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Calculation of Calcium Ion Activity in the CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO Slag System and Its Impact on Calcium Content in Steel

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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 2025年第3期56卷 3187-3202页

作者： Li, Yi-Ming Tian, Jia-Long Jiang, Zhou-Hua Northeastern Univ Sch Met Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Rolling & Automation Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China

This study aims to control the increase of calcium content in ingots during the electroslag remelting (ESR) process by designing suitable slag compositions. Analysis of industrial data using machine learning identified calcium ion activity in slag and electrode melting rate as the key factors influencing ingot calcium content. Based on industrial practice, a CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO slag system generated 138,347 slag combinations. Using thermodynamic data and MICT, slag compositions with lower calcium ion activity were identified while maintaining stable melting points, viscosity, and conductivity. ESR experiments with 1.2343 mold steel confirmed that lower calcium ion activity in slag reduces calcium content in ingots, leading to the development of a slag composition (Model-3) with minimal calcium-increasing potential. These results confirmed the correlation between slag calcium ion activity and ingot calcium content, validating MICT's reliability in predicting slag calcium ion activity. To further investigate the effects of slag components, 138,347 slag compositions were ranked on a scale of 0 to 10 based on calcium ion activity, deriving interaction coefficients among the components. A predictive equation for ingot calcium content was also developed, accurately forecasting calcium levels in ESR ingots for various slag compositions and melting rates in 5 to 15 tons furnaces.

关键词： Electroslag remelting

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Influence of multilayer sea sand and Shewanella algae on the corrosion behavior of 316 SS

NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION

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NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION 2025年第1期9卷 1-11页

作者： Shen, Yufeng Ma, Rongyao Wang, Changgang Dong, Junhua Xu, Dake Univ Sci & Technol China Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shenyang Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Met Res Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci Shenyang Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci Shenyang Peoples R China Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Rolling & Automation Shenyang Peoples R China

The effects of multilayer sea sand particles of varying sizes and Shewanella algae (S. algae) on the corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel (SS) were investigated. The findings reveal that in a sterile environment, sand hinders the diffusion of dissolved oxygen, thereby impeding the growth of the passive film and enhancing the corrosion of 316 SS. The promotion effect intensifies as the particle size of the sand decreases. In a non-sterile environment, in the absence of sand, S. algae accelerates the corrosion by consuming dissolved oxygen, and expediting the breakdown of passive film. The corrosion acceleration caused by S. algae is markedly greater than that induced by sand. When sand is present, it markedly reduces the effective attachment of S. algae, thereby mitigating the corrosion-accelerating effect of S. algae. Additionally, a reduction in sand particle size leads to a decrease in S. algae attachment and an enhancement in corrosion inhibition.

关键词： Multilayers

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From creep-life prediction to ultra-creep-resistant steel design: An uncertainty-informed machine learning approach

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ACTA MATERIALIA 2025年 292卷

作者： Wang, Chenchong Wei, Xiaolu van der Zwaag, Sybrand Wang, Qiang Xu, Wei Northeastern Univ State key Lab rolling & automation Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China Delft Univ Technol Fac Aerosp Engn Novel Aerosp Mat Grp NL-2629 HS Delft Netherlands Northeastern Univ Key Lab Electromagnet Proc Mat Minist Educ Shenyang 110819 Liaoning Peoples R China

In this research a machine learning model incorporating uncertainty to enhance the creep-life prediction and high-throughput design of creep-resistant steel is proposed. The framework integrates key physical metallurgical parameter linked to precipitate coarsening and applies transfer learning to correlate short-time tensile properties with the creep performance, all within a Bayesian convolutional neural network. Unlike conventional machine learning models, which often lack an assessment of prediction credibility, this uncertainty-based approach offers more accurate and stable predictions while also providing a measure of prediction credibility. By combining the model with a genetic algorithm, the framework achieves a balance between creep life optimization and uncertainty, thereby supporting robust alloy design. The validation on newly developed martensitic heat-resistant steels with tolerable prediction uncertainty showed excellent alignment between predicted and experimentally determined creep life, underscoring the effectiveness of the framework. These findings highlight the critical role of uncertainty modeling in advancing machine learning applications for alloy design.

