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arXiv 2025年

作者： He, Yutong Ruan, Guangchun Zhong, Haiwang State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Lab for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States

Modular batteries can be aggregated to deliver frequency regulation services for power grids. Although utilizing the idle capacity of battery modules is financially attractive, it remains challenging to consider the heterogeneous module-level characteristics such as dynamic operational efficiencies and battery degradation. In addition, real-time decision making within seconds is required to enable fast frequency response. In order to address these issues, this paper proposes a performance-aware scheduling approach for battery modules to deliver fast frequency response (FFR) support. In particular, the conduction loss and switching loss of battery packs as well as converters are captured within a mix-integer quadratic constrained program (MIQCP). The cycle-based aging model identifies the aging cost of battery modules during frequent cycling by introducing the aging subgradient calculation and linearization. Case studies based on real-world battery data show that the proposed scheduling approach can effectively reduce power loss cost by nearly 28%-57% and battery aging cost by 4%-15% compared to conventional methods, which can also enhance the SoC balance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Battery management systems

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Bismuth oxide based composite cathode for the intermediate temperature barrier layer free solid oxide fuel cell

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年 141卷 13-23页

作者： Xiaoyu Wang Yongliang Zhang Tatsuya Kawada Minfang Han Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Innovation Research Center Department of Energy and Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University Sendai 980-8579 Japan

The high cost and low reliability caused by the high operation temperature hinder the further commercialization of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at this stage. Thus, lowering the operation temperature and simplifying the structure of the SOFC are both considered to be effective solutions to solve the current issues. Here, the design, fabrication and actual effect of the La 0 · 8 Sr 0 · 2 MnO 3 -(Bi 0 · 75 Y 0.25 ) 0.93 Ce 0 · 07 O 1.5±δ (LSM-BYC) cathode and La 0 · 8 Sr 0 · 2 MnO 3 @(Bi 0 · 75 Y 0.25 ) 0.93 Ce 0 · 07 O 1.5±δ (LSM@BYC) cathode used for the intermediate temperature barrier layer free SOFC are reported. The results showed that tight interfaces between the abovementioned two composite cathodes and the Y 0 · 16 Zr 0 · 84 O 2-δ (YSZ) electrolyte can be formed by sintering at 800 °C. The higher oxygen ion conductivity and oxygen reaction activity of the LSM-BYC cathode and the LSM@BYC cathode, and much simplified structure of the barrier layer free SOFC all contributed to lowering the ohmic resistance and the polarization resistance, making barrier layer free SOFCs used LSM-BYC cathode and LSM@BYC cathode showed better electrochemical performances at intermediate operation temperature 650 °C from low oxygen partial pressure atmosphere to pure oxygen atmosphere, particularly the latter. What is more, the intermediate temperature barrier layer free SOFC used the LSM-BYC cathode showed better operation stability without obvious activation and degradation during the constant electric current generation over one hundred hours. But the deterioration of the interface between the LSM@BYC cathode and the YSZ electrolyte during the operation was likely to cause the sharp decrease of the electrochemical performance, the solutions of which still need further exploration.

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Closed-loop Simulation Method of Stability control system Based on Virtual Component Technology 6

Closed-loop Simulation Method of Stability Control System Ba...

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6th IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy system Integration, EI2 2022

作者： Ma, Qinfeng Zhu, Yihua Liu, Mingshun Chang, Dongxu Pu, Qingxin Li, Chengxiang Power Dispatching Control Center of Guizhou Power Grid Co. Ltd Guizhou China Southern Power Grid State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Guangzhou China National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Guangzhou China China Southern Power Grid CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute Guangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Guangzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347159

The stability control system is an important means to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. In view of the shortcomings of the existing offline/real-time simulation test methods, a closed-loop simulation scheme based on virtual component technology is proposed. The virtual component technology of the stability control device is researched, and the virtualization method of the external hardware interface of the device is designed. On this basis, a closed-loop simulation framework of the stability control system under the offline/real-time simulation test environment is proposed. The functional logic of each component under the framework are analyzed. The calculation and feedback process of the entire closed-loop simulation system are analyzed in depth, which effectively solves the difficulty of simulation analysis and test verification of large-scale stability control system, providing a new method for the research and verification of stability control system strategy. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： control system stability

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A Preliminary Study on the Application of Large Language Models in power system Simulations

A Preliminary Study on the Application of Large Language Mod...

