Experiments were carried out to study gas-liquid two-phase flow through a horizontally mounted Venturi nozzle. The inner diameter of pipe is 25 mm and the throat diameter of Venturi nozzle is 5. 1 mm. The pressure dif...
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Experiments were carried out to study gas-liquid two-phase flow through a horizontally mounted Venturi nozzle. The inner diameter of pipe is 25 mm and the throat diameter of Venturi nozzle is 5. 1 mm. The pressure difference and pressure loss across the nozzle were measured. It was found that the degree of pressure fluctuation strongly depends on the gas quality. However,the relationship between the standard deviation of pressure difference and the gas quality is not monotonous. Multiple solutions may occur when the relationship was used to determine gas quality. On the other hand,the standard deviation of pressure loss was found to be monotonously correlated to X. This phenomenon was applied to measured gas quality. Also a modified Lin's equation is proposed to calculate the two-phase flow rate. The experimental measurements agree well with the predicted values.
ABO3-based photocatalysts for water splitting were systematically reviewed in this manuscript. Crystal structure and chemical composition characteristics of ABO3materials were briefly introduced to guide the modificat...
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ABO3-based photocatalysts for water splitting were systematically reviewed in this manuscript. Crystal structure and chemical composition characteristics of ABO3materials were briefly introduced to guide the modification of ABOrbased *** ABO3-based photocatalysts were then reviewed in detail and divided into four groups based on the employed modification strategies,i.e.,chemical component adjustment,micro-/nano-structure adjustment,local lattice structure adjustment,and application of the modification strategy of ABO3photocatalysts in designing *** this section,the recent research works on ABOrbased photocatalysts in our group were ***, application of ABO3photocatalysts in Z-scheme systems for overall water splitting was *** review summarized the development of ABOrbased photoaitalysts and showed the values and possible direction of future research,thereby ottering a guide for photocatalytic water splitting.
Compressed natural gas (CNG) has been widely used in city buses or taxis because of its relatively low price and great abundance. Most of the CNG engines externally mix the natural gas with the intake air and utilize ...
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The transcritical CO2 ejector refrigeration cycle (TERC) is a complex, highly nonlinear and strong coupling system, which is usually very difficult to apply advanced control *** order to solve the problem, a linear dy...
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The transcritical CO2 ejector refrigeration cycle (TERC) is a complex, highly nonlinear and strong coupling system, which is usually very difficult to apply advanced control *** order to solve the problem, a linear dynamic model is *** this paper, a nonlinear model is developed using the traditional methods, firstly.
For many centuries, each generation gave to their offspring the same World that they received from their parents. The water in the rivers, seas, and oceans was clear; the forests were free to grow; and nature was empt...
For many centuries, each generation gave to their offspring the same World that they received from their parents. The water in the rivers, seas, and oceans was clear; the forests were free to grow; and nature was empty of garbage. But everything has changed in just the last 250 years: year by year, while standards-of living increased, the Earth became a worse place for living, with less natural resources and more pollution.
An ever growing demand for energy coupled with increasing pollution is forcing us to seek environmentally clean alternative energy resources to substitute fossil *** rapid development of nanomaterials has opened up ne...
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An ever growing demand for energy coupled with increasing pollution is forcing us to seek environmentally clean alternative energy resources to substitute fossil *** rapid development of nanomaterials has opened up new avenues for the conversion and utilization of renewable *** article reviews nanostructured materials designed for selected applications in renewable energy conversion and *** review is based on the authors’ research,with particular focus on solar hydrogen production,hydrogen storage and hydrogen *** topics include photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage,and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).It is expected that the rational design of nanomaterials could play an important role in achieving a renewable energy based economy in the coming decades.
The corrugated packing is prone to break down easily, which can affect the tower efficiency substantially. It is the inner environment of the vacuum distillation tower including the temperature and chemical nature of ...
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The corrugated packing is prone to break down easily, which can affect the tower efficiency substantially. It is the inner environment of the vacuum distillation tower including the temperature and chemical nature of fluid that lead to the packing damage. The theoretical analysis indicates that it is the inner material flow of vacuum distillation tower that leads to the vibration of packing, which can affect the corrosion fatigue of packing significantly. Meanwhile, the modal shape and inherent frequency of packing under prestress can be obtained by means of mathematical analysis. Based on the two kinds of analysis, the flow induced vibration and corrosion fatigue are accountable for the failure of packing.
Gas-oil-water two-or three-phase flow is widely encountered in industry, such as petroleum chemical industry, bio-chemicals, food chemicals, and mineral engineering and energy projects. Two kinds of on-line measuremen...
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Gas-oil-water two-or three-phase flow is widely encountered in industry, such as petroleum chemical industry, bio-chemicals, food chemicals, and mineral engineering and energy projects. Two kinds of on-line measurement technique, which are double-ring conductance sensor and double-helical capacitance sensor, for water fraction in oil-water two-phase flow and gas-oil-water three-phase flow were developed in this paper. The calibration results shows that the responses of the two sensors are good enough as the variation of water fraction. And on the other hand, it is possible that the oil and the gas regard as one phase in gas-oil-water three-phase flow by using double-helical capacitance sensor, and the ratio between water and gas has no effect with the output signal. The range of water fraction which can be measured becomes bigger and bigger because of the using of new circuit. So the capacitance sensor is better enough to measure water fraction in the three phases flow. During dynamic experiment, because of phase inversion phenomenon between oil and water, the conductance sensor outputs poorly, however the capacitance sensor performs somewhat fine. The reason for the error using capacitance sensor is the edge effect of the capacitance. The experiment results show that the edge effect of the double-helical capacitance sensor causes that the output is smaller so that the measuring water fraction is a litter larger than the actual value. And when the variation of water fraction is above 10%, the edge effect of capacitance sensor can be almost neglected. On the contrary, when the variation of water fraction is below 10%, the edge effect is so lager than the results above that it cannot be ignored. Consequently, the double-helical capacitance probe is more suitable for measuring water fraction in slug flow and oil-water emulsion, in which the results agree better with static calibration than that in bubble flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
For highly efficient solving of the power dissipation problem of electronic components with high heat flux, experimental study of the flow-jet combined boiling heat transfer on silicon chips was conducted. Micro-pin-f...
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A type of capacitance probe performance with two brass electrodes intertwined on the outer wall of insulation pipe like a double helix is investigated numerically in this paper, which can measure water fraction in air...
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A type of capacitance probe performance with two brass electrodes intertwined on the outer wall of insulation pipe like a double helix is investigated numerically in this paper, which can measure water fraction in air-oil-water two or three-phase flow in oil industry. The motivation of this paper is to optimize this kind of probe to improve its electric response and spatial resolution and so a 3-D numerical simulation using finite element method is employed to evaluate the effect of electrodes configuration of this capacitance probe on measuring water fraction in horizontal pipes. The electrostatic field of the probe is preliminarily analyzed referred to stratified flow of air-water two-phase flow regime. Several parameters are considered as main variables which have an important effect on the precision of the probe, such as central angle, position angle and length of the two electrodes. From the electrostatic field analysis, lumped capacitance between the two electrodes is obtained in every different electrode geometry model and the results of each model are compared to each other in order to select a better arrangement of the electrodes that has a better response to water fraction. And by using circuit simulation method, the numerical calculated lumped capacitance is transferred to voltage output through the circuit used in the experiment. The relationship between voltage and water fraction of calculated and experimental result are compared in order to test the reasonableness of the simulation. The results show that at high water fraction, the difference between numerical and measured data agrees very well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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