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One-Dimensional Nanomaterials in Resistive Gas Sensor: From Material Design to Application

CHEMOSENSORS 2021年第8期9卷 198页

作者： Wang, Ze Zhu, Lei Sun, Shiyi Wang, Jianan Yan, Wei Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710019 Peoples R China Weinan Normal Univ Sch Phys & Elect Engn Chaoyang St Weinan 714099 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Zhejiang Res Inst 328 Wenming Rd Hangzhou 310000 Peoples R China

With a series of widespread applications, resistive gas sensors are considered to be promising candidates for gas detection, benefiting from their small size, ease-of-fabrication, low power consumption and outstanding maintenance properties. One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials, which have large specific surface areas, abundant exposed active sites and high length-to-diameter ratios, enable fast charge transfers and gas-sensitive reactions. They can also significantly enhance the sensitivity and response speed of resistive gas sensors. The features and sensing mechanism of current resistive gas sensors and the potential advantages of 1-D nanomaterials in resistive gas sensors are firstly reviewed. This review systematically summarizes the design and optimization strategies of 1-D nanomaterials for high-performance resistive gas sensors, including doping, heterostructures and composites. Based on the monitoring requirements of various characteristic gases, the available applications of this type of gas sensors are also classified and reviewed in the three categories of environment, safety and health. The direction and priorities for the future development of resistive gas sensors are laid out.

关键词： resistive gas sensor 1-D nanomaterial materials design gas detection sensing mechanism environment monitoring

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INVESTIGATION ON DRAG COEFFICIENT OF SUPERCRITICAL WATER CROSS-flow PAST CYLINDER BIOMASS PARTICEL AT LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER

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THERMAL SCIENCE 2018年第Sup2期22卷 S383-S389页

作者： Wu, Zhen-Qun Jin, Hui Ren, Yi-Fei Guo, Lie-Jin Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

The supercritical water gasification of biomass technology is a promising approach for the efficient and clean conversion of wet-biomass to hydrogen-rich gas production. Many of the biomass materials are of rodlike shape and gasified in supercritical water fluidized bed. So the particle-fluid two flow behaviors insider supercritical water fluidized bed are of great importance. Constrained by the extreme operating condition, numerical methods, such as the Euler-Euler method and Euler-Lagrange method, are used to study the flow behaviors inside the supercritical water fluidized bed. As the accuracy of these methods are depended on the drag force model and there is little investigation on that at supercritical condition, this work is focused on the drag coefficient of cylinder biomass particle with different ratio of length to diameter. The simulated results show that there is no difference for the drag coefficient of a certain particle at different condition when the Reynolds number is same. The variation tendency of the pressure and viscous drag coefficient with Reynolds number and the ratio of length to diameter is also given in this paper.

关键词： cylinder biomass particle drag coefficient supercritical water numerical simulation

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Temperature effect on green-synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticle as photocatalyst for overall water splitting

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JOURNAL OF PHOTONICS FOR ENERGY 2020年第4期10卷 042006-042006页

作者： Chen, Qing-Yun Haq, Sajjad U. Xing, Zhong-Hang Wang, Yun-Hai Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian Peoples R China

Co3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a green synthesis method using bread fungus and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate as the precursors. The effects of the calcination temperature on the structure and properties of nanoparticles, and the ambient temperature on the photocatalytic reaction are discussed. The cubic structure of Co3O4 nanoparticles was obtained, and the grain size was between 14 and 19 nm at different calcination temperatures. Co3O4 calcined at 500 degrees C shows good photocatalytic performance. Without adding any sacrificial agent and cocatalyst, the amount of hydrogen and oxygen released in 5 h were 259.4 and 135.7 mu molg(-1), respectively. The results show that, with the increase of ambient temperature, the evolution rate of hydrogen and oxygen is accelerated, and the atomic ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is close to 2:1. In addition, the Co3O4 photocatalyst has good stability. Our study provides an environmentally friendly, low-cost, and efficient method for the preparation of cobalt oxide photocatalysts with excellent performance. (C) 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

关键词： cobalt oxide overall water splitting green synthesis hydrogen oxygen

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Dryout quality prediction for boiling two-phase flow in vertical helically coiled tubes

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2018年 128卷 982-992页

作者： Niu, Xiaojuan Yuan, Huaijie Quan, Chen Zhao, Liang Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

An analytical model for the prediction of the onset of dryout quality in annular flow regime in helically coiled tubes is present in this paper. According to the liquid film dryout mechanism, film dryout is primarily dependent on the competition between droplet entrainment and deposition with a certain heat flux. To this effect, it is necessary to define the net entrainment rate in the helical tube. The factors significantly affecting the droplet entrainment and deposition characteristics in the helical tube are analyzed theoretically. Three dimensionless numbers are used to modify the net entrainment rate in straight tube. A total of 252 experimental points from 6 different datasets are used to test the performance of the model. Comparisons between the calculated and experimental results in literatures indicate that the present model has good predictive capability in predicting onset of dryout in helically coiled tubes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Helically coiled tube Dryout Net entrainment rate Entrainment Deposition

