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Experimental Study on Thermal Runaway Propagation Characteristics of Ncm811 Lithium-Ion Batteries with Different Socs Induced by Dual Heat Sources

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhou, Gang Yang, Siqi Liu, Yang Wang, Junling Bian, Yinghui Yu, Hao Zhang, Qi Li, Yuying Niu, Chenxi College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province The Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control College of Safety Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing211816 China College of Energy Storage Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China

Thermal runaway propagation (TRP) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is one of the important causes of safety accidents in new energy vehicles. In order to investigate the theoretical system of TRP of NCM811 Li(Ni0.8 Co0.1Mn0.1)O2 cell (group) under dual heat sources, an experimental platform of coupled thermal abuse stimulation was built to study the TRP and combustion behavior of NCM cells in different states-of-charge (SOC). The results show that the time to reach thermal runaway (TR) of LIB under dual thermal source is shortened by 952.3s on average, and the possibility of TRP of the cell module is greatly enhanced. With the increase of SOC from 25% to 100%, the TR trigger time of NCM cell is shortened from 2773s to 2311s, the TR trigger temperature is reduced from 263.7°C to 175.7°C. The TRP of the NCM cell module under dual heat sources induction can occur at different SOCs, and the TRP duration increases from 57s at 25%SOC to 174s at 100% SOC. In addition, the cell eruption and combustion behaviors induced by dual heat sources become more intense with the increase of SOC, the cell mass loss rate also increases rapidly with the increase of eruption and combustion behaviors. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Study on Cooling Efficiency and Mechanism of Li-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway Inhibition by Additive Enhanced Water Mist Based on Boiling Heat Transfer Theory

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Hu, Xiangming Yang, Zhiyuan Deng, Yurui Li, Ming Wang, Qingsong Wei, Hongbin Wei, Xiaoxuan Han, Guoyu College of Safety and environmental engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China State Key Laboratory of Mining Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province the Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China Yantai Chuangwei New Energy Technology Co Yantai264006 China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

In recent years, fire and explosion accidents caused by thermal runaway (TR) of lithium-ion battery (LIB) have occurred frequently, which has become one of the main obstacles restricting its development. Therefore, it is urgent to develop fire extinguishing agents with high cooling efficiency to inhibit the growth of TR. The water mist is an effective choice, but it shows poor performance with the rise of cell temperature under TR. In this study, two additives, KCl and nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant FC-4430, were added into the water mist to improve the cooling efficiency. In addition, the inhibition effect exerted by the modified water mist during the whole process of lithium-ion battery TR was experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the influence of water mist with additives on the Leidenfrost effect in the high temperature range was deduced, and the reinforcement cooling mechanism was analyzed by heat transfer theory. The results show that KCl and FC-4430 can increase the initial cooling rate in the high temperature range by 48.6%-120%. The reinforcement mechanism is attributed to change the medium physical parameters by additives. On the one hand, the Leidenfrost point of the droplets on the cell surface is increased, which in turn extends the temperature range of the nucleate boiling stage, and on the other hand, the heat flux density and heat transfer of the water mist in the film boiling state are increased. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Efficiency

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Research on Thermal Runaway Characteristics and Mechanism of Ncm811 Lithium-Ion Batteries Under Cross-Seasonal and Wide-Temperature Condition at -10℃~33℃: A Case Study in Qingdao, China

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Gang Yang, Siqi Liu, Yang Zhang, Qi Niu, Chenxi Zhang, Shengzhu Lu, Huaheng Wei, Zhikai Huang, Qi College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Engineering Laboratory of Battery Safety and Accident Control of Petroleum and Chemical Industry Changzhou University Changzhou213164 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province the Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing100012 China Department of Safety Engineering College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology 579 Qianwangang Road Shandong Province Huangdao District Qingdao China

