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2013 International Conference on Materials for Renewable Energy and Environment, ICMREE 2013

作者： Ji, Xianbing Xue, Qiang Xu, Jiliang Xu, Jia State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer North China Electric Power University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479933365

Experiments were conducted to study pool boiling heat transfer on ultra-light porous metal foam surfaces, with deionized water as working fluid. The metal foams have pore densities from 30 to 60ppi (pores per inch) and thickness from 2.0 to 5.0mm. The effects of heat flux, surface superheat, liquid temperature and characteristic parameters of metal foam on pool boiling heat transfer were investigated. It is found that metal foam surfaces can significantly enhance pool boiling heat transfer and lower the surface superheat at the boiling incipience. Pore density and thickness exists an optimal value to strengthen boiling heat transfer. The boiling heat transfer coefficient on the metal foam surfaces is about 2∼3 times of those on the plain surfaces. The significant reasons are due to the distinct nature of high porosity and multi-scale pore sizes of metal foams. The larger pores help to release the created vapor while the smaller pores help to suck the liquid toward the heater surface, decreasing the shear stress at the vapor-liquid interface for the counter-current flow. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Heat transfer

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Numerical simulation of the multi-component slurry gasification with the non-premixed combustion model

Numerical simulation of the multi-component slurry gasificat...

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2013 Spring International Conference on Material Sciences and Technology, MST-S 2013

作者： Li, Xing Xing Yi, Chun Hai Yang, Bo Lun Zhang, Yong Men, Chang Gui He, Gen Liang Xu, Hong Dong Department of Chemical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Northwest Research Institute of Chemical Industry Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783037857090

Considering the volumetric reactions and particle surface reactions in an entrained flow gasifier, the non-premixed combustion model based on the wet particles combustion method is adopted to simulate the multi-component slurry gasification process with FLUENT software. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles of the gas products in the gasifier are obtained. Simulated results agree well with the commercial data, which verified the validity and applicability of the present model. Simultaneously, the reaction subarea in the gasifier has turned out to be obvious, the water evaporation, volatiles cracking and combustion reactions mainly appear in the jet region of the gasifier, the char gasification mainly appear in the freeboard region, but few reactions appear in the recirculation region. Moreover, with the increase of the mass fraction of the multi-component slurry, the content of the syngas at the gasifier outlet increases, while with the oxygen carbon atom ratio increasing, the syngas yield is rising early but declining later. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.

关键词： Surface reactions

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Sensitive measurement of trace mercury using low pressure laser-induced plasma

Sensitive measurement of trace mercury using low pressure la...

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作者： Wang, Zhenzhen Deguchi, Yoshihiro Kuwahara, Masakazu Zhang, Xiaobo Yan, Junjie Liu, Jiping State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science University of Tokushima Tokushima 770-8501 Japan

The emission of trace heavy metals, such as mercury (Hg), from power plants and other industries is a severe environmental problem concerning the public health. The laser-induced plasma technique was employed to measure Hg under various conditions, which reveals several merits of this method at low pressure. The main interferences of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), which include the black-body-like emission from plasma itself and coexisting molecular and atomic emissions, decreased significantly using low pressure laser-induced plasma. Under low pressure conditions, Hg signal was rather clear without serious influence even if there is no delay time from the laser irradiation, which means the gated detection device is not necessary. This method featured the detection limit of 0.3 ppm at pressure 700 Pa. Additionally, the feasible of this method in real applications was demonstrated by measuring Hg in combustion gas which performed preferable results. © 2013 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.

关键词： Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Performance by Doping Tantalum Ions in Hematite （a-Fe2O3） Nanorod Photoanodes

Enhancement of Photoelectrochemical Performance by Doping Ta...

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International Conference on Nanoscience & Technology,China 2013(ChinaNANO 2013)

作者： Yanming Fu Liang Zhao Shaohua Shen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

Ta-doped hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanorod array electrodes were successfully prepared on FTO substrates using the conventional method by adding TaCl 5 in the aqueous solution directly. With the increasing of TaCl 5 dopant content, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity of the Ta-dopedα-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod films firstly increased and then decreased. Compared with the undoped α-Fe2O3 nanorod films, the optimal content of Ta-doped hematite sample showed about 3.5 times higher photoelectrochemical activity under the irradiation of solar light (AM 1.5, 100 mW·cm-2), as high as 0.53 mA·cm -2 at 0.5V vs. SCE(saturated calomel electrode) in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 . In order to analyze the mechanism of tantalum ions in changing the photoelectrode performance, all films were characterized by Raman spectra, UV-visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum(EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results reveal that at low Ta doping contents, small amount of Ta is dopedinto the nanorods of α-Fe 2 O 3 films and the photocurrent improvement is mainly attributed to the reduced electron-hole recombination in the α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorod *** at high Ta doping contents, superfluous Ta dopant forms a thick tantalum oxide layer and the layer completely covers the nanorods of α-Fe 2 O 3 films. This special surface structure reduces the number of photogenerated electrons (or holes) and weakens the charge transfer ability to raise the surface charge recombination of α-Fe 2 O 3 nanorods, leading to the decreased photoelectrochemical activity.

关键词： α-Fe 2 O 3 , nanorods, photoelectrochemical, doping

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Effect of flow acceleration on deformation and adhesion dynamics of captured cells

Effect of flow acceleration on deformation and adhesion dyna...

