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Second-Moment Vliant Load Balancing (sVLB) in optical Data Center networks

IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 2025年第5期43卷 1793-1808页

作者： Guo, Yingxin Ye, Tong Ma, Yaxuan Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai China

Although optical circuit switch (OCS) based data center network (DCN) can offer high-bandwidth and low-power consumption interconnection for server blocks, it has slow reconfiguration speed and thus is not well-suited to handling highly bursty traffic. Despite several Valiant load-balancing (VLB) type algorithms designed to mitigate this mismatch, they cause notable residual traffic fluctuation, measured by second moment of traffic rate. This leads to a notable tail distribution of flow completion time (FCT). Thereby, this paper proposes a second-moment VLB (sVLB), leveraging the fact that all optical links from the same source rarely burst simultaneously. Different from previous VLB-type algorithms, sVLB utilizes spare capacity in the DCN for load balancing. Specifically, it offloads the bursty traffic from optical links to other intermediate blocks, employing only spare capacity on temporarily idle optical links, and these blocks subsequently route the bursty traffic to its destination. We introduce an sVLB-based framework, which additionally provides a suitable optical topology for sVLB to work with and a weight-based scheme to assist sVLB in intermediate block selection during bursty traffic offloading. Our qualitative assessment and extensive simulation demonstrate that the sVLB-based framework can smooth out the residual traffic fluctuation, thus outperforming existing strategies in normalized FCT. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Interconnection networks (circuit switching)

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Preamble Design for Joint Frame Synchronization, Frequency Offset Estimation, and Channel Estimation in Upstream Burst-Mode Detection of Coherent PON

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4127-4138页

作者： Sun, Yongxin Jiang, Hexun Xu, Yicheng Fu, Mengfan Zhu, Yixiao Yi, Lilin Hu, Weisheng Zhuge, Qunbi Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China

Coherent optics has shown significant potential as a viable solution for achieving 100 Gb/s and higher speeds in single-wavelength passive optical networks (PON). However, upstream coherent burst-mode detection is a major challenge in deploying coherent optics in access networks. To accelerate digital signal processing (DSP) convergence with minimal preamble length, we propose a novel burst-mode preamble design based on a constant amplitude zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) sequence. This design facilitates comprehensive frequency-domain estimation of various impairments, including state of polarization, chromatic dispersion and differential group delay, providing overall system response information for the equalization pre-convergence. Additionally, this preamble utilizes the same training unit to jointly achieve three key DSP functions: frame synchronization, frequency offset estimation, and channel estimation. This integration contributes to a significant reduction in the preamble length. The feasibility of the proposed preamble with a length of 400 symbols and corresponding DSP was experimentally verified in a 15 Gbaud coherent system using dual-polarization 16 quadrature amplitude modulation. The experimental results based on this scheme showed a superior performance of the convergence acceleration. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Frequency domain analysis

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Rapid Convergence and Low Data Dependency: Physics-Informed Tri-Module Multiplicative Network for DML-DD Link in Analog RoF Fronthaul

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第10期43卷 4616-4623页

作者： Zhang, Yikun Zhu, Yixiao Man, Lina Zhuge, Qunbi Hu, Weisheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Lab of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China

The conventional analog radio-over-fiber (A-RoF) scheme offers high spectral efficiency, which can meet the growing capacity demand in 6G cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). With the trend towards dense small cells, the directly modulated laser with direct detection (DML-DD) link stands out as a cost-effective option. The main challenge in the DML-DD link-based A-RoF fronthaul is the nonlinear chirp-dispersion interaction including composite second-order (CSO) and composite triple beat (CTB) distortion. In this work, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a fast-convergence and low data dependency physics-informed tri-module multiplicative network (TriMNet) for C-band DML-DD link. Neural networks (NN) usually require substantial training set to learn and achieve high performance in a data-driven mode. By introducing the analytical form of the CSO and CTB models, TriMNet can extract nonlinear distortion features more quickly and accurately, offering significantly reduced training data requirements. Compared to the fully connected neural network (FNN), TriMNet reduces training symbols by 50% and training epochs by 62.5%, without extra computational complexity. Furthermore, TriMNet enhances the system capacity, achieving a common public radio interface (CPRI)-equivalent rate of 1.02 Tb/s from 0.9 Tb/s in 10-km transmission and 0.84 Tb/s from 0.72 Tb/s in 15-km transmission at 8% error vector magnitude (EVM) threshold compared to full-tap 3rd order Volterra-based feed-forward equalizer (VFE). © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Radio-over-fiber

