Plasma equilibrium has been calculated using an analytical method. The plasma profiles of the current density, safety factor, pressure and magnetic surface function are obtained. The analytical solution of the Grad–S...
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Plasma equilibrium has been calculated using an analytical method. The plasma profiles of the current density, safety factor, pressure and magnetic surface function are obtained. The analytical solution of the Grad–Shafranov(GS) equation is obtained by the variable separation method and compared with the computed results of the equilibrium fitting code EFIT.
Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulations of an equilibrium on the J-TEXT tokamak with applied resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) are performed with NIMROD(non-ideal MHD with rotation,open discussion).Nu...
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Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) simulations of an equilibrium on the J-TEXT tokamak with applied resonant magnetic perturbations(RMPs) are performed with NIMROD(non-ideal MHD with rotation,open discussion).Numerical simulation of plasma response to RMPs has been developed to investigate magnetic topology,plasma density and rotation *** results indicate that the pure applied RMPs can stimulate 2/1 mode as well as 3/1 mode by the toroidal mode coupling,and finally change density profile by particle *** the same time,plasma rotation plays an important role during the entire evolution process.
In strictly axisymmetric configurations of tokamaks, field-line tracing reduces from a three-dimensional ODE (ordinary differential equation) system to a two-dimensional one, where Poincaré-Bendixson theorem appl...
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In strictly axisymmetric configurations of tokamaks, field-line tracing reduces from a three-dimensional ODE (ordinary differential equation) system to a two-dimensional one, where Poincaré-Bendixson theorem applies and guarantees the nonexistence of chaos. The formulae of functional perturbation theory (FPT) mostly simplify to compact closed-form expressions to allow the computation to finish instantly, which could improve and accelerate the existing plasma control systems by detangling the plasma dynamics from the magnetic topology change. FPT can conveniently calculate how the key geometric objects of magnetic topology: • the divertor X-point(s) and the magnetic axis (which represent the X/O-cycles respectively), • the last closed flux surface (LCFS for short, which is the (un)stable manifolds of the divertor X-point for tokamaks when axisymmetry is guaranteed) • flux surfaces (i.e. invariant tori, where invariant means the field lines on such a torus would never leave the torus) change under perturbation. For example, when the divertor X-point shifts outwards, the LCFS there must expand accordingly, but not necessarily for other places of the LCFS, which could also contract, depending on the perturbation. FPT can not only facilitate adaptive control of plasma, but also enable utilizing as much as possible space in the vacuum vessel by weakening the plasma-wall interaction (PWI) via tuning the eigenvalues of Dpm of the divertor X-point(s), such that the field line connection lengths in the scrape-off layer (SOL) are long enough to achieve detachment. Increasing flux expansion fx is another option for detachment and can also be facilitated by FPT. Apart from the edge, FPT can also benefit the understanding of the plasma core. Since the magnetic axis O-point would also shift under perturbation and the shift is known by FPT, the O-point can be controlled without full knowledge of the plasma response, which shall not significantly change the tendency. On the other ha
Controlled islanding of power system is an emer-gency control to stop the propagation of disturbances and to avoid blackouts. This paper presents a three-stage method for intentional controlled islanding of power syst...
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Controlled islanding of power system is an emer-gency control to stop the propagation of disturbances and to avoid blackouts. This paper presents a three-stage method for intentional controlled islanding of power systems. It enables to search out reasonable islanding cutsets, which have the minimum load-generation imbalance or the minimal power flow disruption, without low-voltage problems. In the first stage, a self-adaptive graph simplification algorithm is proposed to obtain a two-terminal graph as a suitable islanding cutset search area from the original power network graph model. In the second stage, an islanding cutset search algorithm is designed to find all of islanding cutsets, including the minimum load-generation imbalance cutset, in the two-terminal graph. In the third stage, an islanding scheme checking algorithm is developed to examine the outputs of stage two. It uses the depth first search algorithm to determine reasonable islanding cutsets without low-voltage problems. The IEEE30-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system are utilized to demonstrate the proposed method. The simulation results show its validity and accuracy in large-scale power systems.
The plasma density feedback control system(PDFCS) has been established on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) for meeting the need for an accurate plasma density in physical *** consists of a density meas...
