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Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfides

Journal of Central South University 2017年第9期24卷 1986-1991页

作者：胡建华刘少军张瑞强胡琼 School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China State Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Resources Development and Utilization Technology Changsha 410012China Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University Shenzhen 518000China

Deformation characteristics and constitutive model of seafloor massive sulfide(SMS)were selected as the research ***/triaxial compression test were carried out on the mineral samples,and the deformation characteristics of specimens under various conditions were *** to characteristics of the mineral,a new three stages constitutive equation was *** conclusions are as follows:The axial strain,peak strain and maximum strength of seafloor massive sulfide increase with the confining *** elastic modulus of the metal sulfide samples is decreased sharply with the increase of confining *** to characteristics of seafloor massive sulfide,the constitutive equation is divided into three parts,the comparison between theoretical curves and experimental data shows that both of them are in good agreement,which also proves the correctness of the constitutive equation for uniaxial compression.

关键词： seafloor massive sulfide constitutive model failure characteristics damage uniaxial strain triaxial strain

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Experimental investigation of particle-induced pressure loss in solid–liquid lifting pipe

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第9期24卷 2114-2120页

作者：宋跃文朱小军孙志强唐达生 School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South University State Key Laboratory of the Exploration and Utilization of Deep-sea Mineral Resources(Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co.Ltd.)

In order to investigate the characteristics of particle-induced pressure loss in the solid–liquid lifting pipe,a series of experiments were conducted in 200 mm diameter lifting *** manganese nodules with five different mean diameters of10 mm,20 mm,30 mm,40 mm and 50 mm were used,both in isolation and a combination in equal fraction by *** flow velocities in the lifting pipe ranged from 0.12 m/s to 1.61 m/s,and the mass of particles employed was 10 kg for each particle *** regimes,wavy bed,partly fluidization,and fully fluidization,were observed over the flow *** solid–liquid pressure drop data were measured by differential pressure transmitter,and pressure drop caused by the solid particles was calculated and *** results show that the evolutions of the pressure loss due to solid particles are relevant to the solid–liquid flow regimes,and they are distinctly influenced by fluid velocity and particle size.

关键词： lifting pipe pressure loss simulation manganese nodules flow regimes

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Effects of Particle Diameter on Erosion Wear Characteristic of deep-sea Mining Pump

Effects of Particle Diameter on Erosion Wear Characteristic ...

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作者： Wen Hao Liu Shao-jun Zou Wei-sheng Hu Xiao-zhou Dong Zhe College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University National Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Researches Development and Utilization Technology Shenzhen Far East Marine Minerals Exploitation Research Institute Co. Ltd. Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Equipage Hunan University

The wear characteristics of the deep-sea mining pump was *** Euler-Lagrange coupling model,RNG k-s turbulence model and Finnie wear model were used to simulate the solid-liquid two phase flow in the *** influence of particle size on the wear characteristics of hydraulic components was analyzed when the particle volume concentration was 5.14%.The results demonstrate that the wear rate of the impeller is faster than that of the *** wear rate of the shroud is the fastest,followed by the blade and the wear rate of the hub is the *** particle size of10 mm is appropriate for this model,resulting in less *** the simulation results with the experimental results,it is found that the simulation results of the pump external characteristics are consistent with the experimental results in the same condition,indicating the validity and correctness of the simulation ***,suggestions about the design of deep-sea mining pump are put forward.

关键词： deep ocean mining slurry pump numerical simulation solid-phase two-phase flow Finnie wear model erosion characteristics

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deep-sea Mining Pump Wear Prediction Using Numerical two-phase Flow Simulation

Deep-Sea Mining Pump Wear Prediction Using Numerical two-pha...

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作者： Liu Shao-jun Wen Hao Zou Wei-sheng Hu Xiao-zhou Dong Zhe Shenzhen Far East Marine Minerals Exploitation Research Institute Co. Ltd College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University National Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Researches Development and Utilization Technology Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Equipage Hunan University

In view of the wear problem of deep-sea mining pump,Euler-Lagrange two-phase flow model was applied to simulate the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the pump,and compared with the experimental results to verify the accuracy of the *** wear model was utilized to predict the wear rate of the hydraulic components of deep-sea mining pump under different flow rates,rotational speed and different particle *** results are shown that the wear rate of the impeller increases along with the increase of the flow rate,but that of the guide vanes is not obviously *** is distinct part between the vane type slurry pump and volute type slurry *** the speed or particle concentration increases,the wear rate of the machine surface in the pump rapidly *** wear rate of the impeller hydraulic components is faster than that of the of the guide *** on the design principle of equal life,the hydraulic components of impeller should be made by more wear-resistant material.

