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A review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning: Techniques, applications and challenges

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Abdar, Moloud Pourpanah, Farhad Hussain, Sadiq Rezazadegan, Dana Liu, Li Ghavamzadeh, Mohammad Fieguth, Paul Cao, Xiaochun Khosravi, Abbas Rajendra Acharya, U. Makarenkov, Vladimir Nahavandi, Saeid Deakin University Australia College of Mathematics and Statistics Guangdong Key Lab. of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Dibrugarh University Dibrugarh India Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia Center for Machine Vision and Signal Analysis University of Oulu Oulu Finland Google research United States Department of Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Clementi Singapore Department of Computer Science University of Quebec in Montreal MontrealQC Canada

—Uncertainty quantification (UQ) plays a pivotal role in the reduction of uncertainties during both optimization and decision making, applied to solve a variety of real-world applications in science and engineering. Bayesian approximation and ensemble learning techniques are two of the most widely-used UQ methods in the literature. In this regard, researchers have proposed different UQ methods and examined their performance in a variety of applications such as computer vision (e.g., self-driving cars and object detection), image processing (e.g., image restoration), medical image analysis (e.g., medical image classification and segmentation), natural language processing (e.g., text classification, social media texts and recidivism risk-scoring), bioinformatics, etc. This study reviews recent advances in UQ methods used in deep learning, investigates the application of these methods in reinforcement learning, and highlight the fundamental research challenges and directions associated with the UQ field. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

RF chain reduction for MIMO systems: A hardware prototype

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Gong, Tierui Shlezinger, Nir Ioushua, Shahar Stein Namer, Moshe Yang, Zhijia Eldar, Yonina C. State Key Lab of Robotics Key Lab of Networked Control Systems Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang110016 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technion Haifa Israel

RF chain circuits play a major role in digital receiver architectures, allowing passband communication signals to be processed in baseband. When operating at high frequencies, these circuits tend to be costly. This increased cost imposes a major limitation on future multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication technologies. A common approach to mitigate the increased cost is to utilize hybrid architectures, in which the received signal is combined in analog into a lower dimension, thus reducing the number of RF chains. In this work we present a hardware prototype implementing analog combining for RF chain reduction. The prototype consists of a specially designed configurable combining board as well as a dedicated experimental setup. Our hardware prototype allows to evaluate the effect of analog combining in MIMO systems using actual communication signals. The experimental study, which focuses on channel estimation accuracy in MIMO channels, demonstrates that using the proposed prototype, the achievable channel estimation performance is within a small gap in a statistical sense from that obtained using a costly receiver in which each antenna is connected to a dedicated RF chain. Furthermore, in the considered scenarios, this gap becomes negligible when the reduction rate, i.e., the ratio of the number of RF chains to the number of antennas, is above 62.5%. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel estimation

Relation mention extraction from noisy data with hierarchical reinforcement learning

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Feng, Jun Huang, Minlie Zhang, Yijie Yang, Yang Zhu, Xiaoyan State Key Lab. of Intelligent Technology and Systems National Lab. for Information Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University

In this paper we address a task of relation mention extraction from noisy data: extracting representative phrases for a particular relation from noisy sentences that are collected via distant supervision. Despite its significance and value in many downstream applications, this task is less studied on noisy data. The major challenges exists in 1) the lack of annotation on mention phrases, and more severely, 2) handling noisy sentences which do not express a relation at all. To address the two challenges, we formulate the task as a semi-Markov decision process and propose a novel hierarchical reinforcement learning model. Our model consists of a top-level sentence selector to remove noisy sentences, a low-level mention extractor to extract relation mentions, and a reward estimator to provide signals to guide data denoising and mention extraction without explicit annotations. Experimental results show that our model is effective to extract relation mentions from noisy data. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Extraction

Reinforcement learning for relation classification from noisy data

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Feng, Jun Huang, Minlie Zhao, Li Yang, Yang Zhu, Xiaoyan State Key Lab. of Intelligent Technology and Systems National Lab. for Information Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Microsoft Research Asia College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University

