in order to explore the effect of TiO2 and Al2O3 on the simultaneous removal of NO and Hg-0 over Cu and Fe catalysts. Experimental results indicated that Al2O3 showed better performance as the catalyst support than TiO2. Characterization results demonstrated that Al2O3 helped significantly increase the surface area and the pore volume of catalysts, so it promoted the adsorption ability to adsorb more reactant gas, which favored the removal of NO and Hg-0. Moreover, Al2O3 resulted in the increase of the absorbed oxygen amount, indicating the increase of the active oxidative sites and the stronger oxidation ability for Hg-0. The work could contribute to providing a potential high-performance support choice adopted to develop efficient catalysts for simultaneous removal of NO and Hg-0. (C) 2018 Energy Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Al2O3 support TiO2 support NO removal Hg-0 oxidation

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