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Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant under off-design conditions

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2019年第0期156卷 340-350页

作者： Wang, Anming Han, Xiaoqu Liu, Ming Yan, Junjie Liu, Jiping Xi An Jiao Tong Univ MOE Key Lab Thermal Fluid Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

As concentrating solar power technologies progressively move to maturity, large-scale concentrating solar pow plants have elicited increasing attention. The thermodynamic simulation and economic analyses of a 50 M' parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant in northwest China were conducted in the present work. TI effects of meteorological conditions, including direct normal irradiance and ambient temperature, on the 01 design performances were investigated by simulation calculations. Furthermore, economic and sensitive an lyses were conducted based on the annual simulation. Results show that the back-pressure of air-cooled co denser fluctuated with both ambient temperature and power generation. The power generation of summer at autumn days would decrease by 0.53-1.38 MW for the rise of condenser back-pressure. The clouds mainly fected the molten salt level of hot tank in thermal energy storage. In the economic analysis, with the decrease the feed-in tariff from 16.6 C/kWh to 8.6 C/kWh, the maximum total net income dropped from 6.65 M$ 2.43 MS. The optimal design condenser back-pressure rose from 5.0 kPa to 5.5 kPa. Moreover, the optimal desil back-pressure of air-cooled condenser was not sensitive to the cloud effect in certain range, but the total n income had a sharp drop from 7.37 M$ to 4.95 M$.

关键词： Parabolic trough concentrating solar power Off-design conditions Thermodynamic and economic analyses Cloud effect

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A best-estimated correlation for prediction of nucleation radius in sodium boiling

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NUCLEAR engineering AND DESIGN 2019年第Apr.期345卷 40-46页

作者： Ma, Zaiyong Qiu, Suizheng Zhang, Luteng Bu, Shanshan Sun, Wan Pan, Liangming Chongqing Univ Minist Educ Key Lab Low grade Energy Utilizat Technol & Syst Chongqing 400044 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

For the safety analysis of sodium-cooled fast reactor, nucleation superheat is a key parameter impacting the boiling process. For liquid metal sodium, models of conventional fluids do not apply and although much research has been performed, the basic mechanism has not been fully revealed. In this paper, by considering the effect of oxide layer and gas-liquid interface behavior in a conical cavity, the deactivation process and nucleation process were analyzed and a best-estimated correlation for nucleation radius was proposed. Taking the inert gas effect into account, the correlation was then used to predict the existing experiment data and good agreement was obtained. The results showed that there may be two types of nucleation due to the wetting property discrepancy, i.e. direct nucleation and the nucleation after interface movement, and the latter may be an explanation of the phenomenon of some data that the nucleation radius can be larger than the deactivation radius. It is also found that the ratio of deactivation radius and nucleation radius would vary with operation conditions and systems, and thus correlations should be employed rather than a constant value.

关键词： Sodium-cooled fast reactor Nucleation Liquid metal Oxide layer Wetting property

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Interfacial Charge Modulation via in situ Fabrication of 3D Conductive Platform with MOF Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2

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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL 2022年第36期28卷 e202200583-e202200583页

作者： Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Yunpeng Chai, Guodong Yang, Guorui Wang, Caiyun Yan, Wei Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian Key Lab Solid Waste Recycling & Resource Rec State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xianning West Rd 28 Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Chem Xianning West Rd 28 Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xian Univ Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Water Resources & Environm Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Wollongong ARC Ctr Excellence Electromat Sci Intelligent Polymer Res Inst AIIM Facil Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Highly-efficient photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into valuable carbon-contained chemicals possesses a tremendous potential in solving the energy crisis and global warming problem. However, the inadequate separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and the unsatisfied capture of CO2 stay the chief roadblocks. Herein, we designed a novel photocatalyst for CO2 reduction by assembling three-dimensional graphene (3D GR) with a typical metal-organic framework material UIO-66-NH2, aiming to construct a built-in electric field for charge separation as well as taking advantage of the typical 3D structure of GR for maximizing the exposed absorption site on the surface. The performance evaluation demonstrated that the photocatalytic activity has been improved for the composite materials compared with that of the pure UIO-66-NH2. Further mechanism investigations proved that the enhanced photocatalytic performance is attributed to the synergy of enhanced CO2 absorption and inhibited photogenerated charge recombination, which could be owing to the better distribution and exposure of absorption and reaction sites on composites, and the redistribution of photogenerated carriers between 3D GR and UIO-66-NH2. This study provides a promising pathway to probe nanocomposites based on MOFs in environmental improvement and other relevant fields.