Existing relation classification methods that rely on distant supervision assume that a bag of sentences mentioning an entity pair are all describing a relation for the entity pair. Such methods, performing classification at the bag level, cannot identify the mapping between a relation and a sentence, and largely suffers from the noisy lab.ling problem. In this paper, we propose a novel model for relation classification at the sentence level from noisy data. The model has two modules: an instance selector and a relation classifier. The instance selector chooses high-quality sentences with reinforcement learning and feeds the selected sentences into the relation classifier, and the relation classifier makes sentencelevel prediction and provides rewards to the instance selector. The two modules are trained jointly to optimize the instance selection and relation classification processes. Experiment results show that our model can deal with the noise of data effectively and obtains better performance for relation classification at the sentence level. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

Research on Social Marketing Strategies with An Agent-based Propagation Model

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 13581-13586页

作者： Zeng, Shuai Li, Juanjuan Ni, Xiaochun Yuan, Yong Wang, Fei-Yue The State Key Lab of Management Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences China Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries BeijingShandong China Research Center of Military Computational Experiments and Parallel Systems National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

Considering the increasing complexity of social networks and user behaviors, it is very challenging for advertisers to formulate their strategies of selecting proper initial seed users in their social marketing efforts. In this paper, we tackle this challenge by proposing an agent-based propagation model and injecting it into typical social networks with three types of structures, i.e., Erds-Rényi random graph, Watt-Strogatz small world graph, and Barabási-Albert scale-free graph. We instantiate this agent-based model with demographic characteristics extracted from real-world census data collected in China. By investigating the diffusion process of advertising information in these social networks, we can analyze and compare the performance of advertisers’ targeting and influencer strategies. Our experimental results indicate that advertisers adopting influencer strategies should manipulate the initial well-connected seeds to deliver information only to the potential customers instead of a wide range of generic users. © 2017

关键词： Marketing Autonomous agents Behavioral research Commerce Computational methods Population statistics Agent based model Demographic characteristics Information diffusion Potential customers Propagation modeling Seeding strategies Small world graphs Social marketings

Transforming heat transfer with thermal metamaterials and devices

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Ying Li, Wei Han, Tiancheng Zheng, Xu Li, Jiaxin Li, Baowen Fan, Shanhui Qiu, Cheng-Wei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation Center Key Lab. of Advanced Micro/Nano Electronic Devices & Smart Systems of Zhejiang Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical Engineering Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States School of Mechatronics Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

| The demand for sophisticated tools and approaches in heat management and control has triggered fast development of emerging fields including conductive thermal metamaterials, nanophononics, far-field and near-field radiative thermal management, etc. In this review, we cast a unified perspective on the control of heat transfer, based on which the related studies can be considered as complementary paradigms toward manipulating physical parameters and realizing unprecedented phenomena in heat transfer using artificial structures, such as thermal conductivity in heat conduction, thermal emissivity in radiation, and properties related to multi-physical effects. The review is divided into three parts that focus on the three main categories of heat flow control, respectively. Thermal conduction and radiation are emphasized in the first and second parts at both macro- and micro-scale. The third part discusses the efforts to actively introduce heat sources or tune the material parameters with multi-physical effects in both conduction and radiation, including works using thermal convection. We conclude the review with challenges in this research topic and new possibilities about topological thermal effects, heat waves, and quantum thermal effects. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Metamaterials

Predict Robot Grasp Outcomes based on Multi-Modal Information

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Predict Robot Grasp Outcomes based on Multi-Modal Informatio...

IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics

作者： Chao Yang Peng Du Fuchun Sun Bin Fang Jie Zhou Department of Computer Science and Technology State Key Lab. of Intelligent Technology and Systems Beijing China School of Automation University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China Fuzhou University Fuzhou China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728103785;9781728103778

In the service robot application scenario, the stable grasp requires careful balancing the contact forces and the property of the manipulation objects, such as shape, weight. Deducing whether a particular grasp would be stable from indirect measurements, such as vision, is therefore quite challenging, and direct sensing of contacts through tactile sensor provides an appealing avenue toward more successful and consistent robotic grasping. Other than this, an object's shape and weight would also decide whether to grasping stabilize or not. In this work, we investigate the question of whether tactile information and object intrinsic property aid in predicting grasp outcomes within a multi-modal sensing framework that combines vision, tactile and object intrinsic property. To that end, we collected more than 2550 grasping trials using a 3-finger robot hand which mounted with multiple tactile sensors. We evaluated our multi-modal deep neural network models to directly predict grasp stability from either modality individually or multimodal modalities. Our experimental results indicate the visual combination of tactile readings and intrinsic properties of the object significantly improve grasping prediction performance.

