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In vivo experimental investigation on multi-pulse Nd:YAG laser-induced vesicle embolization of vascular lesions

OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY 2019年 116卷 246-255页

作者： Jia, Hao Chen, Bin Xing, Linzhuang Li, Dong Ying, Zhaoxia Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Zhejiang Sci Tech Univ Fac Mech Engn & Automat Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Dept Dermatol Affiliated Hosp 2 Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Laser therapy is the most effective clinical treatment to dermal vascular malformations, such as port wine stains (PWSs). Recently, a development-stage treatment modality based on photothermal-activatable liposomal drug delivery systems has been proposed to enhance post-irradiation vascular occlusion of PWSs. However, safety and effectiveness of this method still requires validation. Few studies have reported whether polymer-modified liposomes can be actuated to aggregate and promote vessel occlusion under multi-pulse neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser heating. In this study, multi-pulse Nd:YAG laser-induced small polyethylene glycosylated liposome vesicles aggregated to form large vesicles was observed in in vivo animal experiments performed on a rat dorsal skin chamber model. Energy threshold of large vesicle generation measured 47 J/cm(2). The probability of vesicle formation reached 53% in the presence of liposomes in the blood and at moderate laser fluence. In the experiments, the formed large vesicles experienced surface tension dominated coalescence and finally occluded the target vessels. Vesicle occlusion lasted for several hours and may result in lesion blanching caused by ischemia and chronic inflammation. In conjunction with liposome injection, multi-pulse Nd:YAG laser features potential as a safe curative strategy for PWS treatment.

关键词： Port wine stains Multi-pulse Nd:YAG laser Vesicle embolization Laser treatment

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Dual-objective chemical production planning by graphical-tabular Pinch Analysis for sustainable methanol industry in China

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JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2018年 186卷 978-987页

作者： Qin, Zhen Tang, Kai Yu, Yunsong Zhang, Zaoxiao Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Chem Engn & Technol State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The overall top-layer design for chemical production, carbon emission and production cost is significant for the sustainable development of chemical industry. Industrial structure adjustment and low-carbon technology retrofit are generally served as the alternatives for policymakers and plants to simultaneously meet the energy demand and carbon emission limit. To further extend the practical application of Carbon Emission Pinch Analysis (CEPA) for low-carbon methanol production planning on the supply side, this paper presents four scenarios for the methanol industry in 2020 in China. A graphical method of Chemical Production Pinch Analysis (CPPA) combining with the first-order and single-variable grey model (GM(1,1)) is conducted to analyze the interaction between energy demand and carbon emission. A two-step tabular method is also proposed to search the optimal planning for achieving the minimum production cost and CO2 emission. The results show that the coal-to-methanol route would continually dominate the major share of methanol supply and CO2 emission in the overall methanol industry due to the energy structure of China. Options of developing biomass-methanol technology, shifting the production share from coal to low-carbon routes and retrofitting with CO2 capture and storage (CCS) in coal methanol plants could be considered to simultaneously achieve the targets of energy supply, carbon emission constraint and minimum production cost. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical production planning Methanol CO2 emission constraint GM(1,1) Minimum cost

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Analysis of electric vehicle development based on optimization model 10

Analysis of electric vehicle development based on optimizati...

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10th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE)

作者： Cheng, Qian Lu, Xiaonan Dai, Haibo Wang, Jinshi Xian Eurasia Univ 1st Ouya Rd Yanta Dist Xian 710065 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The new energy electric vehicles can dramatically relief the environmental pollution problem caused by fuel automobiles. Based on the environmental and economic factors, this paper constructs an optimization model on the number of charging stations. Under the premise of minimizing the capacity of charging station, the optimal allocation of cities, suburbs and countryside is obtained. According to the site-selecting principles, South Korea is taken as a sample. Based on the station-building optimization model, when the conversion of electric-powered vehicle has fully realized, the number of stations should be 874524. In addition, based on the station-building cost optimization model, the number of stations in city area is 23796. In consideration of economic factors, Logistic model is built to evaluate the converting progress of South Korea, and the conclusion illustrates that it will take at least 8-17 years (from 10% to 100%). (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Sustainable Development Logistic model Multiobjective optimization

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Experimental investigation on gasification characteristics of plastic wastes in supercritical water

