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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wu, Zhen Zou, Kunyang Dai, Xin Zhang, Yu-Han Zhang, Xudong Wang, Hao Hou, Zhufeng Ma, Lijing Liu, Yan Chen, Yuanzhen Guo, Shengwu Liu, Yongning State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao266101 China Center for High Performance Computing Network Information Center Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Hefei Advanced Computing Center Operation Management Corp Ltd Hefei230088 China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou350002 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) are considered as the promising cathode materials for next-generation high energy density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, severe voltage fade and capacity decay hinder their commercial applications. Increasing the Ni content in LLOs effectively improves the stability and discharge voltage, but shows reduced capacities, typically © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium compounds

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Development of Heat Transfer Correlation for Supercritical Water in Vertical Upward Tubes

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HEAT TRANSFER engineering 2019年第8期40卷 652-666页

作者： Lei, Xianliang Guo, Yumeng Zhang, Weiqiang Li, Huixiong Li, Liangxing Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn 28 West Xian Ning Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China North Carolina State Univ Dept Nucl Engn Raleigh NC 27695 USA

Supercritical water is widely used in many advanced single-phase thermosiphons due to its favorable heat and mass transfer characteristics and potentially high thermal efficiency. However, the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water in the deterioration regime cannot be accurately predicted due to the absence of exact evaluation of the effect on steep variation in thermophysical properties near the pseudocritical point. The present paper focuses on the deterioration mode by analyzing the physical mechanism and constructing a new correlation. About 3,000 experimental data on supercritical water, including 40 deteriorated heat transfer cases from open literature, were collected. Quantitative assessment of heat transfer behavior was conducted based on existing test data and previous criteria gathered from extant literature. Based on experimental data evaluation and phenomenological analysis, an improved dimensionless correlation is proposed by introducing multi-dimensionless parameters, which can correct the deviation of heat transfer from its conventional behavior in the Dittus-Boelter equation. Comparisons of various heat transfer correlations with the selected test data show that the new correlation agrees better with the test data versus other correlations selected from the open literature.

关键词： Deterioration

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Highly stable nanocrystalline oxide dispersion strengthened alloys with outstanding helium bubble suppression

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JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS 2021年 557卷 153283-153283页

作者： Yan, Xu Su, Zhengxiong Liang, Jinjia Shi, Tan Sun, Baoru Lei, Penghui Yun, Di Shen, Tongde Ran, Guang Lu, Chenyang Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China Yanshan Univ Clean Nano Energy Ctr State Key Lab Metastable Mat Sci & Technol Qinhuangdao 066004 Hebei Peoples R China Xiamen Univ Coll Energy Xiamen 361102 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China

Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys containing high-density nano-oxides show excellent mechanical properties and irradiation tolerance. However, ODS alloys are often ultrafine-grained materials since the grain size of matrix is located between 100 and 1000 nm. Here, nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained ODS alloys with different grain sizes (50 nm and 300 nm) were prepared by mechanical alloying and high-pressure consolidation techniques, which show exceptional thermal stability. To understand their irradiation response, the two alloys were irradiated with 400 keV helium ions to a fluence of 1 x 10(17) He+/cm(2) at 350 degrees C, 400 degrees C and 450 degrees C. The results show that the size and volume fraction of helium bubbles in nanocrystalline ODS alloys increase when the irradiation temperature increases from 350 degrees C to 450 degrees C. Grain boundaries (GBs) play a key role in bubble formation and evolution. We identified the bubble denuded zone (BDZ) near the GBs, but the width of the denuded zone narrowed and finally vanished with increasing helium concentration. Nanocrystalline ODS alloy with 50 nm grains (Y50) can disperse helium into much finer bubbles than ultrafine-grained ODS alloy with 300 nm grains (Y300) because of the extremely high density of GBs and oxide-matrix boundaries. To our best knowledge, Y50 alloy presents the best helium bubble suppression ability among all studied ODS and nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFA), which makes it a promising candidate material for using in fission and fusion nuclear reactors. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocrystalline metal ODS alloy Helium bubble Grain boundary Ion implantation

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Efficient degradation of amoxicillin by scaled-up electro-Fenton process: Attenuation of toxicity and decomposition mechanism

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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA 2021年 381卷 138274-138274页

作者： Zhang, Jianyu Zheng, Chunli Dai, Yujie He, Chi Liu, Hongxia Chai, Shouning Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Jiangsu TST Profess Testing Co Ltd Suqian 223800 Jiangsu Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

In this work, a scaled-up electro-Fenton (EF) system was performed on the treatment of amoxicillin (AMX) wastewater. The effects of operational parameters on AMX degradation efficiency were investigated, such as Fe2+ concentration, pH, applied current (mA) and initial AMX concentration. Kinetic analysis exhibited the degradation process followed the First-order kinetic model. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied here to determine and analyze the optimum operating condition. Up to17.68 mg.L-1 of H2O2 could be in situ generated in 120 min without external O-2 supply and reusability of the electrodes were analyzed. Moreover, a degradation mechanism with hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH) as dominant oxidant was proposed. UPLC-MS analysis was performed to identify oxidation intermediates and thus a reasonable degradation pathway of AMX was speculated. Acute toxicity assessment showed a 50% decrease in biotoxicity of the treated effluent. The EF system provided a new insight into the effective pretreatment of antibiotic wastewater. (c) 2021ElsevierLtd. Allrightsreserved.

