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Evaluating the effect of Pr-doping on the performance of strontium-doped lanthanum ferrite cathodes for protonic SOFCs

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2020年第3期46卷 4000-4005页

作者： Ma, Jinming Tao, Zetian Kou, Hongning Fronzi, Marco Bi, Lei Qingdao Univ Coll Mat Sci & Engn Inst Mat Energy & Environm Ningxia Rd 308 Qingdao 266071 Peoples R China Yancheng Inst Technol Key Lab Adv Technol Environm Protect Jiangsu Prov Yancheng 224051 Peoples R China Peng Cheng Lab 2 Xingke 1st St Shenzhen Guangdong Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Peoples R China

A Pr-doping strategy was used to improve traditional strontium-doped lanthanum ferrite oxides for proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Three different samples, La0.5Sr0.5FeO3-delta, La0.25Pr0.25Sr0.5FeO3-delta, and Pr0.5Sr0.5FeO3-delta,were successfully prepared. The Pr content was shown to have an obvious influence on the hydration ability of the materials. Hydration was improved at higher Pr-contents, suggesting a promising cathode performance. However, the improved hydration ability did not always lead to an increased fuel cell performance, and it was found that the fuel cell performed best when an appropriate Pr-doping amount was used that resulted in a good compromise between protonic and oxygen-ion conduction. As a result, the optimized composition La0.25Pr0.25Sr0.5FeO3-delta generated a high peak power density of 616 mW cm(-2 )and a low polarization resistance of 0.09 at Omega cm(2) at 700 degrees C, which is an encouraging performance for a traditional cathode material.

关键词： LaFeO3 Cathode Protonic SOFC Oxides

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Function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction enables efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting with selective water oxidation products

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Science Bulletin 2020年第16期65卷 1389-1395,M0004页

作者： Daixing Wei Yubo Tan Yiqing Wang Tingting Kong Shaohua Shen Samuel S.Maoc International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an Shiyou UniversityXi'an 710054China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

A novel metal/semiconductor photocatalyst,Cu nanoparticles(NPs)modified TiO2 hollow spheres(Cu/TiO2),was designed for efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting(POWS)under both ultraviolet(UV)and visible(Vis)*** Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst possesses excellent POWS performance under Vis light at the highest level among the reported TiO2-based ***,the metal/semiconductor junction formed between Cu and TiO2 enables controlled water-oxidation product selectivity(H2O2 or O2)via different reaction pathways regulated by irradiation *** UV light,the electrons excited in TiO2 are captured by Cu NPs through the Cu/TiO2 Schottky interface for H2 production,with the photoholes in TiO2 producing H2O2 through a two-electron process;whilst under Vis light,Cu NPs act as plasmon to inject hot electrons to TiO2 for H2 production,while O2 is produced by hot holes on Cu NPs via a four-electron *** rational design of function-switchable metal/semiconductor junction may be helpful to understand the mechanisms for POWS with desired gas/liquid water-oxidation products.

关键词： Photocatalysis Water splitting Product selectivity Reaction pathway Metal/semiconductor junction

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Robust DNA-Bridged Memristor for Textile Chips

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Angewandte Chemie 2020年第31期132卷 12862-12868页

作者： Xu X. Zhou X. Wang T. Shi X. Liu Y. Zuo Y. Xu L. Wang M. Hu X. Yang X. Chen J. Chen L. Chen P. Peng H. State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System School of Microelectronics Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiao Tong University Shannxi 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200438 China

Electronic textiles may revolutionize many fields, such as communication, health care and artificial intelligence. To date, unfortunately, computing with them is not yet possible. Memristors are compatible with the interwoven structure and manufacturing process in textiles because of its two-terminal crossbar configuration. However, it remains a challenge to realize textile memristors owing to the difficulties in designing advanced memristive materials and achieving high-quality active layers on fiber electrodes. Herein we report a robust textile memristor based on an electrophoretic-deposited active layer of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on fiber electrodes. The unique architecture and orientation of DNA molecules with the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles offer the best-in-class performances, e.g., both ultra-low operation voltage of 0.3 V and power consumption of 100 pW and high switching speed of 20 ns. Fundamental logic calculations such as implication and NAND are demonstrated as functions of textile chips, and it has been thus integrated with power-supplying and light emitting modules to demonstrate an all-fabric information processing system. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