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RENEWABLE ENERGY 2019年 135卷 32-40页

作者： Bai, Bin Liu, Yigang Wang, Qiuxia Zou, Jian Zhang, Hua Jin, Hui Li, Xianwen Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn SKLMF Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China CNOOC China Ltd Bohai Oilfield Res Inst Tianjin Branch Tianjin 300452 Peoples R China Changqing Oilfield Co Oil & Gas Technol Res Inst Xian 710018 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Supercritical water gasification technology is widely used in the conversion of organic waste because of its clean and efficient characteristics. As a high polymer, plastic may undergo complex processes such as depolymerization and gasification in supercritical water, and its optimal operating conditions have rarely been reported. In this paper, the experiments of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) plastic supercritical water gasification were carried out at a reaction temperature of 500-800 degrees C, a reaction time of 1-60min, a feed concentration of 2-10 wt% and a reaction pressure of 22-25 MPa. The effects of different operating conditions on gas, liquid and solid products were studied. It was found that the novel phenomenon that carbon microspheres with uniform specifications on the surface of solid residue. Mechanism analysis results showed the plastic depolymerized to form the oligomer, monomer and its derivatives, which were subsequently cracked and gasified, or polycondensed into a nuclear to form carbon microspheres at a certain critical concentration of nucleation. With the gasification reaction proceeds, carbon microspheres with a smoother surface and a more uniform size are formed with a diameter of about 0.8-1.5 mu m. The experimental results showed that increasing the reaction temperature, time and reducing the feedstock concentration significantly improved the gasification performance of the plastic, but the change of reaction pressure had little effect on the gasification performance. Finally, it was found that under the optimal gasification reaction conditions, the plastic carbon conversion rate reached 94.48 wt%. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supercritical water Plastic Gasification Carbon microsphere

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Hydraulic resistance of in-tube cooling supercritical water accompanying out-tube pool boiling

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APPLIED THERMAL engineering 2018年 141卷 394-405页

作者： Lv, Haicai Bi, Qincheng Zhang, Zanjian Zhu, Ge Li, Kun Liu, Hongyang Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn 28 Xianning West Rd Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The experiment was conducted by immersing a smooth horizontal tube in a pool tank to simulate the flow condition of Passive Residual Heat Removal System (PRHRS) in a SuperCritical Water-cooled Reactor (SCWR). Hydraulic resistance and friction factor of in-tube cooling supercritical water accompanying out-tube pool boiling were investigated in this study with test pressure ranging from 23 to 28 MPa and mass flux ranging from 600 to 1000 kg-m(-2).s(-1). The influence of pressure and mass flux on pressure drop in adiabatic and cooling flows was analyzed. This paper also discussed the effect of deceleration in the cooling flow and assessed various friction-factor correlations by employing the experimental data. Results showed that the friction factor of the adiabatic flow exists a steep "pit" approaching to pseudocritical region. A noticeable "A-shaped" profile was observed in the vicinity of the pseudocritical temperature, due to deceleration-effect of frictional pressure drop in the cooling flow. The deceleration factor of supercritical cooling flow led to the axial fluid element shrinkage and radial bulk fluid velocity parabolic distribution. Taking into account the effect of deceleration-factor, a modified correlation was proposed for in-tube cooling supercritical water accompanying out-tube pool boiling, of which the average error and root mean square error are -2.51% and 15.28% respectively.

关键词： Supercritical water Hydraulic resistance Cooling Deceleration

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Robust synthesis of ultrathin Au-Ag nanowires as a high-surface-area, synergistic substrate for constructing efficient Pt-based catalysts

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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2018年第44期6卷 22161-22169页