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COVID-19 epidemiologic surveillance using wastewater

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021年第3期19卷 1911-1915页

作者： Sharma, Virender K. Jinadatha, Chetan Lichtfouse, Eric Decroly, Etienne van Helden, Jacques Choi, Hosoon Chatterjee, Piyali Texas A&M Univ Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sch Publ Hlth Program Environm & Sustainabil College Stn TX 77843 USA Cent Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst 1901 Vet Mem Dr Temple TX 76504 USA Aix Marseille Univ CNRS IRD INRAColl FranceCEREGE F-13100 Aix En Provence France Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Aix Marseille Univ CNRS AFMB UMR 7257 Case 925163 Ave Luminy F-13288 Marseille 09 France Aix Marseille Univ Lab Theory & Approaches Genome Complex TAGC INSERM Marseille France

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Energy Recovery From Composite Acetate Polymer-Biomass Wastes via Pyrolysis and CO2-Assisted Gasification

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JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 2021年第4期143卷 042305页

作者： Li, Jinhu Burra, Kiran G. Wang, Zhiwei Liu, Xuan Kerdsuwan, Somrat Gupta, Ashwani K. Univ Maryland Combust Lab Dept Mech Engn College Pk MD 20742 USA China Univ Min & Technol Sch Safety Engn Xuzhou 221116 Jiangsu Peoples R China Henan Acad Sci Energy Res Inst Co Ltd Henan Key Lab Biomass Energy Zhengzhou 450008 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China King Mongkuts Univ Technol North Bangkok Waste Incinerat Res Ctr Bangkok 10800 Thailand

Discarded cigarette butts contain polymers, biomass, and a variety of toxins that cause an adverse effect to the human health and environment for years. The cigarette residuals are not recyclable and often get mixed with other kinds of wastes so that much of this waste ends up in landfills. This study investigates the safe disposal of cigarette butts by the thermochemical pathways using pyrolysis and gasification. Mass loss during its thermal decomposition was examined first using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The effect of temperature on the pyrolysis and CO2-assisted gasification was then conducted using a semi-batch reactor with a focus on the flowrate of total syngas and its gas components. Syngas yield, energy recovery, as well as energy efficiency were calculated and compared. The effect of temperature on the CO2 consumption during the gasification process was also examined. The thermal decomposition of cellulose acetate, tar, and wrapping paper were the main contributors during the pyrolysis of cigarette butt. However, the gasification process mainly consisted of the pyrolysis, cracking, and reforming reactions in the gas phase and gasification of char derived from wrapping paper. An increase in temperature enhanced the syngas flowrate, syngas yield, and gas efficiency while decreasing the char yield and reaction time for both the processes. Energy recovery from gasification was higher than pyrolysis due to added CO generation. The maximum syngas energy of 13.0 kJ/g under the gasification condition at 1223 K was 67.2% higher as compared with the pyrolysis. High temperature strongly affected the gasification reaction, while it was negligible at a temperature lower than 1023 K. Complete conversion occurred during gasification at 1223 K that provided only ash residue. The CO2 gasification of cigarette butts provided an effective pathway to utilize 0.5 g CO2/g feedstock at 1223 K to form valuable CO by the Boudouard reaction. Compared with the gasification of oth

关键词： cigarette butts thermochemical conversion pyrolysis gasification syngas energy Boudouard reaction combustion of waste fluidized bed energy conversion systems energy from biomass renewable energy

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Investigation on turbulent characterization of arrayed micro-tube premixed hydrogen flames using an enhanced flamelet library

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Applied Thermal engineering 2025年 275卷

作者： Han, Xiao Yin, Yanxu Wang, Bosen Chang, Yunxin Cai, Xiao Research Institute of Aero-Engine Beihang University Beijing100191 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero-thermodynamics Beihang University Beijing100191 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine Beihang University Beijing100191 China Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an710049 China

Lean turbulent premixed hydrogen/air flames exhibit increased flame wrinkling and significantly enhanced flame speeds, posing challenges for stable combustion. In the novel arrayed multi-flame burner, flame instabilities are intensified by flame-flame interactions. This study develops a distributed and efficient numerical framework for the Large Eddy Simulation-Flamelet Generated Manifold (LES-FGM) method, incorporating an improved 1D flamelet library. The framework is applied to investigate flame dynamics in both bluff-body and conical flame systems under varying equivalence ratios (= 0.4–0.7) and Karlovitz numbers (Ka = 1–100). By accounting for preferential diffusion, thermal-diffusive instability, and heat loss in stretched flames, the framework improves the accuracy of the flamelet library and captures key physical effects. 1D simulations are performed to validate and analyze the influence of differential diffusion on flame characteristics. The impact of transient flame stretching is analyzed in detail, revealing its critical role in stability transitions across varying turbulence intensities. Additionally, this study examines turbulence effects and micromix multi-flame interactions. The flame stretch factor varies from 1.1 to 2.4 in these three cases. At lower equivalence ratios, higher Ka suppresses tip-opening but intensifies small-scale flame wrinkling. Flame pocket detachment becomes more frequent. Vortex interactions play a key role in flame instability. The strain rate of conical flames is 40 % lower than that of bluff-body flames. These findings provide novel insights into flame dynamics in multi-flame burner arrays, which are critical for optimizing combustion performance in gas turbine combustors. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Large eddy simulation

