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作者： Zhao, Xiao Chong Lin, Hong Liu, Yizhu Li, Xin Yang, Pan Chen, Huiyuan Y. Wang, Gang Li, Jian Bao State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Department of Material Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Pen-Tung Sah Micro-Nano Technology Research Center Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Tianjin Institute of Power Sources Tianjin 300381 China School of Mechanical Engineering Qinghai University Xining 810016 China Key Lab. for Hainan Advantage Rsrc. and Appl. Technol. in Chem. Eng. Mat. of Ministry of Education Materials and Chemical Engineering Institute Hainan University Haikou 570228 China

Generally, nanoparticles are easy to aggregate due to their nano sizes, which influence the physical and chemical properties. In this work, a dispersion treatment of the TiO2 nanoparticles with different average sizes was employed to improve the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles, in order to prepare flexible photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with novel photovoltaic properties at a low temperature. The effects of dispersion treatment on the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles, including the viscosities of the binder-free TiO2 paste, the morphologies and textural properties of nanoparticle-TiO2 films, and the photovoltaic properties of the flexible DSCs, were investigated. Flexible indium-tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates with sputter deposited Pt were employed as the transparent flexible counter electrodes. A short-circuit photocurrent density of 9.62 mA cm-2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.757 V, a fill factor of 0.589 and an overall light-to-energy conversion efficiency of 4.29% for the flexible DSCs under AM1.5 illumination of 100 mW-cm?2 were obtained with dispersion treatment. A 30.8% increment of the energy conversion efficiency for DSCs made by dispersion treatment was obtained compared with that made without dispersion treatment. © 2012 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Dye-sensitized solar cells

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Strengthening Soft 45# Steel Through a Crn/W-Dlc/Dlc Multilayer Coating

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Luo, Guoqiang Xu, Xinyu Dong, Haoran Wei, Qinqin Tian, Feng Qin, Jianglin Shen, Qiang Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangdong Chaozhou521000 China State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan430070 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan430070 China Hubei Technology Innovation Center for Advanced Composites Wuhan University of Technology Hubei Wuhan430070 China State Owned Wuhan Xinyu Machine Factory Hubei Wuhan430060 China

Special equipment vehicles typically operate in complex environments, resulting in wear and failure of the chassis’s rotary seal shaft predominantly made of soft 45# steel. An effective strategy to extend the service life is to apply a hard coating on the working surface. However, previous research have primarily concentrated on the coating for hard high-speed steel, while the significant difference of physical characteristics between soft 45# steel and hard coating leads to a weak interface adhesion. This study produces a CrN/W-DLC/DLC multilayer coating on the soft 45# steel with strong interfacial adhesion and superior friction and wear property by tailoring the CrN transition layer thickness. The multilayer coating consists of five layers, a CrN transition layer, a Cr layer, a Cr/WC alternating layer, a W-DLC/DLC alternating layer, and the topmost DLC layer. Increasing the thickness of the transition layer improves the coating's hardness and adhesive strength. The 3CrN/W-DLC/DLC multilayer coating achieves the highest adhesive strength of 75N. The optimized CrN/W-DLC/DLC coating reduces the internal stress of the DLC coating and enhances its adhesion. Importantly, the average friction coefficient and wear cross-sectional area of the CrN/W-DLC/DLC multilayer coatings decrease accordingly. The 3CrN/W-DLC/DLC coating exhibits superior outstanding wear resistance evidenced by an average friction coefficient of 0.119 and a wear cross-sectional area of 100.55 μm2. A High proportion of sp2 bonds in the coating that are susceptible to graphitization and thicker transition layer that enhances the coating's support results in narrower wear traces. The oxidation wear and three-body abrasive wear as the main wear mechanisms. The work provides a significant promise for application in vehicle rotary seal components and a theoretical reference for improving the wear resistance of the seal surface. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hard coatings

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Reliable synthesis of Large-Area Monolayer WS2 Single Crystals, Films, and Heterostructures with Extraordinary Photoluminescence Induced by Water Intercalation