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Wide-Sense Nonblocking Conditions for Flex-grid OXC-Clos networks

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IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications 2025年第5期43卷 1809-1822页

作者： Yao, Yibei Ye, Tong Deng, Ning Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai China Great Bay University School of Computing and Information Technology Guangdong China

The emerging high-capacity optical networks make it urgent to design large-scale flexible mesh optical cross-connect (OXC). Though Clos networks are the theory for building scalable and cost-effective switching fabrics, the nonblocking conditions for flex-grid optical Clos networks without wavelength conversion remain unknown. This paper studies the nonblocking conditions for the flex-grid OXC-Clos network, which is constructed from a number of small-size standard OXCs. We first show that a strictly nonblocking (SNB) OXC-Clos network will incur a high cost, as small-granularity lightpaths may abuse central modules (CMs), rendering them unavailable for large-granularity requests due to frequency conflicts. Hence, we propose a granularity differential routing (GDR) strategy, the idea of which is to restrict the set of CMs that can be utilized by the lightpaths of each granularity. Under the GDR strategy, we investigate two system models, called granularity-port binding and unbinding models, and prove the wide-sense nonblocking (WSNB) conditions. We show that the cost of WSNB network is remarkably smaller than that of SNB network, and find that the granularity-port unbinding model can offer more flexible network-bandwidth utilization compared to the binding model, with a slight cost associated with switching fabrics. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cross connections (water distribution)

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Fabrication-Tolerant High-Speed 5-Bit Silicon optical True Time Delay Line in the O-Band

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第9期43卷 4358-4366页

作者： Ni, Ziheng Lu, Liangjun Wang, Yixuan Liu, Yuanbin Chen, Jianping Zhou, Linjie Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Key Lab of Navigation and Location Services Shanghai200240 China SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics Pinghu314200 China

Fast reconfiguration time on the order of nanoseconds is crucial for microwave photonic beamformers, particularly in 5G/6G wireless communication systems. Most previously reported integrated optical true time delay lines (OTTDLs) exhibit a slow response time of tens of microseconds. In this study, we demonstrate an O-band high-speed 5-bit silicon OTTDL based on fabrication-tolerant electro-optic push-pull optical switches, which exhibit lower phase deviation and reduced insertion loss compared to conventional designs. The rising and falling times are 9 ns and 11 ns for the electro-optic switching, respectively. The insertion loss and crosstalk of our fabrication-tolerant high-speed switch element are 0.66 dB (0.74 dB) and −25.09 dB (−27.41 dB) at the bar (cross) state, respectively, at the wavelength of 1310 nm. For the 5-bit OTTDL, the initial phase variation is only ∼0.10π, which is one-sixth of that observed in the conventional design. Additionally, our proposed OTTDL features a low fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 8.72 dB and a delay tuning range of 0-313.9 ps. The high-performance, fabrication-tolerant OTTDLs hold significant promise for future applications in fast beamforming. © 1983-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fiber to the x

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Accelerating the Thermal Response of a III-V/Si3N4 Hybrid External Cavity Laser with Electronic-Photonic Co-Design

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Journal of Lightwave Technology 2025年第10期43卷 4871-4880页

作者： Han, keyi Lu, Liangjun Guo, Yuyao Li, Xinhang Xu, Weihan Chen, Jianpin Zhou, Linjie Shanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks The Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai Key Lab of Navigation and Location Services Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai200240 China SJTU-Pinghu Institute of Intelligent Optoelectronics Pinghu314200 China

We propose an electronic-photonic (EP) co-designed scheme to enhance the modulation speed of thermo-optic (TO) phase shifters. We establish a small signal analysis model to optimize the TO phase shifter by compensating its thermal-response-limited low-pass behavior with an electric high-pass equalization circuit, thus expanding the modulation bandwidth. To prove its potential, we demonstrate an EP-converged frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) laser comprising an InP/Si3N4 hybrid integrated external cavity laser (ECL) driving with an electric equalization circuit. The small signal bandwidth of the TO phase shifter inside the laser cavity is enhanced from 10 kHz to 360 kHz with the equalization circuit. By driving the TO phase shifter, we generate an FMCW signal with a chirp bandwidth of 943 MHz at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The residual nonlinearity of the frequency chirp is reduced to 0.72% thanks to the pre-distortion technique, enabling a ranging precision of 8.1 cm over a 20 m distance. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Pulse repetition rate

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Sensitivity enhancement and Faraday Effect Compensation in dual-polarization Fiber Optic Rotational Seismometer 4

Sensitivity enhancement and Faraday Effect Compensation in d...

