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arXiv 2022年

作者： Atti, Christopher Cross, Cliff Dogan, Ahmet Bugra Hubbard, Christopher Page, Cameron Montague, Stephen Rabieinejad, Elnaz College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University MariettaGA United States Cyber Science Lab School of Computer Science University of Guelph ON Canada

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 or other business decisions, remote work is becoming increasingly popular. "Remote first" working environments exist within companies where most employees work remotely. This paper takes a deep dive into the remote-first mentality. It investigates its effects on employees at varying stages in their careers, day-to-day productivity, and working relationships with team members. We found that the remote-first mentality most impacts seasoned employees and managers, potentially due to trouble adjusting to a new way of working compared to the rest of their careers and the "always on" mentality associated with working from home. Regarding productivity, we found that while software development productivity appears unimpacted, the effectiveness of communication and employee wellbeing saw declines which are generally associated with lowered productivity. Finally, we looked closer at the communication side of things and how remote work impacts relationship building. We found that the most significant impacts on relationship building centered around "trust" and "credibility" being harder to build due to a lack of non-verbal cues during social interactions. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Productivity

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Analyzing XAI Metrics: Summary of the Literature Review

TechRxiv

引用

TechRxiv 2022年

作者： Sisk, Marion Majlis, Makeen Page, Cameron Yazdinejad, Abbas College of Computing and Software Engineering Kennesaw State University MariettaGA United States Cyber Science Lab School of Computer Science University of Guelph ON Canada

The widespread adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models by various industries in recent years have made Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) an active field of research. This adoption can cause trust and effectiveness to suffer if the results of these models are not favorable in some way. XAI has advanced to the point where many metrics have been proposed as reasons for the outputs of many AI models. However, there is little consensus about what technical metrics are most important, nor is there a consensus on how best to analyze explainable methods and models. A discussion of varying attempts at this is brought forth, but the paper also goes into the ethics of AI and its societal impact. Given the modern ubiquity with which AI exists and the immensely multidisciplinary approach, AI has evolved into, using only technical metrics cannot fully describe XAI’s effectiveness. This paper explores several approaches to measuring the ethical effects of XAI, whether it has any bearing on modern research, as well as how the impacts of AI and XAI are measured on society. The full attempt at quantifying XAI models’ effectiveness is explored from a technical and non-technical point of view. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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Security Considerations for Virtual Reality Systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Viswanathan, Karthik Yazdinejad, Abbas Department of Software Engineering Game Development Kennesaw State University GA United States Cyber Science Lab School of Computer Science University of Guelph ON Canada

There is a growing need for authentication methodology in virtual reality applications. Current systems assume that the immersive experience technology is a collection of peripheral devices connected to a personal computer or mobile device. Hence there is a complete reliance on the computing device with traditional authentication mechanisms to handle the authentication and authorization decisions. Using the virtual reality controllers and headset poses a different set of challenges as it is subject to unauthorized observation, unannounced to the user given the fact that the headset completely covers the field of vision in order to provide an immersive experience. As the need for virtual reality experiences in the commercial world increases, there is a need to provide other alternative mechanisms for secure authentication. In this paper, we analyze a few proposed authentication systems and reached a conclusion that a multidimensional approach to authentication is needed to address the granular nature of authentication and authorization needs of a commercial virtual reality applications in the commercial world. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Virtual reality

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A Novel Meta-Hierarchical Active Inference Reinforcement Learning Approach for QoS-Driven Resource Allocation in Dynamic Clouds

A Novel Meta-Hierarchical Active Inference Reinforcement Lea...