作者： Zhang, Shumeng Zhang, Lei Liu, Zhaojun Liu, Moxuan Fan, Qikui Liu, Kai Gao, Chuanbo Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Frontier Inst Sci & Technol Xian 710054 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Ultrathin Au (or Ag) nanowires represent an excellent substrate for atomic layer deposition of Pt to afford highly active and cost-effective catalysts due to the large surface area and possible synergistic effect. An ideal synthesis of such nanowires should avoid using strong capping agents for convenient post-synthesis treatments and should be easily scaled up and reproduced in a high yield, which remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel strategy to synthesize sub-2 nm Au-Ag alloy nanowires with high quality in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), which relies on Ag modification of the nanocrystal surface and Ag-halide interactions for regulating the one-dimensional growth of the nanowires, without involving strong capping agents that are usually required in conventional syntheses. Sub-monolayer Pt atoms were successfully deposited on these ultrathin Au-Ag alloy nanowires without forming ensembles despite a high loading amount (up to 20% in terms of Pt/(Au + Ag)) due to the large surface area. The resulting Au-Ag@Pt core/shell nanowires demonstrate superior activities in the formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) due to the synergistic ligand effect and the absence of Pt ensembles. We believe that the novel synthesis and the demonstration of these ultrathin Au-Ag alloy nanowires as a general platform for constructing cost-effective noble metal catalysts open new opportunities in designing catalysts for a broad range of reactions.

关键词： Nanowires

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High-temperature BaTiO₃-based ternary dielectric multilayers for energy storage applications with high efficiency

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CHEMICAL engineering JOURNAL 2021年 414卷

作者： Li, Wen-Bo Zhou, Di Liu, Wen-Feng Su, Jin-Zhan Hussain, Fayaz Wang, Da-Wei Wang, Ge Lu, Zhi-Lun Wang, Qiu-Ping Yulin Univ Sch Chem & Chem Engn Yulin 719000 Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Key Lab Multifunct Mat & Struct Minist Educ Sch Elect Sci & Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Elect Insulat & Power Equipment Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China NED Univ Engn & Technol Dept Mat Engn Karachi 75270 Pakistan Univ Sheffield Dept Mat Sci & Engn Sheffield S1 3JD S Yorkshire England Xian Polytech Univ Sch Sci Xian 710048 Peoples R China

High-temperature BaTiO3-based ceramic capacitors have broad application prospects in energy storage devices. However, energy density and efficiency of BaTiO3-based ceramic capacitors are bottleneck challenges that limit the applications of ceramic capacitors in the vast of industrial applications. To address this issue, it needs to design novel BaTiO3-based ceramics to elevate the breakdown strength, energy density and efficiency of capacitors. Here, high performance BaTiO3-based ceramics with breakdown strength of 290 kV cm(-1), discharge energy density is more than 2.4 J cm 3, energy storage efficiency is achieve 91.5% are achieved in novel ternary system 0.88BaTiO(3)-0.12(1-x)Bi(Li0.5Nb0.5)O-3-0.12xBi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O-3 (BT-BLN-BMT) (0.2 <= x <= 0.8) lead-free ceramic. Moreover, 0.88BT-0.12(1-x)BLN-0.12xBMT (x = 0.6) multilayer ceramics capacitors effectively increased breakdown strength and energy density values are more than 500 kV cm(-1) and 4.42 J cm(-3), improved by 488% and 1373% compared with only 85 kV cm(-1) and 0.3 J cm(-3) for the pure BaTiO3. It maintains high thermal stability in the temperature range from 25 degrees C to 150 degrees C. All these results have clearly collaborated the promising future of this novel BaTiO3-based ceramics in energy storage applications in the future.

关键词： Dielectric BaTiO3 Multilayers Breakdown strength Energy storage

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Mechanistic study of drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow over anionic polymer and surfactant mixtures

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COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE 2019年第7-8期297卷 1025-1035页

作者： Chai, Yanlin Li, Xianwen Geng, Jiafeng Pan, Jiaxin Huang, Yalong Jing, Dengwei Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Int Res Ctr Renewable Energy Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Changqing Oilfield Co Oil & Gas Technol Res Inst Xian 710018 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The mixed aqueous solutions of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate with polymer polyacrylamide of various kinds, i.e., cationic, anionic, nonionic, and zwitterion, were firstly tested to study their synergistic effect on drag reduction performance. The optimal combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate with anionic polyacrylamide was confirmed due to their strong hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic repulsion caused by the same charge. The surface tension, conductivity, and viscosity of pure surfactant solution and mixed solutions at different surfactant concentrations with anionic polymer of certain concentration were tested, and their drag reduction behavior in pipe flow was also investigated experimentally. It turns out that drag reduction performance acquired from the combination of anionic surfactant and anionic polyacrylamide is better than either of the single additive, especially under high shear rate. For the mixtures, the degree of drag reduction is strongly dependent on the concentration of SDS and more pronounced in the high Reynolds number range. The best drag reduction performance is obtained for the SDS concentration around the polymer saturation point. Our work should be of value for the drag reduction in the application such as shale gas fracturing and various fluid transports.

