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Analysis and Enhancement of Synchronization Stability in Grid-forming PV Systems Using Torque Component Quantification

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IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 2025年

作者： Chen, Qiong Tang, Yajie Gong, Diyang Lin, Lei Zeng, Qianqian Shi, Xiaojie State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. Ltd. Hangzhou310022 China

With the rapid deployment of distributed PVs, the stability issues become a serious concern for power systems. As a solution, the grid-forming control (GFM) featuring active regulation of voltage and frequency emerges. Among various GFM schemes, the DC-link voltage synchronous control has attracted tremendous attention as it can stabilize the DC-link voltage of PV systems and utilize the stored energy of their DC-link capacitors to mimic the inertia support. However, a PV system using the DC-link voltage synchronous control (PV-DVSC) can cause low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) under certain operating conditions. To mitigate such risks, this paper investigates the mechanism of LFO and associated suppression method, utilizing the torque component quantification. Firstly, a torque analysis model of the PV-DVSC is established to elucidate the contribution of different control loops on LFO from a torque vector perspective. Additionally, the impacts of key parameters on LFO are quantitatively assessed via the damping and synchronizing torques. Leveraging these torques, a torque-oriented phase compensator (TOPC) is designed, targeting a positive torque to effectively suppress the unstable LFO even under extreme conditions such as desynchronization. Finally, the validity of above analysis and proposed TOPC strategy are verified through simulation control-hardware-in-The-loop test results. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Electric power system control

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Degradation of target pollutants under simultaneous competition from coexisting compounds: Electron-beam treatment of a real hair dye wastewater

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Radiation Physics and Chemistry 2025年 236卷

作者： Bao, Qiburi Yu, Boming Li, Wangrui Yang, Miao Dong, Zhen Zhao, Long School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan430070 China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China

Water pollution resulting from the extensive production and consumption of hair dyes has been threatening human health and aquatic ecosystems globally. Gaining knowledge on the presence of compounds in real hair dye wastewater and developing efficient treatment are emerging issues. This paper studies the electron beam irradiation of a real hair dye industrial wastewater. The CODCr of the industrial wastewater was reduced by 35 % through EB irradiation at 9 kGy. Four dyestuff intermediates (phenol, 5-amino-o-cresol, 5-amino-4-chloro-o-cresol and 5-amino-6-chloro-o-cresol) were identified as the target pollutants through compositional analysis of the wastewater. The removals of target pollutants in single-component solutions reached 75.7 %–89.7 % at 9 kGy The influence of coexisting background components on the degradation of targets was investigated and the interaction between different targets was evaluated during the irradiation treatment. Compared with pure single solutions, the required doses for 50 % removal of the targets in the wastewater increased by 0.1–5.8 times. Quantitative assessment of the competing effects of non-target components and the selectivity of reactive species is performed. [rad]OH and [rad]O2− show much lower selectivity toward the targets than reducing radicals (eaq− and [rad]H). Among them, [rad]O2− exhibits the lowest selectivity toward phenol with a logf value of −0.51. The main breakdown products of the target pollutants are quinones, diphenols and carboxylic acids. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： River pollution

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Low-potential Li2C2O4 prelithiation catalyzed by 2D MoN with dominant (002) crystal face for high-energy lithium-ion batteries

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Materials Science and engineering R: Reports 2025年 165卷

作者： Lv, Tuan Zhong, Wei He, Renjie Zhou, Feng Xiang, Jingyu Huo, Kaifu Xie, Jia State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430000 China

Lithium oxalate (Li2C2O4) is considered as an ideal prelithiation agent owing to its high specific capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, the high reaction energy barrier and low intrinsic conductivity lead to a lithium liberation potential higher than 4.5 V, which severely trials the tolerance of the electrolyte and electrodes and significantly compromises the battery performance. In this study, two-dimensional molybdenum nitride (MoN) with (002) dominant exposed crystal face having superior catalytic properties is engineered to promote the low-potential decomposition of Li2C2O4. With its half-filled electronic state of surface Mo atoms and ultra-high electronic conductivity, highly polarized MoN can effectively adsorb and catalyze the decomposition of Li2C2O4, thus reducing the lithium liberation reaction energy barrier by 46.8 %. As a result, the lithium liberation potential of Li2C2O4 is diminished to 3.9 V. When paired with LiFePO4 (LFP) and LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2 (NCM) cathode, forming Graphite || LFP-L and SiOx || NCM-L full cells, the capacity increase by 5.5 % and 11 %, respectively. Additionally, prelithiation facilitates the formation of a fluorine-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode, markedly improving the cycling stability of the battery. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Knowledge-assisted Approach for Contactless Current Measurement in Multiconductor Systems

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Ma, Chaojun Xu, Yingying Chen, Qing Jiao, Yang Qu, Zeming He, Cheng Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China