Multiple heat sources and extreme ambient temperatures pose more severe challenges to the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries ( LIBs), and the kinetic characterization of thermal runaway (TR) of LIBs at extreme temperatures has yet to be improved. In this paper, a coupled thermal abuse stimulation experimental platform was built to investigate the TR mechanism and flame eruption kinetics of LIBs induced by dual heat sources under a wide temperature range of -10~ 30 ℃ in the four seasons. The results showed that the TR onset time (Tonset) was gradually shortened with the increase of ambient temperature, in the order of Tonset-Winter＞Tonset-Spring＞Tonset-Autumn＞Tonset-Summer;for example, with 100% SOC (state of Charge), Tonset-Winter=2528 s, Tonset-Summer=2211 s, which was accelerated by 14.3%. However, TR maximum temperature (Tmax) showed the opposite trend, Tmax-summer=687.2 ℃, Tmax-winter=796.5 ℃, which decreased by 15.9%. When SOC ≥ 75%, the average warning time for TR disaster of LIB (from venting to the beginning of TR) is 254 s less than that of winter in the summer with higher temperature, which makes the adoption of emergency measures and escape more urgent. When SOC ≥ 50%, the TR process was accompanied by flame generation, and the flame eruption process was the most intense at 100% SOC, with a maximum flame area of about 4400 cm2, and its flame temperature was likewise the highest at 986.4 ℃. Carbon and metal oxides were detected in the TR ejecta, and the lower the ambient temperature, the finer the ejecta particles were. The results of the study provide an important scientific reference for improving the theory of TR of LIBs, guiding the investigation of TR and fire in new energy vehicles, and formulating relevant standards. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Multifunctional Ultralight Magnetic Cnfs/Mxene/Fe3o4 Nanodiscs Aerogel with Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Performance

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wang, Xiao Pan, Fei Cai, Lei Cheng, Jie Jiang, Haojie Yang, Yang Guo, Hongtao Shi, Zhong Xiong, Ziming Xie, Aming Xu, Huiyu Lu, Wei Shanghai Key Lab. of D&A for Metal-Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion and Impact and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing210007 China School of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Shanghai Baosteel Magnetics Co. Ltd No. 2029 Baoyang Road Baoshan District Shanghai201999 China

The design of innovative microstructures and the implementation of an appropriate multicomponent strategy remain challenging in the development of advanced electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. Achieving strong absorption and a wide effective absorption bandwidth while maintaining a thin sample thickness and low filling level is particularly demanding. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) dielectric cellulose nanofiber (CNF)/Ti3C2Tx MXene carbon aerogel, incorporating magnetic Fe3O4 nanodiscs ( NDs), was fabricated using a directional-freezing technique followed by reduction. Surprisingly, the reduction process activates the multifunctional application of aerogel with better elasticity and greatly improved electromagnetic properties, killing two birds with one stone. The structured cellular arrangement and the presence of diverse dielectric/magnetic interfaces contribute to the exceptional absorption capabilities by facilitating optimal impedance matching, enabling multiple polarization modes, and fostering electric/magnetic coupling phenomena. The aerogel exhibits excellent microwave absorption properties, characterized by its ultra-lightweight (3% of filling ratio and 4.65 mg cm−3 of density), ultra-thin (2.18 mm), ultra-wide frequency band (6.68 GHz) and strong absorption (-56.8 dB). Additionally, the aerogel provides attractive functions such as thermal insulation and great mechanical properties (100% recovery after 1000 cycles under 50% strain). This study provides a foundation for the development of microwave absorbing materials with tremendous potential for multifunctional applications. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetite

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Blast Responses of Bfrp-Bar Reinforced Aac Panels

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Sensen He, Huguang Yang, Dapeng Zhang, Bei Fan, Hualin Henan International Joint Laboratory of Dynamics of Impact and Disaster of Engineering Structures Department of Civil Engineering Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang473004 China State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact Army Engineering University of PLA Nanjing210007 China Institute of Defense Engineering AMS PLA Beijing100850 China Institute of Defense Engineering AMS PLA Luoyang471023 China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing210016 China

