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Au@SiO_2 core/shell nanoparticle-decorated TiO_2 nanorod arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting

Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第18期59卷 2191-2198页

作者： Jianan Chen Miao Yu Yuhao Wang Shaohua Shen Meng Wang Liejin Guo International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong University School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology

To improve the separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carries,Au@SiO2nanoparticles(NPs)with core–shell structure were loaded onto the surface of TiO2nanorods grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by a facile two-step *** resulted Au@SiO2/TiO2photoanodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,as well as photoelectrochemical *** with pristine TiO2nanorod film,the Au@SiO2/TiO2films showed remarkable enhancement in photoelectrochemical water splitting,with incident photonto-current conversion efficiency increasing from 31%to37%at 380 nm at 0.7 V versus saturated calomel *** could be interpreted by the effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance of Au@SiO2NPs,which would generate an intense electromagnetic field with spatially nonhomogenous distributed *** a result,the charge carriers generated in the near-surface region of TiO2nanorods could be easily *** modification method based on the effect of metallic surface plasmon resonance for promoted charge carrier separation provides a promising way to develop semiconductor photoelectrodes with high solar water-splitting performance.

关键词：二氧化硅纳米粒子二氧化钛纳米棒电解水表面等离子体共振效应纳米颗粒金属 TiO2薄膜

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Experimental and modeling study of n -butanol oxidation at high temperature

Experimental and modeling study of n -butanol oxidation at h...

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作者： Zhang, Jiaxiang Wei, Liangjie Man, Xingjia Jiang, Xue Zhang, Yingjia Hu, Erjiang Huang, Zuohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Ignition delay times of n-butanol/oxygen diluted with argon were measured behind reflected shock waves. Experiments were carried out in the temperature range 1200-1650 K, at 2 and 10 atm, and at equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. Correlations of ignition delay times were constructed on the basis of measured data through multiple linear regression. A modified kinetic model for the oxidation of n-butanol at high temperature was developed, based on previous models by adding and modifying some key reactions. The modified model shows good prediction of the measured data under all measured conditions. This model was also validated against jet-stirred reactor (JSR) data obtained from the literature, and fairly good agreement was observed. A fair improvement on the simulation of aldehydes (acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde) was found compared to the original model. Finally, reaction pathway and sensitivity analysis indicate that the H-abstraction reactions play a dominant role in the consumption of n-butanol, while unimolecular decomposition reactions become more important with increasing temperature. High-level accurate investigation of the rate constants of H-abstraction reactions and unimolecular decomposition reactions is required to further improve n-butanol oxidation kinetics. © 2012 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Oxidation

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Research on the effects of diluents and dilution ratios on laminar burning velocities and flame instabilities of hydrogen flame 11

Research on the effects of diluents and dilution ratios on l...

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11th Asia-Pacific Conference on Combustion, ASPACC 2017

作者： Lu, Xin Hu, Erjiang Li, Xiaotian Huang, Zuohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Laminar burning velocities and flame instabilities of H2/O2/diluents mixture were studied at initial pressure of 0.3 MPa, initial temperature of 373 K and equivalence ratio of 1.0. The He diluted mixtures have the largest laminar burning velocities and the N2 diluted mixtures have the smallest, while He diluted mixtures have the largest mole fraction of H and OH radical and N2 diluted mixtures have the smallest. And laminar burning velocities fall when the dilution ratio rises, due to the mole fractions of H and OH radical fall with increasing dilution ratio. The cellular structure appeared on both N2 and Ar diluted mixture, while only wrinkles grew on He diluted mixtures. When dilution ratio rose, the appearance of cellular structure deferred. Thus, He diluted mixtures are more stable than N2 and Ar diluted mixtures, and higher dilution ratios restrain the flame instabilities. © 2017 Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen

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Surface sulfurization activating hematite nanorods for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Science Bulletin 2019年第17期64卷 1262-1271页

作者： Lianlian Mao Yu-Cheng Huang Yanming Fu Chung-Li Dong Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui 25137 Taiwan China

Surface treatment is an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance of photoelectrodes. Herein, we introduced a novel strategy of surface sulfurization to modify hematite(a-Fe2 O3)nanorods grown in an aqueous solution, which triggered encouraging improvement in PEC *** comparison to the solution-grown pristine a-Fe2 O3 nanorod photoanode that is PEC inefficient and always needs high temperature(>600 °C) activation, the surface sulfurized a-Fe2 O3 nanorods show photocurrent density increased by orders of magnitude, reaching 0.46 mA cmà2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode) under simulated solar illumination. This improvement in PEC performances should be attributed to the synergy of the increased carrier density, the reduced surface charge carrier recombination and the accelerated water oxidation kinetics at the a-Fe2 O3/electrolyte interface, as induced by the incorporation of S ions and the formation of multi-state S species(Fe-Sx-Oy) at the surface of a-Fe2 O3 nanorods. This study paves a new and facile approach to activate a-Fe2 O3 and even other metal oxides as photoelectrodes for improved PEC water splitting performances, by engineering the surface structure to relieve the bottlenecks of charge transfer dynamics and redox reaction kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

关键词： Photoelectrochemical Water splitting Hematite nanorods Photoanodes Surface sulfurization

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Numerical investigation of edl effects on the flow characteristics of polar fluids in rectangular microchannels

Numerical investigation of edl effects on the flow character...