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International Conference on power and Energy Technology (ICPET)

作者： Xinwei Sun Yunyang Xu Tannan Xiao Han Diao Shaowei Huang Bo Zhou Wei Wei State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute Chengdu China State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350375855

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375862

The digital update of power systems requires the support of intelligent application systems. Therefore, this paper investigates the utilization of a cutting-edge artificial intelligence technology called the Large Language Model (LLM) in power system simulations. The study provides a comprehensive overview of the key techniques employed in developing advanced simulation applications using LLMs, including retrieval-augmented generation and chain-of-thought prompting. Moreover, the paper showcases the development of two intelligent simulation applications on the CloudPSS, which is a high-performance cloud simulation platform for energy internet. The process of application development is described in detail, and the operational outcomes are presented to demonstrate the initial validation of the LLM's ability to initiate simulation tools and generate simulation codes.

关键词： Cloud computing Codes Large language models power system simulation power system dynamics Retrieval augmented generation Robustness power industry Security Protection

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LiFePO4 Battery SOC Estimation under OCV-SOC Curve Error Based on Adaptive Multi-Model Kalman Filter

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IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年

作者： Paizulamu, Daniyaer Cheng, Lin Xu, Helin Zhuang, Yingrui Qi, Ning Ci, Song Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Columbia University Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering New YorkNY10027 United States

LiFePO4 batteries are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems due to long cycle life and high safety performance. However, the open circuit voltage-state of charge curve (OSC) of these batteries features a long plateau region, making state of charge (SOC) estimation highly sensitive to OSC error, which arises due to aging and temperature. To address this, we propose an SOC estimation method that accounts for error in OSC. First, we establish battery equivalent circuit model and introduce a parameters identification algorithm based on adaptive recursive least squares. Next, we derive the relationship between the innovation's cross-correlation matrix/auto-correlation matrix of the Kalman filter and the OSC error. We then develop an adaptive multi-model Kalman filter, which dynamically adjusts the measurement model parameters of each filter based on the sign of the OSC error. By assigning a probability to each filter according to its predicted voltage distribution function, the optimal filter is selected. The proposed method is tested under various OSC error types and operating conditions. Results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and robustness, with root mean square error of less than 0.03, also offers significant advantages in computational efficiency, interpretability, and generalizability. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Distribution functions

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Inertia Support Strategy for DC Collecting system of Wind Turbine Generator

Inertia Support Strategy for DC Collecting System of Wind Tu...

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Energy Storage and Conversion (ISESC), CPSS & IEEE International Symposium on

作者： Zenyang Liu Kai Sun Huan Wang Junlong Lu Department of Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Tsinghua University Beijing China Renewable Energy Power Generation System Research Department Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

ISBN: (数字)9798350380514

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380521

In wind turbine generators system, lacking of inertia is a common problem. In AC collecting system, some researches have been done to solve this problem. However, in DC collecting system, few researches were done. This paper analyzes the analogies between AC and DC collecting system and the virtual capacitor control corresponding to the virtual synchronous generator control. Small signal models of different precision are proposed considering the LLC resonant converter used for stepping-up. The virtual capacitance provided by the control is calculated using the small signal model and this verifies the effectiveness of the control quantitively and demonstrates that the small signal models are useful.

关键词： Resistance Capacitors Rectifiers Resonant converters Pulse width modulation control systems Generators Synchronous generators Wind turbines Oscillators

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Study on the excitation inrush suppression strategy of phase-selective switching converter with closing resis-tor switch considering dispersion 10

Study on the excitation inrush suppression strategy of phase...