关键词： Electro-fenton Amoxicillin wastewater Hydroxyl radicals Degradation mechanism

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Modification and update of FROBA-ROD code and its applications in fuel rod behavior analysis for PWRs

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ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY 2019年 133卷 900-915页

作者： Liao, Haoyu Wu, Zhenxing Liu, Luguo Wu, Yingwei Qiu, Suizheng Su, G. H. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Shaanxi Key Lab Adv Nucl Energy & Technol Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Nucl Power Inst China Sci & Technol Reactor Syst Design Technol Lab Chengdu 610041 Sichuan Peoples R China

To analyze the behavior of PWRs fuel rods under steady operation conditions, some models such as modified Forsberg-Massih model and TUBRNP model were applied to FROBA-ROD code, which was developed by Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2012. Then more significant fuel rod behaviors could be simulated by FROBA-ROD code, which facilitated the safety analysis of fuel elements especially under accident conditions. To conduct transient thermal calculations and to improve the simulation accuracy, existing thermal models in FROBA were modified with the new fuel rod thermal conductivity model and burnup distribution model. The new models were validated by comparing it with the results of authorized commercial codes FRAPCON-4.0 and ABQUS and by comparing it with IFA-432 Rod 1 experimental benchmark data conducted by Oak Ridge National laboratory. The relative calculation errors of centerline temperature calculated by modified FROBA-ROD, original FROBA-ROD and FRAPCON were 5.44%, 11.68% and 9.47% separately, which indicated that the modification and update of FROBA-ROD were valid. Modified FROBA-ROD code was applied to perform the behavior analysis of the AP1000 fuel rod. The simulation results indicated that there were enough safety margins for fuel rod behavior of AP1000 at rated operation conditions. The maximum oxidation thickness of cladding appeared at the upper part of the cladding tube in AP1000, which indicated that this area suffered a higher risk of cladding failure. Modified FROBA-ROD code is expected to deal with fuel rod scenarios under accident conditions after some additions of transient models. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Code modification FROBA-ROD Fission gas release Water corrosion Burnup

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Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Performance of Centrifugal Pump Under Bubble Inflow Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics-Population Balance Model Coupling Model

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JOURNAL OF FLUIDS engineering-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2020年第8期142卷 081402页

作者： He, Denghui Ge, Zhenguo Bai, Bofeng Guo, Pengcheng Luo, Xingqi Xian Univ Technol State Key Lab Ecohydraul Northwest Arid Reg China Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xian Univ Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710048 Shaanxi Peoples R China

In this study, a numerical simulation method based on Eulerian-Eulerian model and population balance model (PBM) (i.e., computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-PBM coupling model) was developed to investigate the gas-liquid two-phase performance of centrifugal pump under bubble inflow. The realizable k-epsilon model turbulence model was implemented in ansys fluent solver. The air and water were employed as the working fluids, which was consistent with the experiment. The water head and pressure increment obtained by the experiment were used to validate the numerical method. The results show that the CFD-PBM coupling model is superior to the Eulerian-Eulerian model, particularly in the "surging" conditions. Using the CFD-PBM coupling model, the influences of parameters, such as inlet gas volume fraction, liquid phase flowrate, and rotational speed, on the head and efficiency of the centrifugal pump were investigated. Under the design condition, when the inlet gas volume fraction increases from 3% to 5%, the bubbles form air mass and stagnate in the impeller channel. The stagnated air mass can hardly be discharged with the liquid phase. Thus, the pump head drops suddenly, i.e., the surging occurs. The two-phase performance of centrifugal pump can be improved under the surging condition by increasing the liquid flowrate and the rotational speed to a certain value. The results contribute to an alternative simulation method to investigate the characteristics of bubble flow in pump and shed new lights on the understanding of the performance of centrifugal pumps under two-phase flow conditions.

关键词： gas-liquid two-phase flow bubble flow centrifugal pump CFD-PBM

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Degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) plastics in seawater

DeCarbon

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DeCarbon 2023年 1卷

作者： Meixin Guan Hui Jin Wenwen Wei Mi Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF) Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang China

The world's marine litter consists mainly of plastic, and 99% of it does not float on the surface of the sea but on the seabed. The plastic carbon footprint necessarily includes the extraction or manufacture of raw materials, the conversion process, the distribution of products, the consumption of specific types of products and the disposal of the final product, as all these stages release carbon into the atmosphere. This work, inspired by marine microplastics and investigates how plastic waste is degraded and transformed in high-pressure, low-temperature seawater, this paper investigates the corrosion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) plastics in seawater at high-pressure, using artificial seawater temperatures to simulate ocean temperatures of approximately 4 °C and time settings of 1 day–7 days. The results show that increasing the time enhances the degradation of the plastics and that changing the pressure has little effect on the degradation effect. Understanding its degradation in seawater can help us to better treat plastic waste and thus reduce the carbon footprint of the disposal process.

