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Exploiting an Alternative CO₂ Absorption Process by Efficient Solvent Mixture

INDUSTRIAL & engineering CHEMISTRY RESEARCH 2015年第23期54卷 6165-6174页

作者： Yu, Yun S. Zhang, Ting T. Wu, Xiao M. Mu, De L. Zhang, Zao X. Wang, Geoff G. X. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Xian 710049 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Univ Queensland Sch Chem Engn St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia

CO2 capture greatly helps with greenhouse gas mitigation. Chemical and physical absorption can control CO2 emission, but these methods are costly. To reduce the cost, an efficient solvent mixture of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TAMH), tetramethylene sulfone (TMS), and ethylene glycol (EG) is assessed. Gasliquid equilibrium, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer models are developed and validated by experiments. Henrys constant, reaction kinetics, and mass transfer coefficients between CO2 and TAMH-TMS-EG are identified. CO2 loading and mass transfer coefficient are, respectively, obtained as 0.55 mol/molTAMH and 4.02kmol/m(2)/s/kPa, which are on average 25% and 34% higher than the typical MEA process. The theoretical energy consumption amount for desorption of TAMH-TMS-EG-CO2 solutions is identified as 1.11 GJ/t to 1.34GJ/t. Minimum mass transfer resistance is determined at 40% to 80% TMS fraction. A temperature bulge shift and improvement in the interface characteristics enhance mass transfer due to uniform temperature field and good gas and liquid countercurrent contact.

关键词： CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption SOLVENTS MIXTURES GREENHOUSE gas mitigation METHYLAMMONIUM MASS transfer

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THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PHOTO-THERMAL EFFECT OF GOLD NANORODS IRRADIATED BY FEMTOSECOND AND NANOSECOND LASER

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THERMAL SCIENCE 2022年第4期26卷 3133-3142页

作者： LI, Dong Zhao, Penghui Feng, Jing Xing, Linzhuang Chen, Bin Liao, Dingying Xi Jiaotong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Ophthalmol Affiliated Hosp 2 Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China Peking Univ Dept Ophthalmol Shenzhen Hosp Shenzhen Peoples R China

Nanoparticle mediated laser induced breakdown can be used for Nanoparticle synthesis, cell nanosurgery and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. To investi-gate the photo-thermal conversion of gold nanoparticles during pulsed laser irra-diation, the electron-phonon two temperature model was established in this study. The impact of laser energy density and pulse width on the thermal conversion and morphology change of gold nanorods were investigated and compared with exper-imental observations. The results show that the melting threshold of gold nanorods under nanosecond laser irradiation is about twenty times that of femtosecond laser irradiation. The mechanisms of nanorod fragmentation are different between femto and nanosecond laser irradiation: particle melting is more likely to occur in nano-second laser irradiation, while the Coulomb explosion is highly likely to occur in femtosecond laser irradiation.

关键词： laser induced optical breakdown photo-thermal effect electron-phonon-two-temperature model gold nanorods

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Experimental Measurement of JP-10 Viscosity at 242.7-753.3 K under Pressures up to 6.00 MPa

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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND engineering DATA 2017年第11期62卷 3671-3678页

作者： Gong, Siyuan Zhang, Xiangwen Bi, Qincheng Liu, Zhaohui Liu, Guozhu Tianjin Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol Minist Educ Key Lab Green Chem Technol Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Tianjin Univ Collaborat Innovat Ctr Chem Sci & Engn Tianjin Tianjin 300072 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shanxi Peoples R China

Viscosity under high temperatures and pressures is one of the most important thermophysical properties related to the heat-transfer calculation for fuel-cooled thermal management technology. The viscosities of a high-density hydrocarbon fuel JP-10 were measured using a two-capillary method at 242.7-753.3 K under 0.69-6 MPa. After the viscosity data of pure n-octane was measured and compared with the literature data, the measurement system was calibrated, and the average absolute deviation (AAD) and the maximum absolute deviation (MAD) were found to be 0.7196 and 1.35%. Yaws' equation and Bruno's equation are used to correlate the experimental data. The results are that the correlation AAD for Yaws' equation and Bruno's equation are within 4.04% and 4.25% under all the test conditions, respectively.

关键词： Liquids Theoretical and computational chemistry Fluids Viscosity Fuels

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Sensitive measurement of trace mercury using low pressure laser-induced plasma

Sensitive measurement of trace mercury using low pressure la...

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作者： Wang, Zhenzhen Deguchi, Yoshihiro Kuwahara, Masakazu Zhang, Xiaobo Yan, Junjie Liu, Jiping State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science University of Tokushima Tokushima 770-8501 Japan

The emission of trace heavy metals, such as mercury (Hg), from power plants and other industries is a severe environmental problem concerning the public health. The laser-induced plasma technique was employed to measure Hg under various conditions, which reveals several merits of this method at low pressure. The main interferences of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which include the black-body-like emission from plasma itself and coexisting molecular and atomic emissions, decreased significantly using low pressure laser-induced plasma. Under low pressure conditions, Hg signal was rather clear without serious influence even if there is no delay time from the laser irradiation, which means the gated detection device is not necessary. This method featured the detection limit of 0.3 ppm at pressure 700 Pa. Additionally, the feasible of this method in real applications was demonstrated by measuring Hg in combustion gas which performed preferable results. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.