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4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, ICNMM2006

作者： Li, Zhuo Tang, Gui-Hua He, Ya-Ling Tao, Wen-Quan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University China

ISBN: (纸本)0791847608

Recently, a large number of experiments have been conducted to examine the applicability of Navier-Stokes equations to predict the friction factor for the laminar flow of polar fluids in microchannels. However, significant discrepancies still exist between various results. In order to investigate the effect of electric double layer on the pressure-driven flow of polar fluid in smooth rectangular microchannels and to reveal whether continuum model can still be applied, numerical investigations are conducted in this paper. The simulated microchannels are made of silicon engraved substrate with Pyrex cover, and the measured relative roughness of channels is less than 0.5%. Deionized water and tap water with different ion concentration and electrical conductivity are used as the working fluid. The governing equations include the two-dimensional, non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation, the modified N-S equation and the electric field Ez equation. The steady state electric field E z equation is coupled with the momentum equation. The FVM (finite volume method) is adopted to discretize the governing equations. The non-uniform grid systems 152×102 is applied and the Reynolds number ranges from 0.1 to 300. Good agreements are achieved between the numerical results and the experimental data available in the literature. The effects of electrical potential, fluid ion concentration, electrical conductivity and the channel dimensions on the EDL profile, and the electroviscous effect and the friction coefficient are presented in detail. The simulation results reveal that the Debye thickness depends on ion concentration greatly. Only when the ratio of Dh/δ (the ratio of channel hydraulic diameter to the Debye thickness) is low, the electroviscous effect should be considered. According to the experimental conditions, the numerical results show that if the ratio of Dh/δ is greater than 15, the predicted friction factors agree well with the macroscale classical law, and the disparities

关键词： Channel flow

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CO₂-to-C₂H₅OH photoconversion by an amorphization-activated catalyst

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Chem Catalysis 2025年第5期5卷

作者： Xue, Fei Zhang, Chunyang Liu, Maochang Liu, Feng Yan, Xueli Liu, Shangheng Peng, Huiping Hu, Zhiwei Pao, Chih-Wen Huang, Wei-Hsiang Yang, Ye Huang, Xiaoqing Xu, Yong i-lab of Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Suzhou 215123 China State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids Nothnitzer Strasse 40 Dresden 01187 Germany National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center 101 Hsin-Ann Road Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Xiamen 361005 China

CO2 photoconversion into value-added C2 products with high selectivity and efficiency is formidably challenging due to highly energetic and kinetic restriction of C–C coupling. Designing catalysts to overcome those b... 详细信息

CO₂ photoconversion into value-added C₂ products with high selectivity and efficiency is formidably challenging due to highly energetic and kinetic restriction of C–C coupling. Designing catalysts to overcome those barriers is therefore crucial. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate an amorphization strategy to boost photocatalytic CO₂ ethanolization. By integrating amorphous Pd onto Cd_0.9Zn_0.1S nanorods (a-Pd/CZS), an activity of 412.1 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a selectivity of 96.5% for CO₂-to-C₂H₅OH photoconversion were achieved without a sacrificial agent with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 0.87% at 420 nm. The superior performance results from rapid migration of photogenerated electrons to amorphous Pd via interfacial Ohmic junction. In situ characterization and theoretical calculation further reveal that amorphous Pd can optimize CO₂ adsorption/activation and reduce the C–C coupling energy barrier via intensified interaction and stabilization with a ^∗OCCO intermediate, thereby maximizing conversion efficiency and selectivity. This work highlights an efficient photocatalyst for a CO₂-to-C₂ product and inspires high-performance photocatalyst design. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： amorphization C2H5OH CO2 photocatalytic conversion SDG7: Affordable and clean energy

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Hydrogen production by non-catalytic partial oxidation of coal in supercritical water: Explore the way to complete gasification of lignite and bituminous coal

Hydrogen production by non-catalytic partial oxidation of co...