关键词： DNA fiber electronics logic-in-memory computing memristors nanoparticles

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Atomic-scale investigation of creep behavior and deformation mechanism in nanocrystalline FeCrAl alloys

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MATERIALS & DESIGN 2021年 206卷

作者： Yao, Huan Ye, Tianzhou Yu, Wenshan Wang, Pengfei Wu, Junmei Wu, Yingwei Chen, Ping Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Aerosp State Key Lab Strength & Vibrat Mech Struct Shaanxi Key Lab Environm & Control Flight Vehicle 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shannxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shannxi Peoples R China Nucl Power Inst China 328 Huayang Changshun Ave Sect 1 Chengdu 610213 Sichuan Peoples R China

FeCrAl alloys have been proposed as nuclear fuel cladding materials in hope of offering great potential in accident tolerance for light water reactors. However, only a limited amount of data has been published on their creep properties. This work aims to provide an atomic-scale insight into the creep behavior and deformation mechanism for nanocrystalline FeCrAl alloys, using molecular dynamics method. Both primary and steady state creeps are observed in all creep curves, and tertiary creep occurs at stresses above 2.5 GPa in the time period of the present simulation. As stress increases, the creep mechanism transits from Coble creep to grain boundary sliding, and then to the synergy of grain boundary sliding and dislocation creep. The turning points are about 0.8 GPa and 1.8 GPa, respectively. The dislocation motions are controlled by viscous gliding at low temperature, and then by climbing when temperature exceeds 1000 K. Moreover, the grain size and alloy composition have little impact on the transition of creep mechanism within the present research scope. The proposed creep mechanisms are further analyzed not only from the comparison between activation energies for diffusion and creep, but also from the representative atomic snapshots. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Molecular dynamics Creep behavior Deformation mechanism Nanocrystalline Activation energy

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Measurement method for deformation and contact force of the fuel assembly for China fast reactor under thermal gradient

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ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY 2020年 141卷 107270-107270页

作者： Wang, Kaiqiang Chen, Hong-En Shi, Pengpeng Li, Lijuan Xie, Shejuan Chen, Zhenmao Hei, Baoping Gao, Fuhai Yang, Hongyi Wu, Yingwei Su, Guanghui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Shaanxi Engn Res Ctr Nondestruct Testing & Struct State Key Lab Strength & Vibrat Mech Struct Xian 710049 Peoples R China China Inst Atom Energy Beijing 102413 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xian Univ Architecture & Technol Sch Civil Engn Xian 710055 Peoples R China Xian Univ Architecture & Technol Inst Mech & Technol Xian 710055 Peoples R China

Deformation and contact force of the fuel assembly due to thermal gradient are of great concerns to the integrity design and safe operation of the core in the China Fast Reactor (CFR). Up to now, only the 2D deflection measurement of the sub-assemblies has been investigated, and almost no attention is paid to the contact force measurement between the sub-assemblies with a small clearance. In this paper, the measurement method and system are developed for measuring the deformation and contact force of the fuel assembly under thermal gradient with the test fuel assembly simplified based on the stiffness equivalent strategy. In addition, the 3D deformation and contact force are measured through the non-contact industrial photogrammetry system and the thin film pressure sensor or strain gauge, respectively. Free thermal bowing test for a single assembly is performed at first for verifying the reliability of the 3D deformation measurement by comparing with the results of finite element (FE) simulation. Afterwards, the 3D deformation and the contact force are measured for the single assembly restrained thermal bowing test. The accuracy of the proposed contact force measurement is investigated through comparison with the method of spoke-type force sensors. The developed measurement method and system can provide experimental basis for safety design of the CFR due to its potential for comprehensive deformation and contact force measurements. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deformation Contact force Fuel assembly Thermal bowing test China fast reactor

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Back to plastic pollution in COVID times

