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Rapid calculation for density of water and steam on p-T thermodynamic surface

Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and engineering 2012年第SUPPL.期20卷 190-198页

作者： An, Bin Wang, Xiaodong Duan, Yuanyuan Wang, Zhixue State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper develops a rapid calculation method for thermodynamic properties of water and steam on p-T thermodynamic surface with 273.16K

关键词： Steam

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TiO2-SnO2:F interfacial electronic structure investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Physical Review B 2012年第12期85卷 125109-125109页

作者： Coleman X. Kronawitter Mukes Kapilashrami Jonathan R. Bakke Stacey F. Bent Cheng-Hao Chuang Way-Faung Pong Jinghua Guo Lionel Vayssieres Samuel S. Mao Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Environmental Energy Technologies Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui Taiwan Republic of China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 People's Republic of China

The electronic structure of the titanium dioxide (TiO2)-fluorine-doped tin dioxide (SnO2:F) interface is investigated by soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation. The measurements probe the site- and symmetry-selected unoccupied density of states and reflect the interaction between an early transition-metal-oxide (d0) semiconductor and a post-transition-metal-oxide (d10) degenerate semiconductor. The distinct interfacial electronic structure of TiO2-SnO2:F is established by contrasting spectra with those for anatase and rutile TiO2, SnO2:F, and ZnO-SnO2:F and CdO-SnO2:F interfaces. Oxygen 1s absorption spectra, which relate to the O 2p partial density of states of the conduction band, indicate that the interface is associated with a reduction in Ti d-O p orbital hybridization and an alteration of the TiO2 crystal field. These observations are consistent with measured titanium 2p absorption spectra, which in addition provide evidence for distortion of long-range order around the cation site in the interfacial TiO2. The TiO2-SnO2:F interface is a functional component of a number of optoelectronic devices, perhaps most notably within the anode structure of solar cell architectures. In nonequilibrium conditions, such as those found in operating solar cells, interfacial electronic structure directly influences performance by modifying, for instance, the quasi-Fermi level electrons and the potential distribution at the transparent electrode.

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Electrochemical Treatment of Pentachlorophenol on Ni-Sb-SnO2/Ti Electrodes

Electrochemical Treatment of Pentachlorophenol on Ni-Sb-SnO2...

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2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection(ISWREP 2011)

作者： Wang Yun-Hai Zhou Zhe Chen Qing-Yun Zhao Jing-Lian State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University

ISBN: (纸本)9781612843377

Nickel and antimony doped tin dioxide (NATO) coated titanium electrodes are prepared and tested for electrochemical treatment of pentachlorophenol (PCP).The effect of nickel content on the electrochemical activity is studied using PCP as target organic *** nickel content has an optimized value for the *** NATO is characterized and the relationship between activity and oxygen to tin atomic ratio is discussed.

关键词： nickel and antimony doped tin dioxide electrochemical pentachlorophenol

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Improved photocatalytic H2 evolution from inorganic/organic sacrificial solution over Ni-doped (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S 2 photocatalysts

Improved photocatalytic H2 evolution from inorganic/organic ...

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2011 MRS Spring Meeting

作者： Zhang, Xianghui Jing, Dengwei Guo, Liejin State Key Lab of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781618395238

The Ni-doped (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S2 photocatalysts were prepared via a two-step ultrasonic-hydrothermal method under an environmental-friendly condition. XRD pattern profiles suggested that Ni2+ successfully doped into (CuIn)0.2Zn 1.6S2 lattice. UV-Vis spectra indicated that the optical properties of the photocatalysts greatly depended on the amount of Ni doped. SEM images show that the samples were microspheres. The microsphere structures were gradually damaged with the increment of Ni doping amount. The photoactivity of (CuIn)0.2Zn1.6S2 was enhanced when Ni 2+ was doped into the crystal structure. The H2 evolution performance over the prepared samples from inorganic/organic sacrificial solution was systematic investigated. © 2011 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Microspheres

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Analysis of CHF in saturated forced convective boiling on a heated surface with impinging jets using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm

Analysis of CHF in saturated forced convective boiling on a ...

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作者： Cong, Tenglong Chen, Ronghua Su, Guanghui Qiu, Suizheng Tian, Wenxi School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

In this paper, a three-layer Back Propagation (BP) algorithm artificial neural network (ANN) for predicting critical heat flux (CHF) in saturated forced convective boiling on a heated surface with impinging jets was trained successfully with a root mean square (RMS) error of 17.39%. The input parameters of the ANN are liquid-to-vapor density ratio, ρl/ ρv, the ratio of characteristic dimension of the heated surface to the diameter of the impinging jet, L/d, reciprocal of the Weber number, 2σ/ρlu2(L - d), and the number of impinging jets, Nj. The output is dimensionless heat flux, qco/ ρvHfgu. Based on the trained ANN, the influence of principal parameters on CHF has been analyzed as follows. CHF increases with an increase in jet velocity and decreases with an increase in L/d and N j. CHF increases with an increase in pressure at first and then decreases. Besides, a new correlation was generalized using genetic algorithm (GA) as a comparison with ANN to confirm the advantage of ANN. © 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Heat flux

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Numerical computation of aerodynamic noise reduction by using ultra-light porous metals

Numerical computation of aerodynamic noise reduction by usin...