关键词： deep-sea mining numerical simulation slurry erosion wear

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Patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon fractions and persistence in coastal wetlands of China

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CATENA 2025年 257卷

作者： Lele Wu Zhaoliang Song Xinyu Zhang Yuan Guo Yidong Wang Changxun Yu Yunying Fang Iain P. Hartley Ji Chen Shaopan Xia Xiaoguang Ouyang Wenhai Mi Ding He Cong-Qiang Liu Hailong Wang Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University Tianjin China Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Tianjin Normal University Tianjin 300387 China Department of Biology and Environmental Science Linnaeus University Kalmar Sweden Australian Rivers Institute School of Environment and Science Griffith University Nathan 4111 Australia Geography College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710061 China Department of Agroecology Aarhus University 8830 Tjele Denmark Institute of Resource Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 China Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China Research Centre of Ecology & Environment for Coastal Area and Deep Sea Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458 China Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development School of Ecology Environment and Resources Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225127 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan University Foshan China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Po

Coastal wetlands have disproportionately high carbon (C) sequestration rates and long-term sustainable C sequestration capacity, contributing to the mitigation of global climate change. Previous studies have mainly focused on the assessment of bulk soil organic C (SOC) in coastal wetlands, neglecting the form in which C is stored, its stability and driving factors, which hinders our in-depth understanding of C sequestration capacity and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we sampled 157 plots across coastal wetlands in China, covering tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates to gain a detailed understanding of the distribution, stability, and control mechanisms of SOC fractions. Our results showed that the SOC in the topsoil (0–10 cm) was co-dominated by mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) and particulate organic C (POC) in mudflats, temperate and subtropical salt marshes, and subtropical mangroves, but not in tropical mangroves. The content of dissolved organic C (DOC, 0.12 ± 0.08 g kg −1 ) was only 1.15 ± 0.06 % of bulk SOC. The POC became more dominant relative to MAOC and DOC as SOC content increased. We found that soil properties (total nitrogen, bulk density, and particle size, etc), were the primary explanatory variables for SOC fractions content and persistence, accounting for 58 %, 64 %, 38 %, 53 %, and 34 % of total variation in MAOC, POC, DOC, MAOC/SOC, and C/N, respectively. Although climate and vegetation factors did not directly control C contents in soil matrix and persistence, they interacted strongly with edaphic variables explaining 8 %, 16 %, 11 %, 12 %, and 13 % of the total variation in the above variables, respectively. Our results suggest that the increase in SOC, especially POC, reduced its persistence, so the implementation of C management strategies in coastal wetlands should integrate SOC sequestration and stability to maximize benefits.

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Crystal fractionation of granitic magma during its non-transport processes： A physics-based perspective

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第2期61卷 190-204页

作者： CHEN Chen DING Xing LI Rui ZHANG WeiQi OUYANG DongJian YANG Lei SUN WeiDong CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China State Key Laboratory of Lithospherie Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of Oceanography Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao 266237 China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Granitic continental crust distinguishes the Earth from other planets in the Solar System. Consequently, for understanding terrestrial continent development, it is of great significance to investigate the formation and evolution of *** fractionation is one of principal magma evolution mechanisms. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether crystal fractionation can effectively proceed in felsic magma systems because of the high viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior associated with granitic magmas. In this paper, we focus on the physical processes and evaluate the role of crystal fractionation in the evolution of granitic magmas during non-transport processes, i.e., in magma chambers and after emplacement. Based on physical calculations and analyses, we suggest that general mineral particles can settle only at tiny speed(~10^(-9)–10^(-7) m s^(-1))in a granitic magma body due to high viscosity of the magma; however, the cumulating can be interrupted with convection in magma chambers, and the components of magma chambers will tend to be homogeneous. Magma convection ceases once the magma chamber develops into a mush(crystallinity, F>~40–50%). The interstitial melts can be extracted by hindered settling and compaction, accumulating gradually and forming a highly silicic melt layer. The high silica melts can further evolve into high-silica granite or high-silica rhyolite. At various crystallinities, multiple rejuvenation of the mush and the following magma intrusion may generate a granite complex with various components. While one special type of granites, represented by the South China lithium-and fluoride-rich granite, has lower viscosity and solidus relative to general granitic magmas, and may form vertical zonation in mineral-assemblage and composition through crystal fractionation. Similar fabrics in general intrusions that show various components on small lengthscales are not the result of gravitational settling. Rather, the flowage differentiation may pla

关键词： Granite Crystal fractionation Magma convection Layering structure Mush model Highly fractionated granite Granite complex Li-F granite

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Nanogeology in China:A review

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China Geology 2018年第2期1卷 286-303页

