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Global Congress on Intelligent Systems

作者： Yan, Liwei Lu, Hongfang Yu, Yunsong Zhang, Xu Li, Yun Zhang, Zaoxiao State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543048

Capturing CO2 from the flue gas of a power plant based on chemical absorption method is an effective way to cut down the emission of CO2. However, the principal components in the solvent are very difficult to be measured online. Therefore an online measurement and control system was designed for the process of capturing CO2 by MEA chemical absorption. The feature selection was done according to Bayesian networks. Furthermore based on the principle of a new sparse support vector machine (SLS-SVM), the measurement of ionic species distribution in the absorption solution was predicted, and the results agreed well with the data obtained by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurement. The mean square error is 3.8645×10-7. The measurement of solution species distribution was carried out online by using infrared sensors and NMR technology. Meanwhile the sampling system and NMR unit were linked for the online analysis based on variable-temperature and variable-pressure NMR technology. Finally a measurement and control platform was constructed based on VI technology. It shows that the performance of traditional equipment can be improved by the novel system, which will provide a more effective method for CO2 capture process. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Identification of the Gas/Solid two phase flow regime based on electrostatic sensor and HHT 6

Identification of the Gas/Solid two phase flow regime based ...

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6th World Congress in Industrial Process Tomography

作者： Dong, Jun Hu, Hongli Zhang, Juan Zhao, Qinxing Zhou, Qulan State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment Xi’an Jiao tong University Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow for Power Engineering Xi’an Jiao tong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780853163220

In the gas/solid twophase system, particles can accumulate a large number of electrostatic charges because of the collision, friction and separation between particles or between particles and wall. When particles moving through in the electrostatic sensor, the sensor induces fluctuated signal because of the constantly fluctuation of the quasielectrostatic filed around the sensors. Through the detection and processing of the induced fluctuated charge signal, measuring system can obtain twophase flow parameters, such as concentration, flow regime. This paper used electrostatic sensor to measure the moving electric charges carried by solid particles in pipelines of pneumatic transport. And a microcomputer and NI PCI 6024based measuring system has been built on the basis of the method for measuring the electric charges of solid particles. Then the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) was used to process the fluctuation signal generated induced by the electrostatic sensor. The result show that marginal Hilbert spectrum of the electrostatic signal can be used to identify the gassolid flow regime. © 2010, International Society for Industrial Process Tomography. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hilbert-Huang transform

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Solute Layers and Double‐Diffusive Interfaces during the Solidification of NH4Cl‐H2O in Rectangular Cavities

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 864-870页

作者： Z. X. Wen J. Lu B. F. Bai State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

flow and temperature fields during the solidification of hypereutectic and hypoeutectic NH4Cl‐H2O solution in rectangular cavities were measured by a particle image velocimetry(PIV) and a weak perturbation thermocouple network, respectively. Double‐diffusive convections caused by the coupling effects of temperature and solute gradients were studied by the experiment. During the solidification of hypereutectic solution, the rejected water near the solidification interface will lead to dilute solute layers and double‐diffusive interfaces. As the continued rejection of water, the layer and interface will evolve into instability and a multi‐layer and multi‐interface structure will be formed. To the hypoeutectic solution, the rejection of NH4Cl near the solidification interface will form a dense solute layer. When the thickness of the dense solute layer is large enough, the coupling effects of stabilizing solute gradient and unstable temperature gradient will lead to new solute layers. The solute layers and double‐diffusive interfaces will evolve stably and have no breakup of the double‐diffusive interfaces during the solidification of hypoeutectic solution.

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A study on preparation coated‐CdS photocatalyst and continuous reaction system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 1053-1059页

作者： J. G. Jiang H. Liu L. J. GUO aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in power Engineering Xi»an Jiaotong University China cStake Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

CdS is the most wildly used photocatalyst for effective hydrogen production at present. However there are two major problems existed that restricted its industrial application. One is the fixation of photocatalyst, and the other is to design a continuous photocatalytic reactor. The two problems were studied as follows:Two kinds of beading (d = 100 nm and d = 500 nm) coated‐CdS were prepared by calcining with different temperature. The samples were characterized by several methods. Coalescent intensity of CdS‐beading was analyzed by continuous stir for 20 hours, then weigh the dried samples to determine the weight removed in continuous stir. All the prepared fixed‐CdS photocatalyst were characterized by XRF and their photocatalytic activity were evaluated by H2 evolution from water under visible light. The thickness of CdS on the beading surface was estimated by a simple mathematical model.A novel continuous reactor was designed and manufactured for the experimental production hydrogen. Then the fixed photocatalyst was used to test the performance of the reactor, and found the best experimental parameter (the rotate speed of magnetic stirrer is 700 r/min, pump speed is 20 r/min).

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A New Model Coupling Interface Tracking Methods and Two‐Fluid Model for Simulation of Incompressible Gas‐liquid Two‐Phase flow

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 843-848页

作者： K. Yan Y. B. Zhang D. C. Che Z. H. Lin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

A model coupling two basic models, the model with interface tracking method and two‐fluid model, for simulation of incompressible gas‐liquid two‐phase flow is proposed. A united solution frame shared by the two basic models is built. In the shared solution frame, the Navier—Stokes equations of the two basic models can be dealt with in a uniform form. In the proposed model, there are three phases, which are divided not only by physics but also by the length scale of interface, including the liquid phase, the large‐length‐scale‐interface gas phase and the small‐length‐scale‐interface gas phase. The special treatment named by “void fraction redistribution” is adopted for the special grids which contain all three phases. Based on the united solution frame, MCBA—SIMPLE algorithm is used to solve the equations. Two problems are calculated to show that the proposed model has the merits of the two basic models.