关键词： CO2 reduction HCOOH photocatalysis three-dimensional graphene UIO-66-NH2

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Synthesis of amphiphilic Janus SiO2/styrene butyl acrylate polymer microspheres and their application in oil recovery

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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND engineering ASPECTS 2023年第1期675卷

作者： Li, Xinru Gao, Dangge Liu, Maochang Zheng, Lijun Li, Pengyu Lyu, Bin Xian Shiyou Univ Coll New Energy Xian 710065 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol Natl Demonstrat Ctr Expt Light Chem Engn Educ Xian 710021 Shaanxi Peoples R China Shaanxi Univ Sci & Technol Xian Key Lab Green Chem & Funct Mat Xian 710021 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Co Oil Gas Technol Res Inst Xian 710021 Shaanxi Peoples R China

We report the design and synthesis of two kinds of amphiphilic Janus SiO2 nanoparticles, including polyacrylic acid/polystyrene (PAA/PS) Janus SiO2 and polyacrylic acid/polymethylmethacrylate (PAA/PMMA) Janus SiO2. The amphiphilic Janus SiO2 nanoparticles can effectively stabilize polystyrene butyl acrylate (P(St-BA)) composite microspheres, forming low-cost oil displacing systems to improve the oil recovery of heterogeneous and low-permeability reservoirs. Among them, the PAA/PS Janus SiO2 stabilized P(St-BA) are demonstrated with good injection, migration, and plugging performance, as well as high temperature and salt resistance. These advantages enable the system an oil recovery increment of 32%. In addition, the microspheres also present good enhanced oil recovery potential in heterogeneous reservoirs, especially for cores with a permeability ratio of 2.0. In principle, the oil displacement of this system is achieved by the synergic effect of amphiphilic Janus SiO2 nanoparticles and composite microspheres. This work thus provides a promising method for high-performance yet low-cost oil recovery improvement.

关键词： Amphiphilic Janus SiO 2 Polymerization Composite microspheres EOR Oil displacement

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Thermal Transport in Sheared Nanoparticle Suspensions: Effect of Temperature

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HEAT TRANSFER engineering 2019年第16期40卷 1383-1392页

作者： Sun, Chengzhen Bai, Bofeng Lu, Wen-Qiang Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Univ Chinese Acad Sci Coll Phys Sci Beijing Peoples R China

Nanoparticle suspensions, known as nanofluids, exhibit many potential applications in thermal and chemical engineering, of which the thermal transport characteristics have a great dependence with the corresponding flow process and heat transfer process. Recently, a shear flow-induced enhancement of the thermal transport in the nanoparticle suspensions was previously reported. Here, the effective thermal conductivity (ETC) of deionized water based silicon oxide nanoparticle suspensions in the shear flows at different temperatures were experimentally measured to elucidate the effect of temperature on the thermal transport in sheared nanoparticle suspensions. The results show that the ETC enhancement induced by shear flows is more obvious at lower temperatures, which can be attributed to the easily formed nanoparticle agglomerates for the lower mobilities of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, a correlation for quantitatively predicting the ETC enhancements, i.e., the ratios of infinite-shear thermal conductivity to zero-shear thermal conductivity, is proposed with considering the effect of temperature. In summary, the thermal transport in sheared nanoparticle suspensions demonstrates distinctive characteristics at different temperatures for the distinguishing nanoparticle structures.

关键词： Shear flow

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Experimental research on fragmentation characteristics of molten stainless steel discharged into sodium pool and comparison with molten copper

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PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020年 118卷 103069-000页