关键词： Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Efficacious destruction of typical aromatic hydrocarbons over CoMn/Ni foam monolithic catalysts with boosted activity and water resistance

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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE 2024年 668卷 98-109页

作者： Wang, Dengtai Jiang, Luxiang Tian, Mingjiao Liu, Jing Zhan, Yi Li, Xiaoxiao Wang, Zuwu He, Chi Wuhan Univ Sch Resources & Environm Sci 299 Bayi Rd Wuhan 430072 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Environm Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol Sch Energy & Power Engn State Key Lab Coal Combust Wuhan 430074 Peoples R China

Developing cost-effective monolith catalyst with superior low-temperature activity is critical for oxidative efficacious removal of industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the complexity of the industrial flue gas conditions demands the need for high moisture tolerance, which is challenging. Herein, CoMn - Metal Organic Framework (CoMn - MOF) was in situ grown on Ni foam (NiF) at room temperature to synthesize the cost-effective monolith catalyst. The optimized catalyst, Co1Mn1/NiF, exhibited excellent performance in toluene oxidation ( T 90 = 239 degrees C) due to the substitution of manganese into the cobalt lattice. This substitution weakened the Co - O bond strength, creating more oxygen vacancies and increasing the active oxygen species content. Additionally, experimentally and computationally evidence revealed that the mutual inhibiting effect of three typical aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene and m - xylene) over the Co1Mn1/NiF catalyst was attributed to the competitive adsorption occurring on the active site. Furthermore, the Co1Mn1/NiF catalyst also presents outstanding water resistance, particularly at a concentration of 3 vol%, where the activity is even enhanced. This was attributed to the lower water adsorption and dissociation energy derived from the interaction between the bimetals. Results demonstrate that the dissociation of water vapor enables more reactive oxygen species to participate in the reaction which reduces the formation of intermediates and facilitates the reaction. This investigation provides new insights into the preparation of oxygen vacancy-rich monolith catalysts with high water resistance for practical applications.

关键词： Aliovalent substitution Monolith catalyst VOC oxidation Oxygen vacancy Water resistance

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An improved multiphase Moving Particle Semi-implicit method in bubble rising simulations with large density ratios

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NUCLEAR engineering AND DESIGN 2018年 340卷 370-387页

作者： Guo, Kailun Chen, Ronghua Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

In this study, an improved MMPS-CA method is developed against the inaccuracy of MMPS-CA (Continuous Acceleration) method in simulating bubble rising cases with large density ratios. A higher order Laplacian model is adopted to discretize pressure Poisson equation and a ECS source term with compressible form is adopted. A new multi-viscosity model is developed based on the Shepherd smoothing function, and the performances of different multi-viscosity models in bubble rising cases are investigated in detail. A higher order accuracy density smoothing scheme base on the Gaussian function is employed to avoid the unphysical invasions through the interface, and a dynamic displacement modification technique is developed to make the particle distribution more uniform in the calculation. Then several multiphase simulation cases including the stratified pool case, deformation of 2D square droplet case, single bubble rising case, two-phase Poiseuille flow case and the bubble rising benchmark case are employed to verify the robustness of the improved MMPS-CA method. Bubble pairs rising and coalescence cases are carried out to further verify the ability of the proposed method in simulating bubbles' behaviors. Results of the improved MMPS method fit well enough to other numerical and experimental results. At the end of the paper, a 2D closed air-water separator case is carried out to investigate the robustness of the improved MMPS-CA method in general bubble rising simulations with large density ratios.

关键词： multiphase Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MMPS) method Bubble rising simulation with large density ratios Stability and accuracy Multi-viscosity models Dynamic displacement modification

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Experimental investigation of heat transfer for supercritical pressure water flowing in vertical annular channels

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NUCLEAR engineering AND DESIGN 2011年第9期241卷 4045-4054页

作者： Gang, Wu Bi, Qincheng Yang, Zhendong Wang, Han Zhu, Xiaojing Hao, Hou Leung, L. K. H. Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Peoples R China Atom Energy Canada Ltd Chalk River ON K0J 1J0 Canada