Current measurements of multiconductor systems are essential for smart grids, but conventional intrusive measurement approaches require power outages before deployment and maintenance and thus are expensive and may reduce system stability. Though many contactless current measurement approaches have been proposed in recent years, the challenge of easing the impact of conductor positions and decoupling current information remains. This paper proposes a novel approach that combines a cost-effective annular magnetic field (MF) sensor array with an inverse calculation technique for precise, contactless current measurements in multiconductor systems. Specifically, the MF sensor array captures the MF distribution surrounding the multiconductor systems for characterizing the coupled current information. Then, the hardware-oriented measurement task is reformulated into a computational optimization problem, where the currents and conductor positions are mathematically related to the MF distribution for decoupling. Meanwhile, an effective algorithm is tailored, where knowledge about the current and MF distribution is used to generate promising initial solutions for efficiency and effectiveness improvement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy in current measurement considering the impact of conductor positions, with error rates maintained below 1% and 2% in balanced and unbalanced cases, respectively. Additionally, an abnormal MF sensing data correction method is developed to further ensure measurement accuracy, showing resilience to sensor anomalies and maintaining a relative measurement error below 2% after correction. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Smart power grids

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Effects of Active and Reactive Power Control on Inertia in DFIG-Based Wind Turbines

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IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 2025年

作者： Guo, Xiang Tang, Qingbo Zhu, Donghai Zhou, Yini Zou, Xudong Hu, Jiabing Kang, Yong China University of Mining and Technology School of Electrical Engineering Xuzhou 221116 China Hubei Key Laboratory of Marine Electromagnetic Detection and Control Wuhan 430064 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China

The inertia analysis for wind turbines (WTs) typically focuses on the electromechanical timescale. Active power control (APC) and phase-locked loop (PLL) are essential considerations while reactive power control (RPC) is often deemed negligible, particularly in stiff grid. However, such assumptions may be inappropriate. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively examine the effects of APC and RPC on the inertia for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based WTs. Firstly, phase motion models are developed by incorporating various combinations of control loops, including APC, RPC, and different PLL configurations. Subsequently, the impacts of the APC and RPC on the inertia are examined in detail. The analysis reveals that the APC diminishes inertia, whereas the RPC significantly enhances the inertia. Additionally, special attention should be given to phase characteristics of the inertia transfer function, as they can substantially influence inertial performance. Furthermore, an improved frequency support method is proposed, which achieves superior frequency response without necessitating the PLL bandwidth to be adjusted to extremely low values, such as 1 Hz or lower. Finally, the analysis and the proposed method are validated through experiments. © 1986-2012 IEEE.

关键词： active power control (APC) doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) inertia control reactive power control (RPC) wind turbine

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Selection for Schottky Barrier Diodes with Various On-Resistance in Full-SiC Voltage Source Converters

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Chen, Yuzhi Li, Chi Liu, Jianwei Wu, Yifan Liu, Zicheng Zheng, Zedong Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control Department of Electrical Engineering Beijing 100084 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China

In Silicon Carbide based voltage source converters (VSCs), pairing Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) presents trade-offs. While SBDs reduce the freewheeling loss and mitigate the adverse effects of bipolar conduction, their junction capacitance also contributes to increased switching loss. This paper proposes a systematic selection strategy for SBDs aimed at enhancing converter efficiency, using on-resistance as the design variable. A three-phase VSC with 1.2 kV MOSFETs and four sets of 1.2 kV SBDs is demonstrated as the case study. The static and switching characteristics for MOSFET/SBD pair are measured and analyzed over a wide temperature range. VSC efficiency is evaluated in both inverter and rectifier modes under different operating conditions. It appears that VSC using SBDs with 126% of the MOSFETs' resistance exhibits an overall superior performance. A 4 kW full-SiC VSC prototype is developed to validate the proposed selection strategy. Compared to other SBDs, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by up to 2% (± 0.5%) under light loads while maintaining high performance under medium and heavy loads. Compared to freewheeling by the body diode, using the recommended selection enhances VSC efficiency by an average of 0.4% (± 0.1%) across nearly the entire load range. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： efficiency on-resistance Schottky barrier diodes selection strategy SiC MOSFETs voltage source converter

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Ultra-thick Dry-process Cathode Design through Formula Optimization

Ultra-thick Dry-process Cathode Design through Formula Optim...