引用

IEEE Conference on Global Communications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Peijie Xian Ying He F. Richard Yu Jianbo Du College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen Univ. Shenzhen China Shaanxi Key Lab. of Information Comm. Network and Security Xi’an Univ. of Posts & Telecomm. Xi’an China School of Information Technology Carleton Univ. Ottawa Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350351255

ISBN: (纸本)9798350351262

The cloud computing environment is highly dynamic due to a variety of external factors such as seasonal changes, market trends, and social events. In this case, tenant behavior patterns exhibit significant variability. Therefore, the cloud computing resource allocation model must continuously adapt to these changes. To this end, we propose an adaptive algorithm for dynamic cloud resource allocation based on meta-hierarchical active inference reinforcement learning (MHAIRL). The algorithm combines active inference with meta-hierarchical reinforcement learning. It improves the overall performance of the algorithm, as well as quickly adapts to environmental changes, and improves the generalization performance. In addition, we design a novel polling scheduling framework combined with long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The framework ensures scheduling fairness and flexibility while greatly reducing the state and action space dimensions of the agent. Extensive simulation results show that our method outperforms baseline algorithms in quality of service (QoS) metrics and significantly improves system performance in highly dynamic cloud resource allocation.

关键词： Cloud computing Adaptation models Heuristic algorithms Computational modeling Quality of service Reinforcement learning Dynamic scheduling Inference algorithms Resource management Long short term memory

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Context Gating in Spiking Neural Networks: Achieving Lifelong Learning through Integration of Local and Global Plasticity

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Shen, Jiangrong Ni, Wenyao Xu, Qi Pan, Gang Tang, Huajin The State Key Lab of Brain Machine Intelligence College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University Zhejiang310027 China The Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering School of Artificial Intelligence Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China

Humans learn multiple tasks in succession with minimal mutual interference, through the context gating mechanism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The brain-inspired models of spiking neural networks (SNN) have drawn massive attention for their energy efficiency and biological plausibility. To overcome catastrophic forgetting when learning multiple tasks in sequence, current SNN models for lifelong learning focus on memory reserving or regularization-based modification, while lacking SNN to replicate human experimental behavior. Inspired by biological context-dependent gating mechanisms found in PFC, we propose SNN with context gating trained by the local plasticity rule (CG-SNN) for lifelong learning. The iterative training between global and local plasticity for task units is designed to strengthen the connections between task neurons and hidden neurons and preserve the multi-task relevant information. The experiments show that the proposed model is effective in maintaining the past learning experience and has better task-selectivity than other methods during lifelong learning. Our results provide new insights that the CG-SNN model can extend context gating with good scalability on different SNN architectures with different spike-firing mechanisms. Thus, our models have good potential for parallel implementation on neuromorphic hardware and model human's behavior. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Iterative methods

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SHaRPose: Sparse High-Resolution Representation for Human Pose Estimation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： An, Xiaoqi Zhao, Lin Gong, Chen Wang, Nannan Wang, Di Yang, Jian PCA Lab Key Lab of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Lab of Image and Video Understanding for Social Security School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian University China

High-resolution representation is essential for achieving good performance in human pose estimation models. To obtain such features, existing works utilize high-resolution input images or fine-grained image tokens. However, this dense high-resolution representation brings a significant computational burden. In this paper, we address the following question: "Only sparse human keypoint locations are detected for human pose estimation, is it really necessary to describe the whole image in a dense, high-resolution manner?" Based on dynamic transformer models, we propose a framework that only uses Sparse High-resolution Representations for human Pose estimation (SHaRPose). In detail, SHaRPose consists of two stages. At the coarse stage, the relations between image regions and keypoints are dynamically mined while a coarse estimation is generated. Then, a quality predictor is applied to decide whether the coarse estimation results should be refined. At the fine stage, SHaRPose builds sparse high-resolution representations only on the regions related to the keypoints and provides refined high-precision human pose estimations. Extensive experiments demonstrate the outstanding performance of the proposed method. Specifically, compared to the state-of-the-art method ViTPose, our model SHaRPose-Base achieves 77.4 AP (+0.5 AP) on the COCO validation set and 76.7 AP (+0.5 AP) on the COCO test-dev set, and infers at a speed of 1.4× faster than ViTPose-Base. Code is available at https://***/AnxQ/sharpose. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Video Object Segmentation with Comprehensive Scene Awareness

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Ji, Chuanjun Chen, Yadang Yang, Zhi-Xin Wu, Enhua The State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City Department of Electromechanical Engineering University of Macau 999078 China School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China The State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China