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Zhang, Qianhui Lu, Jianfeng Wang, Ziyu Dai, Zhigao Zhang, Yupeng Huang, Fuzhi Bao, Qiaoliang Duan, Wenhui Fuhrer, Michael S. Zheng, Changxi Department of Civil Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia School of Chemistry Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Department of Material Science and Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Monash Centre for Atomically Thin Materials Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hold great potential for future low-energy optoelectronics owing to their unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the technique widely used for the synthesis of large-area TMDs. However, due to high sensitivity to the growth environment, reliable synthesis of monolayer TMDs via CVD remains challenging. Here we develop a controllab.e CVD process for large-area synthesis of monolayer WS2 crystals, films, and in-plane graphene-WS2 heterostructures by cleaning the reaction tube with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and aqua regia. The concise cleaning process can remove the residual contaminates attached to the CVD reaction tube and crucibles, reducing the nucleation density but enhancing the diffusion length of WS2 species. The photoluminescence (PL) mappings of a WS2 single crystal and film reveal that the extraordinary PL around the edges of a triangular single crystal is induced by ambient water intercalation at the WS2-sapphire interface. The extraordinary PL can be controlled by the choice of substrates with different wettabilities. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemical vapor deposition

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The Ordered Lattice Host Framework Induced Guest Li+ Disordering in High Performance Cobalt-Free Ni-Rich Cathode materials

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Xu, Jia Zhang, Xiaoyu Sun, Shixiong Fu, Rong Cheng, Fangyuan Wei, Peng Li, Qing Fang, Chun Lin, He Han, Jiantao State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan430074 China School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology SydneyNSW2007 Australia Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201204 China

Recently, due to high price, resource shortage and unstable supply of cobalt, the development of low-cost cobalt-free Ni-rich cathodes has attracted extensive attention with the ever-increasing lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) industry. Selecting cost-effective elements to replace cobalt in Ni-rich cathodes is urgent. However, the principle of structural design of Ni-rich cathode remains unclear, hampering the selection of alternative elements. Herein, the cobalt-free cathodes of LiNi0.95Mg0.05O2 (NiMg) and LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2 (NiMn) are designed as alternatives to LiNi0.96Co0.04O2 (NiCo). NiMg has comparable cycle stability with NiCo, while NiMn has inferior cycle performance. Reverse Monte Carlo modelling was used to generate structural model and uncover local structure by fitting pair distribution function. It reveals Mn causes more severe Jahn-Teller distortions and disordered lattice host framework (Ni0.95M0.05O2, M = Co/Mn/Mg) than Co and Mg due to the strong size effect and coulomb interactions of Mn in Ni0.95Mn0.05O2 layer. The outstanding cycle stability of NiMg and NiCo originates from the ordered lattice host frameworks, which relieve stress and inhibit particle breakage during cycle. Meanwhile, the ordered lattice host framework induced guest Li+ disordering reduces Li+ diffusion energy barrier, improving the rate capability. This study provides a new perspective for the structural design of cobalt-free Ni-rich cathodes. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cathodes

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Domain Evolution, Dielectric and Piezoelectric Response in Bent Freestanding PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Nanowires

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Zhou, Meng-Jun Peng, Kun Tan, Yueze Yang, Tiannan Chen, Long-Qing Nan, Ce-Wen State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Center of Smart Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Materials Science and Engineering State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China

Ferroelectric oxides with excellent flexibility are of significant practical and theoretical interests in recent studies. With most up-to-date research efforts, the effect of large bending on properties of nano-scale ferroelectric materials is still to be investigated. In this work, we elucidate the effect of bending angle on ferroelectric domain structures and material properties of bending PbTiO3 nanowires using phase-field simulations and thermodynamic modeling. We find non-monotonic dependencies of the coercive fields, dielectric responses and piezoelectric properties on the bending angle. A maximum enhancement of 462% and 226% in the dielectric constant and piezoelectric coefficient, respectively, is achieved at an 18° bending angle for the PbTiO3 nanowire with a radius of R = 10 nm and length L=100 nm, which is attributed to the formation of strong-response zones within the nanowire as illustrated by both the phase-field and thermodynamic analysis. The current work provides useful theoretical insights for the experimental explorations into ferroelectric functionalities of nanomaterials and potential applications of high-performance flexible ferroelectric-based nanodevices. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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Effect of Gradient Multilayer on Tribological Performance of Tin/Tisin Coatings Prepared by Cathodic Arc Ion Plating