作者： Hu, Liang Ge, Kui Zhang, Yapei Zhang, Dalin Su, G. H. Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Molten Fuel-Coolant Interaction (MFCI) is especially focused in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) with the consideration of possible recriticality and predominant effect on resultant consequences. As the nuclear fuel cladding material of SFR, kilogram quantities of molten stainless steel jet are used in the present experiments to study the fragmentation behavior when discharged into sodium pool. During the interaction between molten stainless steel jet and liquid sodium, the great differences in temperature, velocity and thermophysical properties result in violent sodium boiling, hydrodynamic instability and viscous shearing at the contact interface. The molten stainless steel jet suffers from significant fragmentation under multiple interfacial forces, which increases contact interface area to enhance heat transfer. However, the accelerated solidification of molten stainless steel jet at the contact interface greatly raises the criteria of fragmentation, conversely decreasing the heat transfer. In the present study, the sodium pool depth is varied to study the effect of the dropping height of molten stainless steel and inventory of liquid sodium on the fragmentation characteristics. The temperature variations in sodium pool are measured to estimate energy release during molten stainless steel-liquid sodium interaction. The resultant stainless steel debris is recorded and measured against debris mass with respect to size intervals for morphology analysis and size distribution. Furthermore, experiments with kilogram quantities of molten copper jet are conducted in the present study. The results with molten stainless steel jet are compared to those with molten copper jet and those with molten stainless steel droplets to distinguish fragmentation characteristics. According to the present findings, adequate fragmentation of molten material can be caused by increased relative velocity, high superheat and considerable energy release capability, enhancing heat transfer and

关键词： SFR MFCI Fragmentation Thermal-hydraulic Energy release Size distribution

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Co-gasification of high-density polyethylene and pretreated pine wood

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APPLIED ENERGY 2021年 285卷 116472-116472页

作者： Li, Jinhu Burra, Kiran Raj G. Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Xuan Gupta, Ashwani K. Univ Maryland Dept Mech Engn Combust Lab College Pk MD 20742 USA Anhui Univ Sci & Technol Coll Safety & Engn Huainan 232001 Peoples R China Henan Univ Technol Coll Environm Engn Zhengzhou 450001 Peoples R China Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Co-gasification of biomass and plastic blends has been extensively studied, however the effect of AAEMs (alkali and alkaline earth metals) in biomass on the co-gasification behavior still remains unknown. Acid and alkali pretreatment were used here to remove or introduce the AAEMs in biomass by ion-exchange method. SEM was used to obtain morphological characteristics of three pretreated pine wood (PW) samples;TG analysis of pure and blend feedstocks was used to examine the decomposition behavior. CO2 assisted co-gasification of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and pretreated PW samples at different blend ratios were conducted in a fixed bed reactor, and the resulting flow rate and yields of H-2, CO, light hydrocarbons (HC), total syngas, and output energy determined. Synergetic effects from these blends during co-gasification were evaluated by comparing the experimental results with the weighted results from individual components. Results showed that the presence of AAEMs in biomass resulted in increased char yield and char reactivity, that enhanced the syngas yield and energy output. However, acid pretreatment with low AAEM content showed the opposite trend. Irrespective of the biomass pretreatment, synergistic effect was found in the yield of each syngas component, total syngas, and energy yield during its co-gasification with HDPE plastic. The synergy during co-gasification of HDPE and alkali treated PW was more pronounced at high PW content, while those from acid pretreatment preferred low PW fraction. The highest energy yields of 28.1, 34.3 and 30.1 kJ/g were obtained from co-gasification of HDPE and water, acid and alkali pretreated PW samples at PW fraction of 44%, 22% and 55%, respectively. Maximum synergistic effect with energy yield of 69% was obtained from the gasification of HDPE and acid pretreated PW at 27% PW fraction. These results help to our understanding of the influence of biomass pretreatment on co gasification of biomass-plastic mixtures. The r

关键词： AAEMs Pretreatment Ion-exchanging Synergetic effects Syngas yield Syngas energy

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Long-term heat transfer analysis of deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers via an improved analytical model

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2021年 197卷 117370-117370页

作者： Jiao, Kaituo Sun, Chengzhen Yang, Ruitao Yu, Bo Bai, Bofeng Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Shanxi Yanchang Petr Int Explorat & Dev Engn Co L Xian 710075 Peoples R China Beijing Inst Petrochem Technol Sch Mech Engn Beijing Key Lab Pipeline Crit Technol & Equipment Beijing 102617 Peoples R China

The heat transfer calculation of deep coaxial borehole heat exchangers (DCBHE) involves complex geological conditions, mainly including geothermal gradient, layered ground profile, non-uniform heat transfer along depth, and fluid-solid coupled heat transfer. However, no analytical model can fully consider all of these factors currently. In this study, an improved analytical model for DCBHE based on the moving finite line source (MFLS) model is proposed to fully analyze the heat transfer performance. By comparing with the experimental data of an in-situ test of a 2500 m DCBHE, it is shown that the proposed model has higher accuracy compared with other analytical models. To analyze the heat transfer sustainability of the DCBHE in the in-situ test, the degrees of reduction in local heat flux and heat extraction power are calculated from the aspects of the single heat-extraction season and periodic operations. The results show that the local sustainability of the strata between 0 m and 1510 m is worse than the average value and pulls down the sustainability of whole DCBHE. After 30 years of operation, the reductions of heat extraction power at the transient stage and stable stage of the extraction season are 11.8% and 9.6%, respectively. Moreover, the groundwater flow can make the reduction in local heat flux smaller (only 4%similar to 6%) and more constant with years, but the effect of groundwater flow is not significant within one season. The research findings can potentially guide the structural design and optimization of DCBHE and serve the long-period operations of DCBHE.