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021年第1期19卷 1-4页

作者： Gorrasi, Giuliana Sorrentino, Andrea Lichtfouse, Eric Univ Salerno Dept Ind Engn Via Giovanni Paolo II 132 I-84084 Fisciano SA Italy Natl Res Council Italy CNR Inst Polymers Composites & Biomat IPCB Via Previati 1-C I-23900 Lecce Italy Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IRD CEREGEINRAEColl France F-13100 Aix En Provence France Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

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Multi-Shell Copper Catalysts for Selective Electroreduction of CO2 to Multicarbon Chemicals

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ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS 2024年第1期14卷 2302556-2302556页

作者： Xiao, Yukun Wang, Meng Yang, Haozhou Qiu, Haoran Lu, Haotian Da, Yumin Chen, Ganwen Jiang, Tianyuan Fu, Weiwei Hu, Bihao Chen, Junmei Chen, Lei Ding, Yishui Cui, Baihua Jiang, Chonglai Sun, Zejun Long, Yu Yang, Haotian Tian, Zhangliu Wang, Lei Chen, Wei Tianjin Univ Joint Sch Natl Univ Singapore & Tianjin Univ Int Campus Binhai New City 350207 Fuzhou Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore Dept Chem 3 Sci Dr 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Dept Chem & Biomol Engn Singapore 117585 Singapore Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Nanoyang Grp Tianjin Key Lab Adv Carbon & Electrochem Energy S Sch Chem Engn & Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Dunman High Sch 10 Tanjong Rhu Rd Singapore 436895 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Dept Phys 2 Sci Dr 3 Singapore 117542 Singapore

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2R) coupled with renewable electricity has been considered as a promising route for the sustainability transition of energy and chemical industries. However, the unsatisfactory yield of desired products, particularly multicarbon (C2+) products, has hindered the implementation of this technology. This work describes a strategy to enhance the yield of C2+ product formation in CO2R by utilizing spatial confinement effects. The finite element simulation results suggest that increasing the number of shells in the catalyst wil lead to a high local concentration of *CO and promotes the formation of C2+ products. Inspired by this, Cu nanoparticles are synthesized with desired hollow multi-shell structures. The CO2 reduction results confirm that as the number of shells increase, the hollow multi-shell copper catalysts exhibit improved selectivity toward C2+ products. Specifically, the Cu catalyst with 4.4-shell achieved a high selectivity of over 80% toward C2+ at a current density of 900 mA cm(-2). Evidence from in situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy unveils that the multi-shell Cu catalyst exhibits an enhanced *COatop coverage and the stronger interaction with *COatop compared to commercial Cu, confirming the simulation results. Overall, the work promises an effective approach for boosting CO2R selectivity toward value-added chemicals.

关键词： C2+ products electrochemical CO2 reduction high current density multi-shell Cu

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Lattice Boltzmann simulation on adsorption of sulfuric acid vapor by ash particles

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Fuel 2025年 401卷

作者： Jiyun Ren Chongjun Jiang Fangfang Hu Hui Wang Yunhao Shao Xinyu Liu Zhang Wu Feng Pan Qidong Yang Lei Deng Defu Che State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing 102249 China China Energy Engineering Group Shaanxi Electric Power Design Institute Co. Ltd. Xi’an 710054 China West Pipeline Company of PipeChina Urumchi 830000 China