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作者： He, L. Luo, Z.Y. Xu, F. Bai, B.F. State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center Xi'An Jiaotong University China Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering School of Life Science and Technology Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Cell deformation and adhesion under shear flows play an important role in both cell migration in vivo and capture based microfluidic devices in vitro. Adhesion dynamics of captured cell (e.g., firm adhesion, cell rolling and cell detachment) under steady shear flows have been studied extensively. However, cell adhesion under accelerating flows is common both in vivo and in vitro, and dynamics of cell adhesion under accelerating flows remains unknown. As such, we used a mathematical model based on the front tracking method and investigated the effect of flow acceleration on deformation and adhesion dynamics of captured cells, including cell deformation index, cell shape evolution, the velocities of cell center, contact time and wall shear stress for cell rolling and detachment by using a series of parameter values for leukocyte. The results showed that the cell presented three dynamics states (i.e., firm adhesion, rolling and detachment) with increasing wall shear stress under uniform flows. Wall shear stresses were 1.12 Pa for firm adhesion and detachment, respectively. The wall shear stresses were at the range 1.48-1.63 Pa (higher than 1.12 Pa) when cell left the bottom surface of the channel under flow accelerations (a = 0.975-1.625 m/s2). The minimum of deformation index under accelerating flow was smaller than that under uniform flow. In conclusion, the flow acceleration promotes the deformation and adhesion of captured cells. These findings could further the understanding of cell migration in vivo and promote the development of capture based microfluidic devices in vitro. © World Scientific Publishing Company.

关键词： Cells

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Numerical research of dynamic characteristics in tower solar cavity receiver based on step-change radiation flux

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1547卷 746-757页

作者： Zhengwei Chen Yueshe Wang Yun Hao Qizhi Wang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an China and Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle 100076 Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an China

The solar cavity receiver is an important light-energy to thermal-energy convector in the tower solar thermal power plant system. The heat flux in the inner surface of the cavity will show the characteristics of non-continuous step change especially in non-normal and transient weather conditions, which may result in a continuous dynamic variation of the characteristic parameters. Therefore, the research of dynamic characteristics of the receiver plays a very important role in the operation and the control safely in solar cavity receiver system. In this paper, based on the non-continuous step change of radiation flux, a non-linear dynamic model is put forward to obtain the effects of the non-continuous step change radiation flux and step change feed water flow on the receiver performance by sequential modular approach. The subject investigated in our study is a 1MW solar power station constructed in Yanqing County, Beijing. This study has obtained the dynamic responses of the characteristic parameters in the cavity receiver, such as drum pressure, drum water level, main steam flow and main steam enthalpy under step change radiation flux. And the influence law of step-change feed water flow to the dynamic characteristics in the receiver also has been analyzed. The results have a reference value for the safe operation and the control in solar cavity receiver system.

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Graphitic carbon nitride modified by silicon for improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production

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Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology V - 36th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, ICACC 2012

作者： Wu, Po Shi, Jinwen Chen, Jie Wang, Bin Guo, Liejin International Research Center for Solar-Hydrogen Renewable and Clean Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 28 West Xianning Street Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781118205976

In this work, composites of silica and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were conveniently synthesized through polymerization of melamine and ethyl silicate. Some basic physicochemical properties of these metal-free photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. The XRD patterns of all the prepared materials were dominated by the characteristic (002) peak at 27.5° of a graphitic structure, indicating that the induced Si did not destroy the crystal structure of g-C3N4). As the initial molar ratio of Si to C increased, enhanced photocatalytic activity was observed for H2 evolution from a triethanolamine aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation over the series of composites. It was proved that the introduction of Si resulted in large surface area, which is favorable for reactant-transfer and charge-migration, beneficial for photocatalysis.

关键词： X ray diffraction

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Interaction contributions in thermal conductivity of three-dimensional complex liquids

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1547卷 173-180页

作者： Aamir Shahzad Mao-Gang He State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University and Department of Physics Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF) Allama Iqbal Road 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

This work generalizes Evans' homogenous nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (HNEMD) algorithm for computing the thermal conductivity of strongly-coupled complex (dusty) plasma liquids (SCCDPLs) described by the Yukawa potential. The effects of external field strength along with different screening strengths on the conductivity of Yukawa liquids have investigated using HNEMD simulations. We have carried out some more linear and nonlinear molecular dynamics calculations of the thermal conductivity, and the obtained simulation results of SCCDPLs are presented for various plasma coupling and screening parameters. Our calculations show that Yukawa liquid exhibits a non-Newtonian behavior that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing field strength which explains interaction contributions in Yukawa conductivity, for the first time. The simulation results obtained with different external filed strengths are in reasonable agreement with earlier simulation results and with reference set of data showed deviations within less than ±10% for most of the present data point. It is shown that new simulations extended the range of field strength (0.001≤F*≤0.1) used in the earlier studies in order to find out the size of the linear regimes and to explain the nature of nonlinearity of SCCDPLs.

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Enhanced Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides with Deactivation of spbA and hupSL

Enhanced Photosynthetic Hydrogen Production of Rhodobacter s...

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第五届世界氢能技术大会(WHTC2013)

作者： Xueqing Wang Honghui Yang Yang Zhang Liejin Guo State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi''an Jiaotong University China

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Corrigendum to “Entrainment at T-junction: A review work” [Prog. Nucl. Energy 70 (January 2014) 221–241]

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Progress in Nuclear Energy 2014年 71卷 279-279页

作者： Zhaoming Meng Laishun Wang Wenxi Tian Suizheng Qiu Guanghui Su School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No. 28 Xianning West Road Xi'an 710049 China

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