关键词： Deep coaxial borehole heat exchanger analytical model heat transfer performance sustainability

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In situ DRIFTS for the mechanistic studies of 1,4-butanediol dehydration over Yb/Zr catalysts

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JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019年 370卷 138-151页

作者： Mi, Rongli Hu, Zhun Yang, Bolun Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Key Lab Energy Chem Proc Intensificat Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

To study the effect of acid-base properties of catalysts on 1,4-butanediol (BDO) dehydration to 3-buten-1-ol (BTO), Yb/Zr catalysts with different Yb content were synthesized by a wet impregnation method. The texture property, crystalline form and surface properties of the catalysts were characterized by N-2 physisorption, XRD, NH3-TPD, CO2-TPD and in situ DRIFTS. The catalytic performance of BDO dehydration was also tested in a fixed-bed reactor. The experimental results showed that the activity of BDO dehydration and the selectivity of by-product tetrahydrofuran (THF) decreased with the increased Yb content, while the selectivity of the main product BTO gradually increased. The yield of BTO maximized at 64.5% when the Yb content reached 15%, which showed the best catalytic performance. Comprehensive analysis of experimental results showed that the activity of BDO dehydration and the selectivity to the by-product THF were manipulated by the acid sites of the catalysts, while BTO selectivity was tuned by both acid and basic sites of the catalysts. A higher density ratio of basic/acid sites favored the BTO formation and inhibited the formation of by-products THF. The in situ DRIFTS study of BDO dehydration over m-ZrO and Yb2O3 elucidated that the hydroxyl groups of BDO molecules first interacted with acid sites to form several types of butoxides. Further abstraction of beta-H by basic oxygen anion could convert these butoxides into aldehyde species, which finally reacted to form BTO. The DRIFTS results were consistent with the experimental conclusions that the acid sites of the catalysts could interact with hydroxyl groups and basic sites facilitate the B-H abstraction of BDO and thereby enhancing the formation of BTO. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： 1,4-butanediol dehydration Acid-base properties In situ DRIFTS Dehydration mechanism

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Enhanced performances of anaerobic digestion processes treating organic wastes: Role of iron and carbon based nanomaterials

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SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2023年 43卷

作者： Liu, Hongbo Wen, Jian Liu, Qiting Li, Runshan Lichtfouse, Eric Maurer, Claudia Huang, Jingjing Univ Shanghai Sci & Technol Sch Environm & Architecture 516 Jungong Rd Shanghai 200093 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IRD INRAECEREGE F-131000 Aix En Provence France Univ Stuttgart Inst Sanit Engn Water Qual & Waste Management Bandtale 2 D-70569 Stuttgart Germany

Issues of climate change, energy demand and antibiotic resistance are calling for advanced methods to convert waste into fuels, value-added materials and safe byproducts. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a major technology treating organic-rich wastes such as sewage sludge, kitchen waste, and animal manure. AD allows to convert waste into energy such as biogas and electricity, and resources such as fertilizers. Nevertheless, biogas production from organic waste is limited by the low biodegradability of resistant organic matter and the short retention time in AD bioreactors. As a consequence, recent researches have focused on the use of additives to improve the performance of AD. For example, nanomaterials are increasingly used as additives due to their properties in the promotion of direct inter-species electron transfer between microorganisms, and the improvement of the microbial community structure. In this study, we review firstly the contribution of nanomaterials to system stability, digestive performance and risk control of AD processes systematically. Then we sorted the enhanced performances by co-digestion of nano-magnetite with sewage sludge, kitchen waste, livestock and poultry manure thoroughly. Finally we discussed mechanisms on how nanomaterials such as iron- and carbon-based nanomaterials addition could enhance production of volatile fatty acids, and inhibit the production of hydrogen sulfide and the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes simultaneously.

关键词： Organic waste Anaerobic digestion Frequently -used nanomaterials Performance improvement Antibiotic resistance gene

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