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VACUUM CONDENSATION IN AN INCLINED FLAT TUBE: HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP

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HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH 2018年第1期49卷 15-29页

作者： Gu, Hongfang Wang, Haitao Chen, Qi Yao, Jianan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

Accurate design of air-cooled condensers using inclined flat tubes requires a reliable method for determining heat transfer and pressure drop in the downflow and upflow sections. This paper presents experimental study of downflow and upflow condensation in an inclined flat tube under vacuum. Experimental results and analysis confirm that the heat transfer mechanism underlying the condensation in an inclined flat tube with a large flatter cross section is the same as for downflow condensation on a vertical plate under gravity influence. The characteristics of two-phase pressure drop in an inclined flat tube are also similar for downflow condensation inside a circular tube. Upflow reflux condensation has a better heat transfer performance compared to downflow condensation due to the opposite vapor and condensate flow, thus enhancing heat transfer on the vapor-liquid interface. Using experimental data, the empirical constants in the Nusselt model and the Chisholm two-phase frictional multiplier in the Lockhart-Martinelli pressure drop model were modified. Comparisons show that the modified Nusselt correlation predicts heat transfer data within +/- 15% and pressure drop predictions can be achieved within +/- 30% for the majority of experimental data. This study provides an alternate approach for design and optimization of air-cooled condensers with inclined flat tubes.

关键词： condensation inclined flat tube two-phase pressure drop heat transfer air-cooled condenser

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Effect of FGR position on the characteristics of combustion, emission and flue gas temperature deviation in a 1000 MW tower-type double-reheat boiler with deep-air-staging

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FUEL 2019年 246卷 285-294页

作者： Liu, Hu Zhang, Lei Li, Qianqian Zhu, Hua Deng, Lei Liu, Yinhe Che, Defu Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Sch Energy & Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xian Thermal Power Res Inst Co Ltd Xian 710032 Shaanxi Peoples R China Dongfang Elect Corp Dongfang Boiler Grp Co Ltd Chengdu 611731 Sichuan Peoples R China

Flue gas recirculation (FGR), which is widely adopted to control the steam temperature of ultra-supercritical (USC) double-reheat boiler, significantly affects the temperature distribution, NOx generation, and flue gas temperature deviation in furnace. This study presents a numerical study on the combustion process in a 1000MW tower-type double-reheat boiler with deep-air-staging. The effect of FGR injection position on the temperature distribution, NOx emission, and gas temperature deviation was studied and discussed under 100% boiler maximum continuous rating (BMCR), 75% turbine heat acceptance (THA), and 50% THA loads. The numerical model was validated by the in-house thermal calculation code and design parameters provided by the boiler manufacturer. The results show that, under the same load, when recirculating flue gas (RFG) is injected into the furnace from the nozzle blow the burner, the burner zone temperature is lower but the NO generation is higher than the case in which RFG is injected from the nozzle above the burner. Compared to the former, NOx emission of the latter reduced by 12.3%, 31.2%, and 33.8% under 100% BMCR, 75% THA, and 50% THA load, respectively. Both the inlet flue gas temperature and the heat flux of the primary superheater decrease when RFG was introduced from the nozzle above the burner. The case in which RFG is injected from the nozzle above the burner was found to be an applicable and effective method to control the NO generation and regulate the steam temperature of the double-reheat boiler.

关键词： Ultra-supercritical tower-type double-reheat boiler Deep-air-staging Flue gas recirculation injection position NO generation Flue gas temperature deviation

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A numerical investigation on dynamics of ferrofluid droplet in nonuniform magnetic field

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NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS 2019年第10期75卷 690-707页

作者： Ling, Kong Guo, Kai-Kai Zhang, Shuai Tao, Wen-Quan Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Key Lab Thermofluid Sci & Engn MOE 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xian ShuFeng Technol Informat Ltd Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

This article presents a 3D numerical investigation on ferrofluid droplet motion in magnetic field using VOSET. A nonuniform magnetic field mimicking the one produced by an electric wire loop was generated in a finite computational domain. A validation problem on droplet deformation in uniform magnetic field was first studied, and it gives consistent aspect ratios with reported experiments. The simulation revealed an entire process of the ferrofluid droplet movement, and the influences by the intensity of the magnetic field was investigated and analyzed. Finally, a set of simulations were conducted for net magnetic force on spherical droplet, and the achieved data led to a correlation, which gives accurate prediction in the magnitude of the magnetic force and can be applied to droplet with a certain degree of deformation.

关键词： Deformation

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