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10th China International Conference on Electricity Distribution, CICED 2022

作者： Liu, Zhijiang Lin, Xuehua Huang, Libin Li, ShuYong State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid. Guangzhou China National Energy Power Grid Technology R&D Centre Guangzhou China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System Guangzhou China

ISBN: (数字)9781665452687

ISBN: (纸本)9781665452687

A detailed analysis of the excitation inrush current bias phenomenon in the event is carried out in the context of a certain time when charging of a converter is carried out in an ultra-high voltage DC project of the Southern China power Grid to obtain the cause of the event, which is confirmed by RTDS tests. By analysing the relationship between the moment of closing of different auxiliary contacts and the intermittent angle of the excitation inrush current, the shortest input time at which the closing resistance can play a role in weakening the excitation inrush current is proposed at different moments of closing. Finally, considering the discrete nature of circuit breaker closing, the proposed closing resistor best access time and the best closing angle, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation tests. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Electric circuit breakers

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Energy-carbon comprehensive efficiency evaluation of hydrogen metallurgy system considering low-temperature waste heat recovery

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Ji, Qiang Cheng, Lin Liang, Zeng Zhuang, Yingrui Shi, Fashun Zhang, Jianliang Li, Kejiang State Key Laboratory of Power Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China

To address the lack of energy-carbon efficiency evaluation and the underutilization of low-temperature waste heat in traditional direct reduction iron (DRI) production, this paper proposes a novel zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system that integrates the recovery and utilization of low-temperature and high-temperature waste heat, internal energy, and cold energy during hydrogen production, storage, reaction and circulation. Firstly, the detailed mathematical models are developed to describe energy and exergy characteristics of the operational components in the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system. Additionally, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and energy-carbon efficiency indices are introduced from a full life-cycle perspective of energy flow, avoiding the overlaps in energy inputs and outputs. Subsequently, the efficiency metrics of the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system are then compared with those of traditional DRI production systems with H2/CO ratios of 6:4 and 8:2. The comparative results demonstrate the superiority and advancement of the proposed zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system. Finally, sensitivity analysis reveals that the overall electricity energy generated by incorporating the ORC and expander equipments exceeds the heat energy recovered from the furnace top gas, highlighting the energy potential of waste energy utilization. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Low temperature production

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A Quasi-Parallel Resonant Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter with Wide Input Voltage Range Regulation and Enhanced Dynamic Performances

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IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in power Electronics 2025年

作者： Qi, Jingjing Wu, Xuezhi Sun, Kai Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing100084 China Beijing Jiaotong University National Active Distribution Network Technology Research Center Beijing100044 China

Wide-range and high-efficiency DC-DC converters are in high demand for various applications, such as distributed systems, electric vehicles, and DC buildings. Resonant switched capacitor converters (ReSCC) can achieve soft switching, have small passive device capacity, and exhibit low voltage stress, but the voltage ratio is difficult to be regulated continuously. In this paper, a quasi-parallel resonant switched capacitor DC-DC converter is proposed to satisfy the design requirements, which incorporates a ReSCC with soft-switching and variable voltage ratio, as well as a Buck converter. In addition, a simplified optimal trajectory controller for ReSCC is investigated, which can be combined with PI controller of Buck converter to enhance the load transient of the proposed converter. Moreover, the input voltage feedforward control is implemented with the optimized feedforward coefficient to suppress the input voltage disturbance. The proposed converter can achieve high efficiency and rapid dynamic response over a wide conversion range. The correctness of the theoretical analyses is verified by a 36V∼60V-5V/20A prototype. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Capacitor bank

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Electromagnetic Transient Modeling and Real-time Simulation Based on state-space Equations

Electromagnetic Transient Modeling and Real-time Simulation ...

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New Energy and power Engineering (ICNEPE), International Conference on

作者： Tianyu Guo Binjiang Hu Hui Luo Liang Tu Yanjun Zhao YuFeng Hu State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation and Control for New Energy Power System CSG Key Laboratory for Power System Simulation Electric Power Research Institute China Southern Power Grid China China Southern Power Grid Co. Ltd China

ISBN: (数字)9798331516086

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516093

Due to the different output characteristics of different components of the power system, the simulation results of its output deviate from the actual situation. Therefore, the electromagnetic transient modeling and real-time simulation based on the state space equation are proposed. From the perspective of rectifier, DC transmission line, inverter and control system, the composition of the state space model of the complete power system and the output characteristics of each part in the operation process are analyzed. In the test results, the design method can achieve a stable fit between the real-time simulation results of voltage waveform containing two VSC modules and the actual situation.

关键词： Simulation systems operation power system dynamics power system stability Aerospace electronics Mathematical models Real-time systems Smart grids Nonlinear dynamical systems Transient analysis

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