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The plasma density feedback control system(PDFCS) has been established on the Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak(J-TEXT) for meeting the need for an accurate plasma density in physical *** consists of a density measurement subsystem,a feedback control subsystem and a gas puffing *** to the characteristic of the gas puffing system,a voltage amplitude control mode has been applied in the feedback control strategy,which is accomplished by the proportion,integral and differential(PID) *** this system,the quantity calibration of gas injection,adjusted responding to the change of the density signal,has been carried *** experimental results are shown and discussed.
Efflcient collection of water from fog can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortages in foggy but water-scarce areas,such as deserts,islands and so *** inefflcient fog meshes,corona discharge can charge wat...
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Efflcient collection of water from fog can effectively alleviate the problem of water shortages in foggy but water-scarce areas,such as deserts,islands and so *** inefflcient fog meshes,corona discharge can charge water droplets and further enhance the water-collecting *** study proposes a novel multi-electrode collecting structure that can achieve efflcient and direction-independent water collection from *** multi-electrode structure consists of three parts:a charging electrode,an intercepting electrode and a ground *** types of watercollecting structures are compared experimentally,and the collection rates from a traditional fog mesh,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a high-voltage electrode,a wire-mesh electrode with fog coming from a ground electrode and a multi-electrode structure are 2–3 g h^(-1),100–120 g h^(-1),60–80 g h^(-1)and 200–220 g h^(-1),*** collection rate of the multielectrode structure is 100–150 times that of a traditional fog mesh and 2–4 times that of a wiremesh *** results demonstrate the superiority of the multi-electrode structure in fog *** addition,the motion equation of charged droplets in an electric fleld is also derived,and the optimization strategy of electrode spacing is also *** structure can be applied not only to fog collection,but also to air puriflcation,factory waste gas treatment and other flelds.
The plasma parameters of planar-type surface-wave plasmas (SWPs) are diagnosed based on the resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The plasma parameter distributions are obtained by changing the...
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The plasma parameters of planar-type surface-wave plasmas (SWPs) are diagnosed based on the resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The plasma parameter distributions are obtained by changing the discharge conditions of gas pressure and incident power. The measured experimental results show that the plasma near the heating layer is excited by surface waves of SPPs while the plasma located downstream originates from diffusion Moreover, the influence of high-frequency oscillations plays a significant role in producing the proposed SWPs with bi-Maxwellian electron energy distributions.
Better torque performance and higher reliability have long been the focus of research for slotted limited-angle torque motors(LATMs),which are primarily used to position first-stage valves in electrohydraulic *** pape...
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Better torque performance and higher reliability have long been the focus of research for slotted limited-angle torque motors(LATMs),which are primarily used to position first-stage valves in electrohydraulic *** paper presents a high reliability axial-flux slotted LATM with quasi-Halbach array for torque performance improvement including constant torque range(CTR)and output ***,the structure with two sets of windings and the operation principle of the proposed slotted LATM is ***,a brief design procedure is presented,the structure selections of open slot and double-stator single-rotor(DSSR)interior rotor with surface mounted quasi-Halbach permanent magnet(PM)array are illustrated,and the geometric parameters are optimized to obtain the optimal design of the proposed slotted ***,3-D finite-element method(FEM)is employed to compare the proposed slotted LATM with the conventional surface mounted PM slotted LATM in terms of cogging torque,no-load back EMF,and output torque,and the results show that the proposed LATM with quasi-Halbach array has a 10%improvement in output torque and a 25%improvement in ***,the flux linkages and torque performance of the two sets of windings under various conditions verify good magnetic ***,prototypes of two different rotor types are manufactured and a series of experiments are performed to validate the analysis.
Minimum energy storage(ES)and spinning reserve(SR)for day-ahead power system scheduling with high wind power penetration is significant for system operations.A chance-constrained energy storage optimization model base...
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Minimum energy storage(ES)and spinning reserve(SR)for day-ahead power system scheduling with high wind power penetration is significant for system operations.A chance-constrained energy storage optimization model based on unit commitment and considering the stochastic nature of both the wind power and load demand is *** solve this proposed chance-constrained model,it is first converted into a deterministic-constrained model using p-efficient point theory.A single stochastic net load variable is developed to represent the stochastic characteristics of both the wind power and load demand for convenient use with the p-efficient point theory.A probability distribution function for netload forecast error is obtained via the Kernel estimation *** proposed model is applied to a wind-thermal-storage combined power system.A set of extreme scenarios is chosen to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and *** results indicate that the scheduled energy storage can effectively compensate for the net load forecast error,and the increasing wind power penetration does not necessarily require a linear increase in energy storage.
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