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Tow steps biohydrogen production: biomass pretreatment and fermentation

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 1060-1065页

作者： C. Ma H. H. Yang L. J. Guo aState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China bState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China cState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

This paper investigated the pretreatment of cornstalk and integrated dark‐photo fermentation for hydrogen production. Five parameters of the pretreatment experiments, including NaOH concentration, temperature, residence time, and dosage of cellulase and xylanase, were optimized through the L25 (5≙5) orthogonal test. The optimal NaOH concentration, temperature, residence time, and dosage of cellulase and xylanase were 0.5wt%, 115 °C, 3 h, 0.08g/g cornstalk, 0.08g/g cornstalk, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, 0.31g glucose/g cornstalk was obtained. The two‐step fermentation consisted of dark fermentation and photo fermentation. The pretreated cornstalk was used as the substrate for dark fermentation, with cow dung as the inoculum. Then the effluents of dark fermentation were employed as the substrate for photo fermentation by photosynthetic bacteria. H2 yield of dark fermentation was 116.7 mL/g cornstalk, with H2 concentration of 41%. After photo fermentation, the total H2 yield increased to 294 mL/g cornstalk.

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Experimental investigation for liquid holdup reduction of subsea riser with surfactant

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 119-124页

作者： C. Li L. Liu Q. B. Bao F. D. Zhou State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University China

The principal pressure drop in a subsea riser is generally the gravitational pressure drop component due to liquid holdup. Surfactant is a kind of Chemical compound related to flow improvement. Gas‐liquid two‐phase flow in subsea riser with zero and small liquid flow rates was simulated in two vertical tubes with diameters of 40 mm and 65 mm, respectively. Liquid holdup reduction of subsea riser was investigated with surfactant. The simulation was conducted at low pressure, using air as the gas phase and water as the liquid phase. Pressure drop was measured by using differential pressure transducer and holdup was obtained by trapping the liquid in the pipe section. Different trace amounts of surfactant were used in this vertical two‐phase flow system. The liquid holdups were measured at different surfactant concentrations and different gas‐liquid flow ratios. Liquid holdups with and without surfactant additives are compared and analyzed. How the foamer influences the two‐phase flow pattern was observed and the range of foamer concentration corresponding to the best holdup reduction was obtained.

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Fuel Nitrogen Evolution during Coal Pyrolysis and Gasification

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2010年第1期1207卷 56-65页

作者： Defu Che Yinhe Liu Junguang Lin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering X’an Jiaotong University China

The morphology of fuel nitrogen in coal and its fate during pyrolysis and the nitrogen species including N2, HCN and NH3 during coal pyrolysis and gasification have been investigated to clarify the evolution mechanism of fuel nitrogen in heat treatment process. Experimental results show that the morphology of coal nitrogen in the studied Chinese raw coals generally include pyrrolic nitrogen (N‐5), pyridinic nitrogen (N‐6), quaternary nitrogen (N‐Q) and nitrogen‐oxide (N‐X). Generally, nitrogen in char is transformed to volatile and more stable components during pyrolysis. Char‐N is the major source of NOx precursors during temperature programmed pyrolysis in 600–800° C. N‐5 and N‐X in char is converted to HCN first, and HCN is then hydrogenated to NH3. N‐Q in char is the main source of nitrogen gas. The major nitrogenous gas products during rapid coal pyrolysis are N2, HCN and NH3, amongst which N2 is dominant. The yields of N2 and NOx precursors, such as HCN and NH3, increase with increased pyrolysis temperature. The major gaseous nitrogenous products during coal gasification in steam include HCN, NH3 and N2. H2O is the main source of the groups containing hydrogen, which not only participates in the reaction as a gasification agent, but also has catalysis on the reaction.

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Simulating free surface problem with moving particle semi-implicit method

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Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2010年第11期44卷 109-112页

作者： Rong, Shaoshan Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The moving particle semi-implicit method (MPS) was used to simulate the typical free surface problem, 2D dam break problem, and the effect of initial particle configuration on the simulated results was analyzed. It is found that the reasonable results can not be achieved for too large or too small particle distance. The comparison of the results by MPS, SPH or VOF with the experimental data shows that the result by MPS is between those by VOF and by SPH. Without the consideration of viscosity, the result by MPS is closer to the experiment than that by VOF. However, the result by MPS with the consideration of viscosity may be similar to that by SPH.

关键词： Viscosity

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Unstructured grid based volume-of-fluid method

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Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2010年第9期44卷 99-103页

作者： Huang, Meng Wu, Lilong Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

A simple line interface calculation-volume of fluid(SLIC-VOF) interface reconstruction technology was developed on the basis of the triangular unstructured grid. For a cell containing the interface, a straight line segment parallel with one side of the triangle cell was set on the interface according to the volume fractions in the three neighbor cells. The volume flux of the fluid with the assigned phase was determined by the geometry relation between the interface line and the volume flux on each side. Three tests were performed to verify the feasibility of the present unstructured SLIC-VOF interface reconstruction method, including an advection test of a right-angled triangle, the Zalesak slotted disk rotation test, and a single-vortex shearing flow test. The results show that the accuracy of the present method for the unstructured grid with 7600 cells is comparative with that of the conventional SLIC-VOF method for the structured grid with 6400 cells after the interface restoration in the reversed velocity field.

关键词： Cells

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