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Huang, Huimin Zhu, Lanxin Wang, Wenbo Chen, Yanjun Shi, Fangshuo Li, Zhengbin The State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks School of Electronics Peking University Beijing100871 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Seismology, as a crucial field of Earth science, is dedicated to understanding the internal structure of the Earth and crustal movements. In recent decades, rotational seismometers become increasingly mature, and rotational observations have found wide applications in various fields including natural earthquakes, engineering seismology, and volcano monitoring. With over 40 years of development, IFOGs have advantages such as low cost and fully solid-state, which have been widely applied in various fields, including inertial navigation, earthquake monitoring, precision measurement, and more. Currently, the development and application of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs have become a highly researched area of interest. In order to further improve the accuracy, it is necessary to study the accuracy degradation problem of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs in complex environments and explore effective solutions. This paper aims to address the environmental adaptability and sensitivity problem of high-precision rotational seismometers based on IFOGs and proposes a new structure based on polarization multiplexing and dual optic-fiber coils. The experimental results show that the proposed configuration provides up to a 90-fold suppression of magnetic error. The new configuration sensitivity reach 4.2 × 10-8 rad/s/√Hz. This structure provides a new option for constructing rotational seismometers with superior performance and strong environmental adaptability. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Seismographs

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Light Source Attacks on CMOS-Based QRNGs 4

Light Source Attacks on CMOS-Based QRNGs

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Zhang, Beibei Li, Lang Xu, Yuehan Wang, Tao Zeng, Guihua State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

QRNGs, which leverage quantum mechanical principles to generate random numbers, are widely utilized in information security and cryptography. This paper reviews various QRNG systems and their evolution, with a particular focus on the simple and efficient CMOS-based QRNG system. However, while current random number generation methods ensure randomness, they do not guarantee the security of the generated random numbers, especially in encryption applications. The results demonstrate that an attacker can manipulate the light source to inject attack signals, leading to an increase in the entropy value calculated by legitimate users. This allows the attacker to extract additional entropy information. Notably, the compromised random numbers still pass the NIST randomness tests, indicating a fundamental breach of the system's security. This paper proposes strategies for identifying and defending against such potential attacks, with the aim of enhancing the reliability and security of QRNG systems. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Chip-scale integrated optical gyroscope based on a multi-mode co-detection technique

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Photonics Research 2025年第2期13卷 319-329页

作者： SHUANG LIU JUNYI HU BINJIE LI BOYI XUE WENJIE WAN HUILIAN MA ZUYUAN HE School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint InstituteShanghai Jiao Tong University State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Gyroscopes are crucial components of inertial navigation systems, with ongoing development emphasizing miniaturization and enhanced accuracy. The recent advances in chip-scale optical gyroscopes utilizing integrated optics have attracted considerable attention, demonstrating significant advantages in achieving tactical-grade *** this paper, a new, to our knowledge, integrated optical gyroscope scheme based on the multi-mode co-detection technology is proposed, which takes the high-Q microcavity as its core sensitive element and uses the multi-mode characteristics of the microcavity to achieve the measurement of rotational angular velocity. This detection scheme breaks the tradition of optical gyroscopes based on a single mode within the sensitive ring to detect the angular rotation rate, which not only greatly simplifies the optical and electrical system of the optical gyroscope, but also has a higher detection accuracy. The gyroscope based on this detection scheme has successfully detected the Earth's rotation on a 9.2 mm diameter microcavity with a bias instability as low as 1 deg/h, which is the best performance among the chip-scale integrated optical gyroscopes known to us.

关键词： Effective refractive index Fiber optic gyroscopes Integrated optics Kerr effect optical systems Phase shift

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Imaging through Scattering Media via Optronic Convolutional Neural Network 4

Imaging through Scattering Media via Optronic Convolutional ...

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Tu, Luofei Huang, Zicheng Ma, Jiahui Guo, Zhishun Gao, Yesheng State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai200240 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

With the growing influence of machine learning, it brings benefits to the inverse problem of imaging through scattering media in computational imaging. This study introduces an innovative opto-electronic fully convolutional neural network (OP-FCNN) designed to enhance speckle reconstruction with reduced computational complexity. By integrating lens groups and spatial light modulators, the OP-FCNN performs essential functions like convolution and sampling in the optical domain, drastically lowering the computational demands compared to traditional digital methods. This approach not only improves imaging performance but also offers scalability and adaptability for various datasets. The findings indicate that the OP-FCNN represents a promising advancement toward efficient all-optical imaging systems through scattering media. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Imaging systems

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