关键词： Drag reduction Anionic surfactant Anionic polymer Surface tension Conductivity Viscosity

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Numerical Investigation of Dryout Heat Flux and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Core Debris Bed of SFR After Severe Accident

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NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND engineering 2019年第1-2期193卷 115-130页

作者： Zhang, Bin Zhang, Mengwei Peng, Cheng Shan, Jianqiang Yang, Baowen Cao, Yonggang Ren, Lixia Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Nucl Sci & Technol Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China Xi An Jiao Tong Univ State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China China Nucl Power Res Technol Inst Shenzhen 518031 Guangdong Peoples R China China Inst Atom Energy Beijing 102413 Peoples R China

Nuclear reactor severe accidents can lead to the release of a large amount of radioactive material and cause immense disaster to the environment. Based on a heat conduction model, the DEBRIS-HT program for analyzing the heat transfer characteristics of a debris bed after a severe accident of a sodium-cooled fast reactor was developed. The basic methodology of the DEBRIS-HT program is to simplify the complex energy transfer process in the debris bed to a simple heat transfer problem by solving the equivalent thermal conductivity in different situations. In this paper, the models of the DEBRIS-HT code are explained in detail. The comparison between the simulation and experimental results shows that the DEBRIS-HT program can correctly estimate the heat transfer process in the debris bed. In addition, the DEBRIS-HT code is applied to model the core catcher of the China fast reactor. The calculated dryout heat flux of the postulated accident, in which 100% of core melts and drops on the core catcher, agrees well with the prediction result of the Lipinski's zero-dimensional model. And the error between them is about 10%. The calculated dependence of dryout heat flux on particle size is also in good consistence with the prediction by Lipinski's zero-dimensional model. Then, the temperature distribution and the temperature excursion of the debris bed during a likely accident are analyzed, which provides significant reference to the severe accident analysis.

关键词： Dryout debris bed sodium-cooled fast reactor severe accident

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Ultra-fine particulate matters (PMs) formation during air and oxy-coal combustion: Kinetics study

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APPLIED ENERGY 2018年 218卷 46-53页

作者： Niu, Yanqing Yan, Bokang Liu, Siqi Liang, Yang Dong, Ning Hui, Shi'en Xi An Jiao Tong Univ Sch Energy & Power Engn Dept Thermal Engn State Key Lab Multiphase Flow Power Engn Xian 710049 Shaanxi Peoples R China

Although both air (21O(2)/N-2) and oxy-coal (27O(2)/CO2) combustion are widely adopted in pulverized coal (PC) fired power plants, the formation mechanisms of ultra-fine PMs during PC char combustion under both atmospheres with various flue gas recirculation (FGR) ratios are still unclear. Moreover, conventional experimental measurement devices cannot provide detailed information on the formation and evolution of the size-number of ultra-fine PMs. Therefore, the formation of ultra-fine PMs during PC char combustion under both atmopspheres with and without FGR are studied by a self-developed Char Burning and Particulate Matters Kinetics model (CBPMK). The PC char shows similar burning temperature and thus ash vaporization rate under both atmospheres, whereas the vaporization amount under oxy-coal combustion atmosphere is lower than that under air combustion atmosphere due to the shortened burnout time caused by CO2 gasification reaction under the former. Consequently, during nucleation and condensation stages (before successive coalescence), both the particle size and number under air combustion atmosphere are higher than those under oxy-coal combustion atmosphere. However, after coalescence, the final particle shows fewer but larger size under oxy-coal combustion atmosphere due to the higher cohesion factor between the smaller sized nucleation particles, which improves particle collision and coalescence. Meanwhile, both mean size and number density of the nucleation particles decrease with increased FGR ratio under both air and oxy-coal combustion atmospheres, however, after coalescence the final PMs show increasing number density and decreasing size. As results, oxy-coal combustion advantages PMs removal through an ash collector, but elevated FGR ratio disadvantages PMs removal. Oxy-coal combustion with low FGR ratio should be recommended in PC thermal and power plants.

关键词： Particulate matters (PMs) Flue gas recirculation (FGR) Coal char Combustion Kinetics

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