Basalt ﬁber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars can replace steel bars in concrete protective structures and have advantages in corrosion resistance and high load-bearing capacity. In this paper, the BFRP-bar reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels (BFRP-AACPs) were designed and prepared. Based on close-in explosion experiments, the dynamic responses and failure modes of the BFRP-AACPs were revealed. Through quasi-static four-point-bending experiments, the residual load capacity of each BFRP-AACP was evaluated, which quantitatively reveals the damage degree of the exploded BFRP-AACP. Combined with the equivalent static load method, the critical scaled distance of the designed panel is 2.08 m/kg 1/3 , which provides a basis for the application of the BFRP-AACP. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Corrosion resistance

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Research on Ventilation and Cooling Technology of Shield Tunnel Based on Cfd

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Liu, Changqi Bao, Qiu Nie, Wen Wang, Dan Liu, Qingming State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province The Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Metro Fire and Passenger Transportation Safety China Academy of Safety Science and Technology Beijing100012 China

There are many heat sources in the shield tunnel, and the power of the shield machine is high. During the high temperature weather in summer, the average temperature in shield tunnel (Ta) will exceed 28°C, which will bring serious harm to the health of construction workers and the safety of equipment. In this study, the ventilation and cooling system of the shield tunnel was studied by the method of combining field measurement and numerical simulation. Firstly, the heat source in the shield tunnel is studied, and the total thermal power in the shield tunnel is calculated. The effects of primary ventilation velocity (V1) and inlet air temperature (T1) on the temperature of shield tunnel were studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the V1 and the T1 have a great influence on the temperature field in the tunnel, and the Ta in the shield tunnel has a linear relationship with the T1. When the V1 is 55 m/s, it can not only ensure the ventilation requirements in the tunnel, but also achieve the highest cooling efficiency. When the T1 exceeds 25°C, ventilation alone cannot achieve the purpose of cooling, and the inlet air needs to be cooled to ensure that the ambient temperature of the tunnel is lower than 28°C. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cooling

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Study on Adsorption and Dust Suppression Mechanism of Urease-Producing Bacteria on Coal-Soil Mixed Dust

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhao, Yan-Yun Zhang, Ming Hu, Xiang-Ming Feng, Yue Xue, Di Wang, Qing-Shan Geng, Zhi Liu, Yu Zhang, Jing Jia, Xiang-Hua College of Safety and Environmental Engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China State Key Laboratory of Mine Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province The Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China Institute of Yellow River Delta Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Integrity Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China

Air pollution prevention and control is the primary problem faced by coal mines, in which coal dust and soil dust in the air are the most serious pollution. Microbial dust suppressants as a green and efficient means of dust suppression and fixation have received widespread attention from the academic community. However, different coal-soil ratios inevitably affect the dust suppression efficiency of microbial dust suppressants. In this paper, the adsorption mechanism of Bacillus X4 (B.X4), a urease-producing bacteria, on different coal-soil ratios dust surface was investigated to clarify the impact mechanism on the dust suppression of microbial dust suppressants. Both SEM and adsorption isotherms showed that B.X4 could adsorb on dust surface and the adsorption was single-layer adsorption. The adsorption kinetic model was most consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption was chemical adsorption. Moreover, the adsorption effect between urease-producing bacteria and dust with different coal-soil ratios was different due to the different surface properties and hydrophilicity of coal dust and soil dust. With the increase of soil dust content, the better the adsorption effect, the better the consolidation effect, the better the dust suppression effect. This indicated that the dust suppression effect of microbial dust suppressants could be improved by promoting adsorption performance, which was beneficial to the promotion and application of microbial dust suppressants. Zeta potential, SEM-EDS, and XRD results all demonstrated that CaCO3 was formed in the dust treated with microbial dust suppressants, which could effectively cement the dust and suppress its generation and flying. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Soils

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Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Ultralight Folded Lattice-CoreSandwich Cylinders

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Engineering 2020年第2期6卷 196-204页

作者： Wanxin Li Qing Zheng Hualin Fan Bin Ji State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact Army Engineering University of PLANanjing 210007China Research Center of Lightweight Structures and Intelligent Manufacturing State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Aerospace System Engineering Shanghai Shanghai 2011089China