关键词： Grasping Visualization Feature extraction Videos Tactile sensors

Mathematical model of brain tumour growth with drug resistance

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Trobia, José Tian, Kun Batista, Antonio M. Grebogi, Celso Ren, Hai-Peng Santos, Moises S. Protachevicz, Paulo R. Borges, Fernando S. Szezech, José D. Viana, Ricardo L. Caldas, Iberê L. Iarosz, Kelly C. Department of Mathematics and Statistics State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta GrossaPR84030-900 Brazil Graduate in Science Program - Physics State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta GrossaPR84030-900 Brazil Shaanxi Key Lab of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an University of Technology Xi’anPR710048 China Institute of Physics University of São Paulo São PauloSP05508-900 Brazil Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 3UE United Kingdom Xi’an Technological University Xi’anPR710021 China Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition Federal University of ABC São Bernardo do CampoSP09606-045 Brazil Department of Physics Federal University of Paraná CuritibaPR80060-000 Brazil Faculdade de Telêmaco Borba FATEB Telêmaco BorbaPR84266-010 Brazil

Brain tumours are masses of abnormal cells that can grow in an uncontrolled way in the brain. There are different types of malignant brain tumours. Gliomas are malignant brain tumours that grow from glial cells and are identified as astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and ependymoma. We study a mathematical model that describes glia-neuron interaction, glioma, and chemotherapeutic agent. In this work, we consider drug sensitive and resistant glioma cells. We show that continuous and pulsed chemotherapy can kill glioma cells with a minimal loss of neurons. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Tumors

Effects of drug resistance in the tumour-immune system with chemotherapy treatment

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Trobia, José Gabrick, Enrique C. Seifert, Evandro G. Borges, Fernando S. Protachevicz, Paulo R. Szezech, José D. Iarosz, Kelly C. Santos, Moises S. Caldas, Iberê L. Tian, Kun Ren, Hai-Peng Grebogi, Celso Batista, Antonio M. Graduate Program in Science - Physics State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta GrossaPR84030-900 Brazil Department of Mathematics and Statistics State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta GrossaPR84030-900 Brazil Department of Physics State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta GrossaPR84030-900 Brazil Center for Mathematics Computation and Cognition Federal University of ABC São Bernardo do CampoSP09606-045 Brazil Institute of Physics University of São Paulo São PauloSP05508-900 Brazil Faculty of Telêmaco Borba FATEB Telêmaco BorbaPR84266-010 Brazil Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering Federal Technological University of Paraná Ponta Grossa Paraná84016-210 Brazil Shaanxi Key Lab of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an710048 China Xi’an Technological University Xi’an710021 China Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology University of Aberdeen AberdeenAB24 3UE United Kingdom

Cancer is a term used to refer to a large set of diseases. The cancerous cells grow and divide and, as a result, they form tumours that grow in size. The immune system recognise the cancerous cells and attack them, though, it can be weakened by the cancer. One type of cancer treatment is chemotherapy, which uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Clinical, experimental, and theoretical research has been developed to understand the dynamics of cancerous cells with chemotherapy treatment, as well as the interaction between tumour growth and immune system. We study a mathematical model that describes the cancer growth, immune system response, and chemotherapeutic agents. The immune system is composed of resting cells that are converted to hunting cells to combat the cancer. In this work, we consider drug sensitive and resistant cancer cells. We show that the tumour growth can be controlled not only by means of different chemotherapy protocols, but also by the immune system that attacks both sensitive and resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, for all considered protocols, we demonstrate that the time delay from resting to hunting cells plays a crucial role in the combat against cancer cells. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Chemotherapy