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作者： Ge, Zhiwei Guo, Simao Guo, Liejin Cao, Changqing Su, Xiaohui Jin, Hui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'An Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal is a promising technology for clean coal utilization. In this paper, hydrogen production by non-catalytic partial oxidation of coal was systematically investigated in supercritical water (SCW) with quartz batch reactors for the first time. The influences of the main operating parameters including residence time, temperature, oxidant equivalent ratio (ER) and feed concentration on the gasification characteristics of coal were investigated. The experimental results showed that H2 yield and carbon gasification efficiency (CE) increased with increasing temperature and decreasing feed concentration. CE increased with increasing ER, and H 2 yield peaked when ER equaled 0.1. CE increased quickly within 1 min and then tended to be stable between 2 and 3 min. In particular, complete gasification of lignite was obtained at 950 C when ER equaled 0.1, as for bituminous coal, at a higher temperature of 980 C when ER equaled 0.2. © 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Hydrogen production

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Extra contribution to the crystal stability of insensitive explosive TATB: The cooperativity of intermolecular interactions

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第7期25卷 88-98页

作者： Zhi-xiang Zhang Yi-tao Si Tao Yu Wei-peng Lai Yi-ding Ma Mao-chang Liu Ying-zhe Liu Bo-zhou Wang State Key Laboratory of Fluorine&Nitrogen Chemicals Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'an710065PR China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049PR China

An in-depth analysis on the cooperativity of intermolecular interactions including hydrogen bonding andπ-π stacking in 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB) crystal was studied. Two quantities, cooperativity rate and energy, were defined to evaluate the nature and strength of cooperativity in a series of clusters diverging from 1D to 3D prototypes. The origin and mechanism of the cooperative effect were settled to demonstrate that the nature of cooperativity is determined by whether the non-covalent interactions compete or promote with each other, which is manifested by the changing trend of electron transfer. There exists obvious cooperative effect in intra-layer and inter-layer structures as they own the equivalent non-covalent interactions, while anti-cooperative effect is also observed if two interactions correlate with each other. On the whole, in the process of crystal formation, the apparent cooperativity is the check and balance of the two effects, which is capable to support a global interaction among all of molecules and contribute to the stabilization of system. Based on the results, one may get a new insight to understand the relationship between non-covalent interactions and low impact sensitivity.

关键词： Cooperativity Non-covalent interaction Low-sensitivity Explosives Charge transfer

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Performance of vertical axis water turbine with eye-shaped baffle for pico hydropower

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Frontiers in Energy 2022年第4期16卷 683-696页

作者： Zhuohuan HU Dongcheng WANG Wei LU Jian CHEN Yuwen ZHANG Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 20093China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

t A series of inline pico hydropower systems,which could be used in confined space,especially for water distribution networks(WDNs),was designed and *** turbine with an eye-shaped vertical water baffle was developed to evaluate the hydraulic performance.A three-dimensional dynamic mesh was employed and the inlet velocity was considered as the inlet boundary condition,whereas the outlet boundary was set as the ***,numerical simulations were conducted and the standard k-εturbulence model was found to be the best capable of predicting flow features through the comparison with the experimental *** effects of the opening diameter of the water baffle and installation angle of the rotor on the flow field in the turbine were *** results suggested that the water baffle opening at d=30 mm and the rotor at a 52°angle could achieve the highest efficiency of 5.93%.The proper eye-shaped baffle not only accelerates the fluid flow and generates positive hydrodynamic torque,but also eliminates the flow *** scheme proposed in this paper can be exploited for practical applications in the water pipelines at various conditions and power requirements.

关键词： vertical axis water turbine eye-shaped vertical water baffle pico hydropower

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Noble-metal free plasmonic nanomaterials for enhanced photocatalytic applications—A review

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Nano Research 2022年第12期15卷 10268-10291页

作者： Jinghua Li Yiming Zhang Yalong Huang Bing Luo Li Jing Dengwei Jing International Research Center for Renewable Energy&State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China

Plasmonic nanomaterial catalysis is currently at the frontier of photocatalysis,overcoming the limitations of wide bandgap semiconductors for light *** localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)properties allow broad ultraviolet-visible-near infrared ray(UV-vis-NIR)absorption,making it an ideal material for solar energy *** plasmonic nanostructures rely on precious *** noble metal plasmonic nanomaterials have proven to be one of the strategies for enhancing photocatalytic activity,their expensive cost and limitations in light absorption range have hindered their practical *** a result,noble-metal free plasmonic nanomaterials have risen to the top of the research priority ***,this paper reviews the fundamental principles and classification of the LSPR effect of noble-metal free plasmonic nanomaterials in photocatalytic and their recent applications in hydrogen generation,carbon dioxide reduction,and pollutant *** cases elucidate the possible working mechanism of enhanced photocatalysis by noble-metal free plasmonic ***,the challenges and future opportunities for noble-metal free plasmonic nanomaterials in energy conversion and storage are discussed and envisioned.

关键词： localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR) noble-metal free plasmonic nanomaterials photocatalysis

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