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2024 International Conference on Green Energy and Mechatronics engineering, ICGEME 2024

作者： Wang, Fengqian Du, Baoshuai Xu, Li Guan, Minyuan Lou, Ping Tang, Shun Cheng, Shijie Cao, Yuan-Cheng State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute Jinan250003 China Beijing Institute of Smart Energy Huairou Laboratory Changping District Beijing102209 China Huzhou Power Supply Company State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company Ltd. Huzhou313000 China

Lithium-ion batteries is an indispensable energy storage device in wind energy and solar energy grid-connected system. Solvent-free electrodes manufacturing processes as a new technology have attracted increasing scientific interest due to their cost reduction, ecological friendliness, and ability to increase electrode density. The coordination between the various components plays a crucial and pivotal role in shaping the physical and electrochemical performance of the electrode. In this research, through rational formulation optimization, it is possible to determine the optimal manufacturing parameters for improving performance, such as cycle stability and energy density. Improving battery performance can accelerate the spread of various applications, including electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage. Studies have shown that when the conductive agent/binder is 5:2, the cycle stability and specific capacity of the battery is the best, under the condition of 0.5 C, even at a high load of 55.4 mg/cm2, it can still play 153.5 mAh /g specific capacity, and the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles is 82.0%. This will make the application of lithium batteries in wind and solar grid-connected systems more extensive and efficient. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Pulsating Torque Suppression of Flux Reversal Machines Based on Specific Harmonic Contributions of Rotor Permeance and PM MMF

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Li, Junzhou Gao, Yuting Zhang, Chaofeng Zha, Xiaoming Qu, Ronghai Wuhan University School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan430072 China Key Laboratory of Integrated Energy Power Equipment and System Security Hubei430206 China State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute Zhengzhou450052 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China

Flux reversal machines (FRMs) exhibit high torque density, but also significant pulsating torque, including cogging torque and torque ripple. Traditional methods fail to separate the harmonics that affect torque density and pulsating torque, leading to a degradation of torque density when reducing pulsating torque. Therefore, to maintain torque density and simultaneously reduce pulsating torque, this paper proposes a novel FRM configuration incorporating shape designs for the rotor and permanent magnets (PMs). First, the key generation mechanisms of cogging torque, average torque, and torque ripple are thoroughly examined, with analytical expressions derived to classify the torque contributions of all air-gap magnetic field harmonics into negative-effect and positive-effect components. Further, the rotor and PM shapes are designed to enhance the positive-effect components and reduce the negative-effect ones of the air-gap permeance and magnetomotive force (MMF). The impacts of geometric parameters are evaluated by using a sensitivity-based hierarchical optimization approach. Then, the proposed FRM is comprehensively compared with a conventional FRM in terms of back-electromotive force (EMF), cogging torque, average torque, torque ripple, efficiency, etc. The results indicate that the proposed machine configuration achieves reductions in cogging torque and torque ripple by 90% and 86.8%, respectively, while maintaining consistent average torque. Finally, a 12-slot/10-pole FRM prototype was built and tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed machine topology. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Permanent magnets

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Research on the Mechanism of Electrical Erosion Accelerating Failure in High-Current Pulse Thyristor-Based Switches

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IEEE Transactions on Device and Materials Reliability 2025年

作者： Xiao, Shiyun Liu, Yi Li, Liuxia Lin, Fuchang Miao, Yunxin Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan430074 China Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology Wuhan430074 China

High-current pulse thyristor-based switches operate under high-current pulse conditions and are subjected to coupled electromagnetic-thermomechanical stresses, resulting in the progressive development of thermal fatigue-induced failure mechanisms. The study revealed that localized overheating triggers electrical erosion of the aluminum layer, which further accelerates the thermal fatigue failure of high-current switches. To investigate this phenomenon, a microscopic model of the silicon-aluminum interface incorporating surface roughness effects was developed to quantify the transient temperature rise and electrical erosion threshold under varying pulsed current conditions, with experimental validation demonstrating strong agreement. Furthermore, using a thermal network model, we established a correlation between the electrical erosion threshold and the average junction temperature for different high-current pulses and clamping stresses, thereby defining the operational range for electrical erosion in high-current pulse thyristor-based switches. This provides theoretical guidance for the reliable operation of these switches. © 2001-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Thermal fatigue

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Comparative Study of Hybrid PM Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machines with Different Configurations

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IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 2025年

作者： Chen, Wutao Wang, Yawei Liu, Xinhua Shi, Yu Zhao, Yiru Qu, Ronghai Huazhong University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan 430074 China Bosch (China) Investment Ltd Shanghai 200050 China

In this paper, the rotor topology of hybrid permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machines (HPM-SynRMs) with parallel, series and parallel-series configurations is given and the analytical models are presented. Based on the analytical models, a method for determining the initial dimensions of the rotors topology is presented. In the subsequent optimization process, a comparative analysis of the torque components, cost, external characteristics, and efficiency of the three motor configurations is conducted. The selected optimal design is compared with the reference PM machine under both overload and rated conditions. The results indicate that the HPM-SynRM achieves higher torque performance under overload conditions and slightly lower torque under rated conditions compared to the reference machine, while reducing the PM cost by 34.4%. Finally, a prototype is developed to validate the simulation results. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Analytical models cost reduction demagnetization simulation hybrid permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance machines parallel and series configurations of magnets

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