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International Conference on Transportation engineering

作者： Liu, Hanru Wei, Jinjia State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an China Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784411841

As the speed of high-speed train (HST) increases continuously, aerodynamic noise has become more important compared with the wheel/rail noise, which affects the inhabited environment around the railway and the comfort of passengers. This paper preliminarily investigates the feasibility of reducing the low Mach number aerodynamic noise by using ultra-light porous metals. The noise generated by the flow around a two-dimensional circular cylinder which is the typical unit of pantographs, was simulated with and without a porous media. The hybrid method that combines large eddy simulation (LES) with Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) equation was employed. The calculated overall sound pressure level (OASPL), vortex shedding frequency and time-average drag coefficient agree well with available experimental data. Then, the effects of porosity and the speed of train on the aerodynamic noise were predicted and explained in view of fluid mechanics. The numerical results indicate that the open cell-type porous media with high porosity can modify and regularize the fluid flow, adjust the vortex shedding frequency, leading to a significant reduction of aerodynamic noise. © 2011 ASCE.

关键词： Porous materials

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Radiant performance of opacifiers in opcifier-loaded silica aerogel-based composites

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Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and engineering 2012年第SUPPL.期20卷 181-189页

作者： Sun, Duo Wang, Xiaodong Duan, Yuanyuan Zhao, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Department of Thermal Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer for Low Grade Energy North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of MOE Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Since the opacifier-loaded silica aerogel composites have strong ability to inhibit radiant heat transfer compared to the pure silica aerogel, they can improve effectively the insulation performance at high temperature conditions and have been used extensively as thermal insulation materials in a variety of industrial applications. This paper developed a theoretical model to predict the radiant performance of opacifiers by using the Mie scattering theory, Beer law and a radiant heat transfer equations. The model was used to calculate the radiant performance of carbon black opacifier with various particle diameters and the radiant performance of three opacifiers, carbon black, SiC and ZrO2. The results showed that the opacifier-loaded silica aerogel composites had much higher extinction coefficient than the pure silica aerogel in a range of 3-7.5 μm wave band or in medium and high temperature ranges, which significantly improved the insulation performance of composites. With a fixed opacifier mass fraction, the optimal particle diameter was 2-3 μm for carbon black opacifier. Among the three opacifiers, carbon black opacifier had better opaque property than that of SiC and ZrO2 opacifiers. Due to poor thermostability for carbon black opacifier at high temperature conditions, the optimal material design for opacifier-loaded silica aerogel composites should be as follows: SiC or ZrO2 are added on high temperature side of aerogel and carbon black is added on low temperature side.

关键词： Thermal conductivity

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Study of the effective influence distance of longitudinal vortex in narrow rectangular channel

Study of the effective influence distance of longitudinal vo...

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International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring

作者： Huang, Jun Huang, Yan-Ping Ma, Jian Wang, Qiu-Wang Key Laboratory of Bubble Physics and Natural Circulation Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu China China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543505

The heat transfer enhancement of Longitudinal Vortex (LV) is a kind of technology with efficiency is high and resistance is low. The effective influence distance of LV is very important to extend this kind of technology in narrow rectangular channels under water medium. CFX10.0 is used to simulate this question, and three velocity components of water flow have been used to define the strength of LV. The results of this calculate method are compared with the experimental results of thermal infrared imager and phase doppler particle analyzer, and they are reasonable. In this paper range, the effective influence distance of LV is bigger than 33 times of Longitudinal Vortex Generators (LVGs) height. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： flow of water

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Experiment of flow boiling heat transfer on micro-pin-finned chips with jet impingement

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Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2011年第1期45卷 31-37页

作者： Guo, Dong Wei, Jinjia Zhang, Yonghai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The experiment of flow boiling heat transfer on micro-pin-finned chips in FC-72 with jet impingement was *** experimental conditions consisted of two different liquid subcooling degrees (25,35°C),three different cross flow velocities (Vc=0.5,1,1.5 m/s) and three different jet velocities (Vj=0,1,2 m/s).The dimensions of the silicon chips were 10 mm×10 mm×0.5 mm (length×width×thickness) on which two kinds of micro-pin-fins with the dimensions of 30 μm×120 μm,50 μm×120 μm (thickness×height) were fabricated by the dry etching technique. A smooth surface was also tested for comparison. The correlations for nucleate boiling curves and the maximum allowable heat flux curves were obtained. The results show that the heat transfer performance was improved with increasing liquid subcooling and flow velocity. All micro-pin-finned surfaces displayed a considerable heat transfer enhancement. The addition of jet impingement further enhanced the heat transfer at a high heat flux and increased the CHF. At a certain cross flow velocity, the enhancement was more significant as the jet velocity increased, especially for Vc=0.5 m/s, Vj=2 m/s. For the micro-pin-finned chips, the CHF increased by more than 93% while the subcooling was 35°C compared with Vc=0.5 m/s, Vj=0 m/s. As the cross velocity increased, the intensification degree of jet impingement decreased and the increase of CHF also decreased.

关键词： flow velocity

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Supersonic ejector to boost production from low pressure natural gas field

Supersonic ejector to boost production from low pressure nat...

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International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring

作者： Wu, Gesheng Chong, Daotong Chen, Weixiong Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chendu China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543505

An effective way to boost natural gas production from low pressure gas field was introduced in the paper. The supersonic ejector used the energ off high pressure gas wells, which was generally wasted through the choke valve, as its power supply to boost the low pressure gas production. The field experiment of the natural gas ejector was carried out, and the performance of the ejector was also presented. Moreover, the production of low pressure natural gas well was compared when the natural gas ejector was used or not. The economic analysis shows that the recovery period of the capital was less than several months. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Natural gas

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