关键词： Creep life Machine learning Transfer learning Alloy design Uncertainty

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Machine learning-assisted structure design and materials screening of a bilayer thin-film selective thermal emitter for infrared stealth technology

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2025年 509卷

作者： Niu, Sijia Ren, Zhiyu Wang, Chenchong Liu, Xiaoming Mu, Wangzhong Wang, Qiang Northeastern Univ Key Lab Electromagnet Proc Mat Minist Educ Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Northeastern Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China Northeastern Univ State Key Lab Rolling & Automation Shenyang 110819 Peoples R China KTH Royal Inst Technol Dept Mat Sci & Engn SE-10044 Stockholm Sweden

Selective mid-infrared radiative materials hold a significant potential for the applications in infrared stealth, radiative cooling, and energy utilization. The immense diversity of material combinations and structural designs profoundly complicates achieving infrared stealth compatible with thermal management in simple thin-film structures. In the current study, we successfully designed a Ge-Ti bilayer thin-film selective thermal emitter through high-throughput screening of materials and structural design, facilitated by artificial intelligence and finite element simulation. This designed structure demonstrates a low emissivity within the infrared atmospheric window and a high emissivity outside it (e5-8 mu m = 0.814), providing an excellent radiative heat control. It significantly lowers the apparent temperature as observed by thermal imaging cameras, compared to traditional low-emissivity materials. The simplicity and scalability of its production, alongside its superior stealth properties, make it exceptionally promising for the practical applications. Furthermore, this data-driven approach has deepened the understanding of emission mechanisms in bilayer thin-film selective thermal emitter, offering a versatile framework for designing bilayer thin films with customized emissivity spectra. This work paves the way for utilization of a combination AI-based approach to design advanced mid-infrared radiative materials.

关键词： Bilayer thin-film selective emitter Thermal radiation Multi-band camouflage Strcture design Material selection Machine learning

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Characteristics of Retained Austenite in TRIP Steels with Bainitic Ferrite Matrix

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2011年第6期26卷 1148-1151页

作者：张明亚 State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University

Heat treatment process for producing cold rolled transformation induced plasticity-aided （TRIP-aided） steels with bainitic ferrite matrix was adopted. Characteristics of retained austenite （RA） in such TRIP steels were investigated. SEM and OM determination results showed that the stable austenite retained at room temperature were mainly located between laths and some of them inside the coarse ferrite. The grains were uniformly distributed in heat treated steel matrix and the regularly dispersed RA represented to be triangular morphology. XRD analysis indicated that RA content in matrix was not less than 10%, and TEM testified that RA inside the matrix were formed at the prior austenite boundaries and represented to be single or twin crystals. The ductile fracture originated from the boundaries of martensite islands from RA and ferrite. The cracks propagated along grain boundaries and some passed through the large ferrite grains and induced transgranular fracture.

关键词： TRIP steel retained austenite morphology microstructure

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Microstructure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of X80 Pipeline Steels

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2012年第2期27卷 252-255页

作者：周民 State Key Lab of Rolling Technology and Automation Northeastern University

The relation between microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steels was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, etc. It is shown that the structure consists of polygonal ferrite （PF）, quasi-polygonal ferrite （QPF）, acicular ferrite （AF）, and granular bainitic ferrite （GF）. With increasing volume fraction of M-A islands （below 3%）, the yield strength increases. With increasing content of higher angle grain boundaries（HAGBs）, the yield strength, elongation, and DWTT properties at -15 ℃ increase, and the volume fraction of M-A islands reaches its highest point in the steel containing the most volume fraction of GF.