关键词： PET PP High-pressure seawater Degradation

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Double doping approach for unusually stable and large n-type thermoelectric voltage from p-type multi-walled carbon nanotube mats

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2020年第26期8卷 13095-13105页

作者： Hu, Qiujun Lu, Zhongxu Wang, Yizhuo Wang, Jing Wang, Hong Wu, Ziping Lu, Guanghao Zhang, Hao-Li Yu, Choongho Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Frontier Inst Sci & Technol Xian 710054 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710054 Peoples R China Jiangxi Univ Sci Technol Sch Mat Sci & Engn Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China Lanzhou Univ Coll Chem & Chem Engn State Key Lab Appl Organ Chem SKLAOC Lanzhou 730000 Peoples R China Texas A&M Univ Mech Engn Dept College Stn TX 77843 USA

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have shown low n-type Seebeck coefficients (-10 mu V K-1), which are not good enough to prepare high performance low-cost MWCNT based mechanically flexible thermoelectric devices. Here, we present a double doping approach utilizing a small n-type doping molecule, 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazole (N-DMBI), in addition to encapsulated metal (iron) nanoparticles for achieving a high n-type thermoelectric performance with MWCNTs. With double doping, we have shown high n-type Seebeck coefficients up to -56 mu V K(-1)along with a power factor up to 112 mu W m(-1)K(-2)at room temperature, which, to the best of our knowledge, is at least an order of magnitude higher than the power factors of previously reported n-type MWCNT based organic materials. More importantly, the negative Seebeck coefficient was maintained even after 60 days' exposure to air. An outstanding output power of 1.9 W m(-2)at a temperature difference of 60 K was generated with a flexible thermoelectric device made of only MWCNT mats. The new findings could lead to the development of robust and flexible thermoelectric devices made of only low-cost MWCNTs.

关键词： Seebeck coefficient

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Effects of Char and Volatiles Extraction on the Performance of Dual Bed Pyrolysis Gasification System

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ENERGY & FUELS 2019年第6期33卷 4877-4889页

作者： Qin, Zhen Bhattacharya, Sankar Sharif, Maimoona Zhang, Zaoxiao Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Monash Univ Dept Chem Engn Clayton Vic 3800 Australia

The molar ratio of H-2/CO (R-HC) and high heating value (HHV) for gasification syngas are the crucial parameters for a chemical synthesis process. Except for the conventional method by changing the ratios of O-2/coal and H2O/coal, is it feasible to improve the quality of syngas by controlling the elemental components of the given coal fed into the gasifier? To investigate this hypothesis, we focused on the dual bed pyrolysis gasification (DBPG) technology and proposed the operation of char and volatiles extraction to change the elemental mass fraction fed into a gasifier. A two-step model coupling the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model for pyrolysis and the Gibbs free energy minimum model for a gasifier is raised to evaluate the performance of DBPG system, and the properties of the syngas are compared with those of the one-step gasification process. The results show that under a certain strategy for oxygen and steam feeding, if 50% of char or volatiles is extracted, the HHV of gasifier syngas can be affected slightly, while the R-HC will increase by 17.13 or 9.10%, respectively. However, the unit yield of available syngas will reduce due to the extraction of char and volatiles.

关键词： Coal Pyrolysis Syngas Extraction Gasification

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INFLUENCE OF OPERATING CONDITIONS ON AMMONIUM BISULFATE DEPOSITION IN THE ROTARY AIR PREHEATER OF COAL-FIRED power PLANTS

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THERMAL SCIENCE 2019年第2期23卷 1251-1262页

作者： Wang, Limin Bu, Yufan He, Yang Tang, Chunli Deng, Lei Che, Defu Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Human Settlements & Civil Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

To achieve the maximum NOx reduction in coal-fired power plant, excess ammonia is injected into the selective catalytic reduction reactor, which leads to the formation of ammonium bisulfate due to the reaction between ammonia escaping from the selective catalytic reduction reactor and SOx in the flue gas. Ammonium bisulfate can condense in the rotary regenerative air-preheater, which would adversely affect the safe and efficient operation of the air-preheater. An improved radian number is proposed to estimate the ammonium bisulfate deposition. The operating conditions or modes of the air-preheater, i. e., air-flow bypass, cold-end protection and different splitting fluid sector arrangements, are comparatively studied to analyze the temperature and ammonium bisulfate deposition distributions. The hot air re-circulation is not helpful to mitigate the ammonium bisulfate deposition in medium matrix layer. The splitting gas sector arrangement would cause more serious plugging problem, but the splitting air sector arrangements can alleviate the ammonium bisulfate deposition. To increase the air bypass rate is more effective than the splitting air sector arrangements to alleviate the plugging problem. The improved radian number is more reasonable to reflect the ammonium bisulfate deposition compared with the original radian number.

关键词： rotary regenerative air-preheater operating condition ammonium bisulfate deposition improved radian number

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