In this research,two novel folded lattice-core sandwich cylinders were designed,manufactured,and *** lattice core has periodic zigzag corrugations,whose ridges and valleys are directed axially or *** vibration and axial compression experiments were performed to reveal the fundamental frequency,free vibration modes,bearing capacity,and failure mode of the cylinder.A folded lattice core effectively restricts local buckling by reducing the dimension of the local skin periodic cell,and improves the global buckling resistance by enhancing the shear stiffness of the sandwich *** cylinders fail at the mode of material failure and possess excellent load-carrying *** axially directed folded sandwich cylinder has greater load-carrying capacity,while a circumferentially directed folded sandwich cylinder has higher fundamental *** two types of folded lattices provide a selection for engineers when designing a sandwich cylinder requiring strength or *** research also presents a feasible way to fabricate a large-dimensional folded structure and promote its engineering application.

关键词： Folded lattice-core sandwich cylinder Fabrication Mechanical testing

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Modified spherical cavity-expansion model for projectile penetration into concrete targets

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第3期35卷 518-534页

作者： Y.Peng H.Wu Q.Fang X.Z.Kong College of Liberal Arts and Sciences National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Key Laboratory of Performance Evolution and Control for Engineering Structures Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact PLA Amy Engineering UniversityNanjing 210007China

A modified spherical cavity-expansion model is developed in this paper.(1) We introduce a piecewise hyperbolic yield criterion suitable for pressure less than fc/3 to describe the mechanical behavior in the elastic region for the elastic-plastic response and modify the crack occurrence condition for the elastic-cracked-plastic response.(2) The hyperbolic yield criterion and a piecewise equation of state (EOS) are adopted for a better description of the plastic behavior of concrete material. Then, the modified model is validated by several projectile penetration tests in both the normal strength concrete (NSC) and ultra-high performance cement-based composite (UHPCC) targets. Finally, the hydrostatic pressure of the targets under rigid ogive-nosed projectile penetrations is found to be nearly within (0, 1.6 GPa), which usually exceeds the range that the shear strength-pressure test data covered. The influence of yield criterion on depth of penetration is discussed and it is recommended that the pressure should arrive at least 400 MPa in the related triaxial compression tests.

关键词： Dynamic cavity-expansion model Projectile Penetration Concrete Depth of penetration

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Preparation of a Viscous Hydrogel and Research on its Flame-Retardant Properties

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Shi, Mengli He, Zhenglong Zhang, Qian Liang, Yuntao Tang, Hui Hu, Xiangming Xue, Di Wang, Wei Qi, Guansheng College of Safety and environmental engineering Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China State Key Laboratory of Mining Lab Disaster Prevention and Control Co-found by Shandong Province The Ministry of Science and Technology Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong Qingdao266590 China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Safety Technology China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp Shenyang Research Institute Fushun113122 China

The spontaneous combustion of coal restricts the development of green coal mining. Hydrogels are often used to block air leaks and prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal, but traditional hydrogels suffer from poor adhesion and mobility;therefore, to prevent the spontaneous combustion of coal and improve the utilization rate of hydrogels, this study proposes a new type of fire-extinguishing viscous hydrogel, polyacrylic acid-sodium alginate-tannic acid (PAA-SA-TA). The viscosity, air plugging and blocking characteristics, adhesion mechanism, air plugging efficiency, and thermal stability of the PAA-SA-TA hydrogel were analyzed. The results showed that the viscosity of the PAA-SA-TA hydrogel was about 70% higher, and the blocking efficiency and blocking rate were 42.90% and 39.53% higher than those of a poly acrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel, respectively. In addition, the fire extinguishing tests showed that compared with PAA and polyacrylic acid-tannic acid (PAA-TA) hydrogels, PAA-SA-TA evenly covered the surface of the burning coal body, densely wrapped the coal body, filled the cracks, and extinguished the fire without re-ignition. This study provides a new viscous hydrogel for the prevention and control of the spontaneous combustion of coal in mines. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogels

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