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Tu, Rong Jiao, Jiao Jiang, Mingquan Yang, Mai Ji, Baifeng Gao, Tenghua Li, Qizhong Zhang, Song Zhang, Lianmeng Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Chaozhou521000 China State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Wuhan University of Technology Advanced Engineering Technology Research Institute of Zhongshan City Xiangxing Road 6 Zhongshan528400 China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University Yokohama223-8522 Japan Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China

Hard coatings such as transition metal nitrides have been widely applied to improve the mechanical properties and tribological performance of cutting tools. The coatings in various multilayer structures or gradient structures have been designed to meet the demands of more severe service environments and more precise processing requirements. In this work, TiN/TiSiN coatings in several gradient&multilayered structures were deposited on cemented carbide by cathodic arc ion plating using TiSi alloy and Ti targets. The modulation period (Λ) of the multilayer varies gradually with thickness, ranging from 6 to 46 nm. The gradient multilayer coatings consist of nanocrystalline-amorphous composite with compact growth. The coating with modulation period first increasing and then decreasing has the highest hardness of 38 GPa and the maximum residual compressive stress of -2.71 GPa as well as the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate. Gradient and multilayer structures moderate the brittleness caused by the presence of amorphous SiNx phase, and optimizes the mechanical properties and tribological performances of the coatings. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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A Nd@C82-polymer interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

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Nature 2025年 2025 Apr 8页

作者： Yuexin Lin Zhichao Lin Shili Lv Yuan Shui Wenjing Zhu Zuhong Zhang Wenhan Yang Jinbo Zhao Hao Gu Junmin Xia Danning Wang Fenqi Du Annan Zhu Jin Liu Hairui Cai Bin Wang Nan Zhang Haibin Wang Xiaolong Liu Tao Liu Chuncai Kong Di Zhou Shi Chen Zhimao Yang Tao Li Wei Ma Guojia Fang Luis Echegoyen Guichuan Xing Shengchun Yang Tao Yang Wenting Cai Meng Li Wei Huang Chao Liang MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter School of Physics National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China. College of Material Engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou P. R. China. School of Chemistry Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China. Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering Henan University Kaifeng P. R. China. Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau P. R. China. State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing P. R. China. Institute of Advanced Ceramics Henan Academy of Sciences Zhengzhou P. R. China. State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials & Institute of Crystal Materials Shandong University Jinan P. R. China. Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Structures Ministry of Education School of Electronic Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an P. R. China. Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structures of Ministry of Education School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China. Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at El Paso El Paso Texas USA. Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 Tarragona Spain. Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Taipa Macau P. R. China. gcxing@um.edu.mo. MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis

A critical challenge in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the simultaneous attainment of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability. Employing polymers interfaces in PSCs can enhance durability by blocking water and oxygen, and by suppressing ions interdiffusion, but their electronic shielding poses a challenge for efficient and stable PSCs. In this study, we report a magnetic endohedral metallofullerene Nd@C-polymer coupling layer, which features ultra-fast electron extraction and in-situ encapsulation, thereby promoting homogeneous electron extraction and suppressing ions interdiffusion. The Nd@C-polymer coupling layer in PSCs exhibited PCE of 26.78% (certified 26.29%) and 23.08% with an aperture area of 0.08 square centimetres and 16 square centimetres (modules), respectively. The unencapsulated devices retained ~82% of the initial PCE after 2,500 hours of continuous 1-sun maximum power point operation at 65 °C.