In the low-low temperature flue gas systems, sulfuric acid vapor is adsorbed onto the ash particles. Based on the SEM images of ash particles, the OpenCV library in C++ is employed for image binarization, which aids in developing a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) that incorporates convection–diffusion and surface adsorption. The adsorption process of sulfuric acid vapor by ash particles with different chemical compositions is simulated and evaluated. The results indicate that sulfuric acid vapor exits through the ash particles at 5.1 μs, and stabilizes after 51 μs, reaching a maximum velocity of 0.29 m s –1 . Without chemical additives, the ash particles undergo a rapid adsorption phase within the initial 1000 μs, achieving nearly 78.92 % saturation with an average adsorption amount of 1.31 mg g –1 . At 10200 μs, most ash particles approach saturation adsorption, ranging from 1.6 to 1.8 mg g –1 . For all ash particles with added chemical components, adsorption preferentially occurs on the left side at both 5.1 μs and 51 μs. At 510 μs, nearly half of the ash particles with 7.1 % K 2 CO 3 reach adsorption saturation, while approximately one-half of those with 9.2 % Na 2 CO 3 achieve the same. Following the addition of 18.4 % Na 2 CO 3 , smaller ash particles approach saturation at a faster adsorption rate compared to those with 14.2 % K 2 CO 3 , with less than half of the region reaching an adsorption amount of 3.5mg g −1 . At 1000 μs, the ash particles containing 9.2 % and 18.4 % Na 2 CO 3 , along with 7.1 % and 14.2 % K 2 CO 3 , achieve saturation adsorption amounts of 96.14, 96.73 %, 95.45 %, and 93.87 %, respectively. The adsorption rate is high during the first 1000 μs but significantly declines after 1500 μs, nearing saturation by 3000 μs. The addition of 18.4 % Na 2 CO 3 results in porosity of up to 73.65 % and fewer large particles, allowing for faster mainstream velocity and mass transfer within the pores, thereby facilitating the vapor adsorption. By integrat

关键词： Adsorption Ash particles Image binarization Lattice Boltzmann method Sulfuric acid vapor

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Performance prediction and evaluation of the scroll-type hydrogen pump for FCVs based on CFD-Taguchi method

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2019年第29期44卷 15333-15343页

作者： Zhang, Qingqing Feng, Jianmei Zhang, Quanquan Peng, Xueyuan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China An Hui Lab Compressor Technol State Key Lab Compressor Technol Hefei 230031 Anhui Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

To improve hydrogen utilisation and provide superior water management, the recirculation hydrogen pump is one of the key components in a fuel-cell vehicle (FCV). This work focused on the performance estimation of a scroll-type hydrogen pump for FCVs. A series of CFD simulation cases were designed using the Taguchi method and were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for volumetric efficiency, and the effects of four factors, including pressure ratio, rotating speed, axial clearance, and radial clearance. The contributions of these factors on volumetric efficiency and shaft power were quantified by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The results show that axial clearance and rotating speed are the main influencing factors on volumetric efficiency, and their contribution ratios are 45.3% and 39.6%, respectively, in the operational range of the hydrogen pump for FCVs. Pressure ratio and rotating speed should be considered first to reduce shaft power, and their contribution ratios are 40.9% and 55.4%, respectively. At last, the performance maps of the scroll-type hydrogen pump were obtained to reveal the dynamic changes at various working conditions. It is found that volumetric efficiency and shaft power are more sensitive to the change in rotating speed when the pressure ratio deviates from the designed value. The results can be used as guidelines for component matching in the design and operation of PEM fuel cell systems. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Scroll hydrogen pump CFD-Taguchi method Contribution ratios FCVs

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DETERMINING DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS OF OXYGEN IN SUPERCRITICAL WATER WITH MOLECULAR DYNAMICS

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THERMAL SCIENCE 2019年第Sup3期23卷 S781-S787页

作者： Zhao, Xiao Liu, Yigang Zou, Jian Wang, Qiuxia Liu, Hao Zhang, Hua Jin, Hui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China CNOOC China Ltd Tianjin Branch Bohai Oilfield Res Inst Tanggu Peoples R China

The supercritical water oxidation is a significant way for the waste disposal. The diffusion of the oxygen in the water at the infinite dilution is simulated at 300 K and 1 atm, and 650 K, 673 K, 773 K, 873 K, 973 K, and 250 atm with the molecular dynamics software. The mean squared displacement method is used to calculate the diffusion coefficient. At 300 K, 1 atm, our calculation gives 0.20 . 10(-8) m(2)/s, which is very near to three empirical equations. When the condition is beyond the critical point, these empirical equations lost their accuracy, and only Kawasaki-Oppenheimw equation can be compared to our calculation results. At supercritical conditions, we illustrate the diffusion coefficients with the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy is 22.54 kJ/mol.

关键词： diffusion oxygen molecular dynamics supercritical water oxidation Arrhenius equation

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