This paper aims to investigate the video object segmentation task (VOS) in semi-supervised settings, which estimates the mask of the target object in subsequent frames based on its mask in the initial frame. Currently, the most advanced methods primarily depend on generative target appearance models, but as they are susceptible to background distractors resembling the target objects, only limited robustness can be achieved. To eliminate this influence, a semi-supervised VOS method with comprehensive scene awareness is proposed in this study, which consists of a target appearance network and a scenario knowledge network. The target appearance network adopts a memory-based architecture to obtain the appearance cues of target objects. The scenario knowledge network captures detailed environmental cues, such as the position of distractor objects, which greatly assists in locating the target. To ensure that the scenario knowledge is learned accurately and effectively combined with the output of the target appearance network, a union loss function is designed to supervise the network model for training. On several prevalent benchmarks, this method achieves a favorable performance compared to the most advanced methods currently available. The scenario knowledge network contains complementary information and provides a considerable performance increase, even when considering a strong appearance model. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Safecoder: A Machine-Learning-Based Encoding System to Embed Safety Identification Information into Qr Codes

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Su, Hao Niu, Jianwei Liu, Xuefeng Atiquzzaman, Mohammed State Key Lab of VR Technology and System School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Industrial Technology Research Institute School of Information Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China Hangzhou Innovation Institute Beihang University Hangzhou China School of Computer Science The University of Oklahoma Norman United States

In social networks, the Internet of Things, mobile computing, electronic commerce, and other fields, Quick Response (QR) codes have been widely used as the interface between online and offline scenarios. In offline lives, users can readily scan QR codes with smartphones to access online networks or remote devices. However, standard QR codes appear as random black-and-white modules that make users difficult to visually distinguish the encoding message in QR codes, which incurs users unwittingly to scan malicious QR codes distributed by hackers, and results in serious issues of cyber security and privacy leakage. In this paper, we propose a novel system that can embed safety identification information (SII) into QR codes, which conduces to avoid issues of cyber security and privacy leakage. Although some existing methods attempt to embed visual information into QR codes, these methods require complex pre-designed algorithms and leave some limitations in visual representation. Unlike them, our system employs the machine learning technique, which can naturally embed SII into QR codes without compromising the scanning-robustness and message preservation. Subjective and objective experiments show that our system can effectively produce embedded QR codes that are applicable in real-world life, and reach the state-of-the-art level. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Focal volume optics for composite structuring in transparent solids

引用

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2025年第1期7卷 357-366页

作者： Bo Zhang Zhuo Wang Dezhi Tan Min Gu Yuanzheng Yue Jianrong Qiu State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311100People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Institute of Photonic Chips University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics School of Optical-Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPeople’s Republic of China Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark

Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive ***,we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids.A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter *** demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration,nonlinear diffractive elements,and multi-functional optical *** work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom,expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids,and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics,namely,focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.

关键词： ultrafast laser focal volume light field composite structuring transparent solids advanced manufacturing

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The Wake Evolution Mechanisms of The(Mau)Propeller Operating in Oblique Flow

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhou, Bo Yu, Jiawei Dai, Changming Zhang, Binbin Han, Xiaoshuang Zhang, Guiyong State Key Lab of Structural Analysis Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment School of Naval Architecture Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian Province 116024 China Marine Engineering College Dalian Maritime University Dalian Province 116026 China

In this paper, the wake field of MAU type propeller is numerically simulated by large eddy simulation (LES), and the wake behavior of propeller under the condition of axial symmetry and three different inclination angles is compared systematically. The complex vortex system in the wake field is quantitatively analyzed. The cause of the trailing vortex system changing from stable state to unstable state is discussed, and the potential mechanism of wake evolution and instability is explored. The key vortex structure related to the unsteady process of propeller wake is solved, and the relationship between the interaction of tip vortex and the evolution of unstable states is extended, and the important reasons for the instability of tip vortex are clarified. The results show that the decrease of tip vortex distance, the interaction between tip vortex and sheet vortex, and the intensity of vortex are correlated with tip vortex instability. The relationship between hub vortex and the sudden instability mechanism of wake field and the contribution of the secondary vortex to the instability mechanism are studied in this work, and the related research of rotor wake instability is supplemented, which has important practical significance for the design and optimization of propeller. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vortex flow

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