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Tunable Band Gap of Diamond Twin Boundaries by Strain Engineering

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Yan, Xuexi Jiang, Yixiao Yang, Bing Ma, Shangyi Yao, Tingting Tao, Ang Chen, Chunlin Ma, Xiuliang Ye, Hengqiang Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Material Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang110016 China Ji Hua Laboratory Foshan528200 China State Key Lab of Advanced Processing and Recycling on Non-ferrous Metals Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou730050 China

Diamond thin films are promising wide band gap semiconductor materials for applications in electronic and microwave devices. Revealing the mechanism of how twin boundaries impact the band gap of diamond is of critical importance since they are the most common defects in polycrystalline diamond films. Here, nanocrystalline diamond films are synthesized by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The atomic and electronic structures of diamond lamellar and fivefold twins, and their evolution behaviors with the increase of axial tensile strain, are investigated by combining aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy with first-principles calculations. There is no intrinsic stress concentration at the lamellar twin boundary, and its band gap equals to that of bulk diamond (i.e., 5.3 eV). An intrinsic in-plane compressive stress field is formed and the band gap is increased evidently (i.e., 0.6 eV) in the center of fivefold twin. When applying an axial tensile strain up to 15%, the band gap of bulk diamond, lamellar and fivefold twins reduces significantly to 2.2 eV, 2.1 eV and 2.4 eV, respectively, which is mainly due to the decrease of pz orbital energy caused by the increase of axial bond length during the tensile process. Under the same axial tensile strain, the band gap of fivefold twin is always larger than those of lamellar twin and bulk diamond due to the formation of in-plane five-membered carbon rings in the center. The findings of tunable band gap by strain engineering will benefit for the innovation and design of advanced diamond functional devices. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy gap

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Vacancy-Rich Ni(OH)2 Drives the Electrooxidation of Amino C−N Bonds to Nitrile C≡N Bonds

引用

Angewandte Chemie 2020年第39期132卷

作者： Wang W. Wang Y. Yang R. Wen Q. Liu Y. Jiang Z. Li H. Zhai T. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei 430074 China Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Zhangjiang National Lab Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204 China

Electrochemical synthesis based on electrons as reagents provides a broad prospect for commodity chemical manufacturing. A direct one-step route for the electrooxidation of amino C−N bonds to nitrile C≡N bonds offers an alternative pathway for nitrile production. However, this route has not been fully explored with respect to either the chemical bond reforming process or the performance optimization. Proposed here is a model of vacancy-rich Ni(OH)2 atomic layers for studying the performance relationship with respect to structure. Theoretical calculations show the vacancy-induced local electropositive sites chemisorb the N atom with a lone pair of electrons and then attack the corresponding N(sp3)−H, thus accelerating amino C−N bond activation for dehydrogenation directly into the C≡N bond. Vacancy-rich nanosheets exhibit up to 96.5 % propionitrile selectivity at a moderate potential of 1.38 V. These findings can lead to a new pathway for facilitating catalytic reactions in the chemicals industry. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

关键词： amines electrochemistry nanostructures oxidation surface chemistry

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Dislocation-induced Y segregation at basal-prismatic interfaces in Mg

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2020年

作者： Huang, Zhifeng Turlo, Vladyslav Wang, Xin Chen, Fei Shen, Qiang Zhang, Lianmeng Beyerlein, Irene J. Rupert, Timothy J. State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Materials Department University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States

Solute segregation at twin boundaries in Mg has been widely investigated, yet this phenomenon has not been studied at the equally important basal-prismatic interfaces. To fill this critical gap, this work investigates the segregation behavior of Y at basal-prismatic interfaces with various structures using atomistic simulations. The calculated interfacial energies show that short coherent interfaces and long semi-coherent interfaces containing disconnections and dislocations are more energetically stable than disordered interfaces, which is supported by our experimental observations. The segregation energy of Y at these lowest energy basal-prismatic interfaces shows a clear correlation with the atomic hydrostatic stress, highlighting the importance of local extension stresses for segregation. In addition, sites around dislocations at the semi-coherent basal-prismatic interfaces demonstrate lower segregation energy, indicating that local defects such as interfacial dislocations can further enhance the segregation. In its entirety, this study indicates that the segregation of solutes can be affected by a number of different aspects of the local structure at complex interfaces in Mg alloys. Mg;Misfit;Segregation;Dislocation;Basal-Prismatic Interface. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnesium alloys

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