作者： Yi-wen Ju Cheng Huang Yan Sun Cai-neng Zou Hong-ping He Quan Wan Xue-qiu Wang Xian-cai Lu Shuang-fang Lu Jian-guang Wu Hong-tai Chao Hai-ling Liu Jie-shan Qiu Fei Huang Hong-jian Zhu Jian-chao Cai Yue Sun Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics Chinese Academy of SciencesCollege of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology of South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesCruangzhou 510301China Carbon Research Laboratory School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116012China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep MetalMines School of Resources and Civil EngineeringNorthwestern UniversityShenyang 110819China Institute of Geophysies and Geomatics China University ofGeosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences and Engineering State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits ResearchNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration CAGSKey Laboratory of Geochemical ExplorationMinistry of Land and ResourcesLangfang 065000China Research Institute of UnconventionalPetroleum and Renewable Energy Chinese University of Petroleum (East China)Qingdao 266580China China United CoalbedMethane Co. Ltd.Beijing 100011China Earthquake Administration of Shandong Province Jinan 250014China

Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science,and it has been a frontier field in recent *** is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science,which is also an evitable path in the development of *** this paper,we elaborate the concept,feature and main subdisciplines,and summarize three stages ofnanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in *** summarizing the researchers'achievements in this field,we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight *** the basis of the above content,we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in *** are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits,such as research of geologic fundamental problems,resource exploration and development,mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters),mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and *** has a great potential in China to solve all of these *** a result,the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and *** offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people's livelihoods,such as the prediction of geological activities,as well as resource dislribution and its exploration and utilization.

关键词： Nanogeology Nanoparticle Nanostructure Scientific frontier Research progress Research prospect

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development of Mining technology and Equipment for seafloor Massive Sulfide Deposits

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2016年第5期29卷 863-870页

作者： LIU Shaojun HU Jianhua ZHANG Ruiqiang DAI Yu YANG Hengling College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Shenzhen Research Institute Central South University Shenzhen 518000 China State Key Laboratory of Deep Sea Mineral Resources Development and Utilization Technology Changsha 410012 China

seafloor massive sulfide（SMS） deposits which consist of Au, Ag, Cu, and other metal elements, have been a target of commercial mining in recent decades. The demand for established and reliable commercial mining system for SMS deposits is increasing within the marine mining industry. The current status and progress of mining technology and equipment for SMS deposits are introduced. First, the mining technology and other recent developments of SMS deposits are comprehensively explained and analyzed. The seafloor production tools manufactured by Nautilus minerals and similar mining tools from Japan for SMS deposits are compared and discussed in turn. Second, SMS deposit mining technology research being conducted in China is described, and a new SMS deposits mining tool is designed according to the environmental requirement. Finally, some new trends of mining technology of SMS deposits are summarized and analyzed. All of these conclusions and results have reference value and guiding significance for the research of SMS deposit mining in China.

关键词： deep sea mining equipment mining key technology seafloor massive sulfide deposits new technology

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A new method for characterizing particle crushing of cobalt crust based on Fractal theory 26

A new method for characterizing particle crushing of cobalt ...

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26th Annual International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE 2016

作者： Li, Manhong Li, Xiaoyan Tang, Hongping Zheng, Hao Peng, Jianpin Li, Jun Xiao, Hong State Key Laboratory of Exploitation Utilization of Deep Sea Mineral Resources Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co. Ltd. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653883

Fractal dimension is one of the physical parameters that can reflect ore and rock fragmentation degrees. By summarizing the inherent law of particle breakage, this paper proposed a new method for characterizing the particle crushing of cobalt crust. Linear slope and correlation coefficient for particle size distribution in log-log coordinate are chosen as the key parameters. To verify the applicability of the method, a large amount of laboratory test were conducted. In the tests, cutting depth, rotating frequency, traveling speed were controlled. Test result show that the granularity of crushed cobalt-rich crust has clear fractal property, a quite good linear fitting can be obtained by the proposed model. Thereafter, the relations among fractal dimension and cutting depth, rotating frequency, traveling speed were analyzed. The outcome of this paper may have significant meaning in application. © Copyright 2016 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Fractal dimension

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Experimental study on optimum transport velocity for deep-sea mining pipeline transportation 26

Experimental study on optimum transport velocity for deep-se...

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26th Annual International Ocean and Polar Engineering Conference, ISOPE 2016

作者： Xiao, Hong Liu, Yuwei Tang, Dasheng Li, Xiaoyan State Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Deep Sea Mineral Resources Changsha Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Co. Ltd. Changsha Hunan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653883

On the stage of pre commercial exploitation, the safety and economic cost become the main research content in the study of deep-sea mining pipeline transportation technical. The laboratory has been established to study on the deep-sea mining pipeline transportation for a long time. Based on the results of these research, the experimental study of different particle size and concentrations for artificial manganese nodules had been carried out in the test system. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Resistance loss in different particle size and concentration, 2. The best ratio of particle size and concentration, 3. The Empirical formula of the optimal transport velocity. © Copyright 2016 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Particle size

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