关键词： X80 pipeline steel mechanical properties higher angle grain boundaries effective grain size

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Establishment and Application of UFC-ACC Heat Transfer Coefficient Model

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第2期21卷 57-62页

作者： Tian-Liang Fu Zhao-Dong Wang Yong Li Jia-Dong Li Guo-Dong Wang The State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University

Based on medium plate runout table ultra-fast cooling( UFC)-accelerated cooling equipment( ACC) system,a heat transfer coefficient model was constructed. Firstly,according to the measured data,heat transfer coefficients under different roll speed and water volume were calculated by using an inverse heat conduction method. Secondly,a monofactorial heat transfer coefficient calculation formula was obtained. Finally,the heat transfer coefficient model based on medium plate runout table UFC-ACC system was constructed by intercept function,slope function,interaction influence function and linear or nonlinear influencing factors. The precision of these models was validated by comparing model prediction value with measured data,and the results were in good agreement with practical needs,and the average deviation was less than 5%.

关键词： medium plate ultra-fast cooling heat transfer coefficient mathematical model

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Isothermal Growth Kinetics of Ultra-fine Austenite Grains in a Nb-V-Ti Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2009年第5期25卷 615-618页

作者： Shengjie Yao Linxiu Du Xianghua Liu Guodong Wang State Key Lab. of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 China

Ultra-fine austenite grains with size of i-3 μm were prepared in a Nb-V-Ti steel through repetitive treatment of rapid heating and quenching. A model for the growth kinetics of these ultra-fine austenite grains was successfully created through successive 2 processes, and the activation energy Q for growth was estimated to be about 693.2 kJ/mol, which directly shows the inhibition effect of microalloy elements on the growth of ultra-fine austenite grains.

关键词： Ultra-fine austenite grain Grain growth kinetics Microalloyed steel

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On microstructure characterization of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-N super-austenitic stainless steel during hot deformation

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第10期26卷 1080-1087页

作者： Yan-sen Hao Jian Li Wan-chun Liu Wei-na Zhang Zhen-yu Liu State Key Lab for Rolling Technologies and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina

Hot compression tests of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-N super-austenitic stainless steel were carried out in the temperature range of 950-1150℃with a strain rate of 0.01-10 s-1,in which dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanisms and coincident site lattice(CSL)boundary evolution in consideration of adiabatic heating were *** results show that discontinuous DRX was the main DRX *** to the high stacking fault energy(162-173 mJ/m2),subgrain evolution occurring in dynamic recovery process was stimulated at high temperatures and high strain *** behavior was accelerated by higher strain rate and adiabatic ***,amounts of fine annealing twin boundaries were observed in the specimens deformed at higher strain rates and higher *** analyzing the length fractions of∑3 boundary in overall boundaries and in CSL boundaries,the results indicate that∑3 regeneration mechanism and new twinning mechanism take effect concurrently for twin-related grain boundary when the specimens were deformed at 950℃with a strain rate of 0.01-10 *** increasing strain rate or deformation temperature,the propagation of∑3 boundaries was mainly dominated by new twinning mechanism.

关键词： Super-austenitic stainless steel Dynamic recrystallization Adiabatic heating Coincident site lattice boundary Hot deformation

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Thermodynamic Calculation of A_(r3) Temperature inLow Alloy Steels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1998年第4期14卷 380-382页

作者： Jinbo QU Zhenyu LIU Xianghua LIU and Guodong WANG (state key lab. of rolling and automation, Northeatern University Shenyang 110006, China) State Key Lab. of Rolling and Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110006 China

On the basis of superelement model, Cahn's transformation kinetics theory and Scheil's additivity rule, actual γ/α transformation start temperature, A.3 in Fe-Σ Xi-C (Xi=Mn, Si, Ni, Mo etc.)multi-component low alloy Steels during continuous cooling process was calculated. Influences of chemical composition, hot deformation of γ and cooling rate on Ar3 temperature were analyzed. Calculated Ar3 temperatures are in reasonable agreement with measured ones.

关键词： Si Temperature inLow Alloy Steels Thermodynamic Calculation of A r3

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