An experiment has recently been completed at Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) to obtain wall-temperature measurements at supercritical pressures with upward flow of water inside vertical annuli. Two annular test sections were constructed with annular gaps of 4 and 6 mm, respectively, and an internal heater of 8 mm outer diameter. Experimental-parameter ranges covered pressures of 23-28 MPa, mass fluxes of 350-1000 kg/m(2)/s, heat fluxes of 200-1000 kW/m(2), and bulk inlet temperatures up to 400 degrees C. Depending on the flow conditions and heat fluxes, two distinctive heat transfer regimes, referring to as the normal heat transfer and deteriorated heat transfer, have been observed. At similar flow conditions, the heat transfer coefficients for the 6 mm gap annular channel are larger than those for the 4 mm gap annular channel. A strong effect of spiral spacer on heat transfer has been observed with a drastic reduction in wall temperature at locations downstream of the device in the annuli. Two tube-data-based correlations have been assessed against the experimental heat transfer results. The Jackson correlation agrees with the experimental trends and overpredicts slightly the heat transfer coefficients. The Dittus-Boelter correlation is applicable only for the normal heat transfer region but not for the deteriorated heat transfer region. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： HEAT transfer SUPERCRITICAL fluids PRESSURE WATER PHYSICS experiments TEMPERATURE measurements HEAT flux FLUID dynamics

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Thermal boundary condition for the thermal lattice Boltzmann equation

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Physical Review E 2005年第1期72卷 016703-016703页

作者： G. H. Tang W. Q. Tao Y. L. He State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 China

A thermal boundary condition for a double-population thermal lattice Boltzmann equation (TLBE) is introduced and numerically demonstrated. The unknown distribution population at the boundary node is decomposed into its equilibrium part and nonequilibrium parts, and then the nonequilibrium part is approximated with a first-order extrapolation of the nonequilibrium part of the populations at the neighboring fluid nodes. Numerical tests with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary constraints show that the numerical results of the TLBE together with the present boundary schemes agree well with the analytical solutions and those of the finite-volume method.

关键词： NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION BGK MODEL HEAT-TRANSFER GAS AUTOMATA flowS SIMULATION PRESSURE VELOCITY

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Experimental and numerical study on the laminar burning velocity of hydrogen enriched biogas mixture

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 2019年第39期44卷 22240-22249页

作者： Wei, Zhilong Zhen, Haisheng Fu, Jin Leung, Chunwah Cheung, Chunshun Huang, Zuohua Hainai Univ Mech & Elect Engn Coll Haikou Hainan Peoples R China Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Mech Engn Hong Kong Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian Shaanxi Peoples R China

The laminar burning velocities of biogas-hydrogen-air mixture at different fuel compositions and equivalence ratios were determined and studied using the spherical flame method. The combined effects of H-2 and CO2 on the laminar burning velocity were investigated quantitatively based on the kinetic effects and the thermal effects. The results show that the laminar burning velocities of the BG40, BG50 and BG60 are increased almost linearly with the H-2 addition owing to the improved fuel kinetics and the increased adiabatic flame temperature. The dropping trend of laminar burning velocity from the BG60-hydrogen to the BG40-hydrogen is primarily attributed to the decreased adiabatic flame temperature (thermal effects). The GRI 3.0 mechanism can predict the laminar burning velocity of biogas-hydrogen mixture better than the San Diego mechanism in this study. Whereas, the GRI mechanism still needs to be modified properly for the hydrogen-enriched biogas as the CO2 proportion exceeds 50% in the biogas at the fuel-rich condition. The increased CO2 exerts the stronger suppression on the net reaction rate of H + O-2=OH + O than that of H + CH3(+M) = CH4(+M), which contributes to that the rich-shift of peak laminar burning velocity of biogas-hydrogen mixture requires higher H-2 addition as the CO2 content is enhanced. For the biogas-hydrogen fuel, the H-2 addition decreases the flame stability of biogas fuel effectively due to the increased diffusive-thermal instability and hydrodynamic instability. The improved flame stability of biogas-hydrogen fuel with the increased CO2 content is resulted from the combined effects of diffusive-thermal instability and hydrodynamic instability. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laminar burning velocity Biogas-hydrogen fuel Spherical propagating flames Markstein length

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Development of a thermal-hydraulic analysis code for the Pebble Bed Water-cooled Reactor

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NUCLEAR engineering AND DESIGN 2011年第12期241卷 4978-4988页

作者： Cai, Xiaoyu Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi Su, Guanghui Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The Pebble Bed Water-cooled Reactor (PBWR) is a water-moderated water-cooled pebble bed reactor in which millions of tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) coated micro-fuel elements (MFE) pile in each assembly. Light water is used as coolant that flows from bottom to top in the assembly while the moderator water flows in the reverse direction out of the assembly. Steady-state thermal-hydraullic analysis code for the PBWR will provide a set of thermal hydraulic parameters of the primary loop so that heat transported out of the core can match with the heat generated by the core for a safe operation of the reactor. The key parameters of the core including the void fraction, pressure drop, heat transfer coefficients, the temperature distribution and the Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) is calculated for the core in normal operation. The code can calculate for liquid region, water-steam two phase region and superheated steam region. The results show that the maximum fuel temperature is much lower than the design limitation and the flow distribution can meet the cooling requirement in the reactor core. As a new type of nuclear reactor, the main design features with a sufficient safety margin were also put forward in this paper. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： assemblies WATER COOLED REACTORS Safe handling core SAFETY MARGINS coolants Reactor cores flow field major loop REACTOR OPERATION heat Pebble bed Codes CRITICAL HEAT FLUX

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