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Effects of aggregate size distribution and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties of cemented gangue backfill samples under true triaxial compression

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 311-324页

作者： Qian Yin Fan Wen Zhigang Tao Hai Pu Tianci Deng Yaoyao Meng Qingbin Meng Hongwen Jing Bo Meng Jiangyu Wu State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Coal Resources Green Mining Ministry of EducationXinjiang Institute of EngineeringUrumqi 830023China

The mechanical behavior of cemented gangue backfill materials(CGBMs)is closely related to particle size distribution(PSD)of aggregates and properties of cementitious ***,the true triaxial compression tests,CT scanning,SEM,and EDS tests were conducted on cemented gangue backfill samples(CGBSs)with various carbon nanotube concentrations(P_(CNT))that satisfied fractal theory for the PSD of *** mechanical properties,energy dissipations,and failure mechanisms of the CGBSs under true triaxial compression were systematically *** results indicate that appropriate carbon nanotubes(CNTs)effectively enhance the mechanical properties and energy dissipations of CGBSs through micropore filling and microcrack bridging,and the optimal effect appears at P_(CNT)of 0.08wt%.Taking PSD fractal dimension(D)of 2.500 as an example,compared to that of CGBS without CNT,the peak strength(σ_(p)),axial peak strain(ε_(1,p)),elastic strain energy(Ue),and dissipated energy(U_(d))increased by 12.76%,29.60%,19.05%,and90.39%,***,excessive CNTs can reduce the mechanical properties of CGBSs due to CNT agglomeration,manifesting a decrease inρ_(p),ε_(1,p),and the volumetric strain increment(Δε_(v))when P_(CNT)increases from 0.08wt%to 0.12wt%.Moreover,the addition of CNTs improved the integrity of CGBS after macroscopic failure,and crack extension in CGBSs appeared in two modes:detour and pass through the ***σ_(p)and U_(d)firstly increase and then decrease with increasing D,and porosity shows the opposite ***ε_(1,p)andΔε_(v)are negatively correlated with D,and CGBS with D=2.150 has the maximum deformation parameters(ε_(1,p)=0.05079,Δε_(v)=0.01990)due to the frictional slip effect caused by coarse *** increasing D,the failure modes of CGBSs are sequentially manifested as oblique shear failure,"Y-shaped"shear failure,and conjugate shear failure.

关键词： cemented gangue backfill materials particle size distribution true triaxial compression test carbon nanotubes mechanical properties failure modes

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Anisotropic fracture behavior and corresponding fracture process zone of laminated shale through three-point bending tests

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2025年第2期17卷 757-774页

作者： Peng Chu Heping Xie Jianjun Hu Minghui Li Li Ren Cunbao Li State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green EnergyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Engineering Sciences and Green Energy Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Understanding the anisotropic fracture behavior and the characteristics of the fracture process zone(FPZ)under size effects in laminated rocks,as well as its role in rock fracturing,is crucial for various engineering *** this study,three-point bending tests were conducted on shale specimens with varying bedding angles and *** anisotropic characteristics and size effects of fracture parameters were revealed.A comparative analysis was performed on the evolutions of FPZs computed using size effect theory,digital image correlation(DIC),and linear elastic fracture *** results divulged that:(i)With increasing bedding angles,there is a noticeable decrease in apparent fracture toughness(KICA),apparent fracture energy(GICA),and nominal strength(σ_(Nu)).When the bedding angle of shale is less than 45°,the crack propagation and fracture parameters are mainly influenced by the ***,shale with bedding angles greater than 60°,the crack propagation and fracture parameters are mainly controlled by the *** the bedding angle is between 45°and 60°,the fracture propagation evolves from permeating the matrix to extending along the bedding;(ii)The fracture parameters exhibit significant size dependent behavior,as KICA and GICA rise with increasing specimen size,butσNu falls with increasing specimen *** fracture parameters align with the theoretical predictions of Bažant size effect law;and(iii)The lengths of DIC-based FPZ,effective FPZ,and inelastic zone follow W-shape variations with bedding *** dimensionless sizes of FPZ and inelastic zone decrease with specimen size,indicating a size ***,there is a negative relation between KICA and the dimensionless size of the FPZ,whileσNu is positively correlated to the dimensionless size of the *** highlights the essential role of the FPZ in the size effect of rock *** bedding angle exerts an influence on the FPZ,subsequently affecting the anisotropic fracture

关键词： Anisotropic Size effect Fracture process zone Fracture toughness Fracture energy

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An adjustable bio-sealing method for rock fracture leakage mitigation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2025年第1期17卷 220-232页

作者： Zhihao Dong Xiaohua Pan Chaosheng Tang Chao Lv Bin Shi School of Earth Sciences and Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023China State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116China

This study proposed a repeated adjustable mixture injection strategy(RAM)based microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP)for efficient mitigation of rock fracture *** fractures with small apertures were investigated,and bio-sealing experiments were conducted using five different cementation solution(CS)concentrations(0.25−2 M).The results showed that the RAM-based bio-sealing method can seal and bond the small aperture rock fractures with high efficiency and uniform precipitation by adjusting the CS *** RAM-based bio-sealing mechanism is attributed to the following four stages:(1)fixation of bacterial flocs onto the fracture surfaces,(2)precipitation of CaCO3 onto the fracture surfaces,(3)growth of pre-precipitated CaCO3 and adhesion of new-suspended CaCO3,and(4)bridging and clogging *** optimal CS concentration of 1 M resulted in a fracture filling rate up to 85%,a transmissivity reduction of 4 orders of magnitude,and a shear strength ranging from 512 kPa to 688 *** bio-sealing effect was found to be influenced by the CS concentration on bacterial attachment,calcium carbonate yield and calcium carbonate bulk *** CS concentration of 1 M promoted bacterial attachment,and increased calcium carbonate yield as well as calcium carbonate bulk density,while concentrations above 1 M had the opposite *** bulk density of calcium carbonate played a crucial role in the sealing and bonding performance of bio-sealed fractures,particularly at comparable filling ratios and bridging *** bulk density was regulated by the size of calcium carbonate crystals and was determined by Ca2+concentration in the *** study provides valuable insights into the RAM-based bio-sealing method,highlighting its potential for efficient rock fracture leakage mitigation through precise control of CS concentration and understanding the underlying mechanisms.

关键词： MICP Rock fracture Hydraulic and mechanical performance Bio-sealing

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key techniques for precise measuring gas content in deep coal mine:In-situ pressure-and gas-preserved coring

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第4期35卷 589-607页

作者： Ju Li Jianan Li Tianyu Wang Guikang Liu Zhiqiang He Cong Li Heping Xie School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Water Resource and Hydropower Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Gas content serves as a critical indicator for assessing the resource potential of deep coal mines and forecasting coal mine gas outburst ***,existing sampling technologies face challenges in maintaining the integrity of gas content within samples and are often constrained by estimation errors inherent in empirical formulas,which results in inaccurate gas content *** study introduces a lightweight,in-situ pressure-and gas-preserved corer designed to collect coal samples under the pressure conditions at the sampling point,effectively preventing gas loss during transfer and significantly improving measurement ***,a gas migration model for deep coal mines was developed to elucidate gas migration characteristics under pressure-preserved coring *** model offers valuable insights for optimizing coring parameters,demonstrating that both minimizing the coring hole diameter and reducing the pressure difference between the coring-point pressure and the original pore pressure can effectively improve the precision of gas content *** tests conducted at an experimental base validated the performance of the corer and its effectiveness in sample ***,successful horizontal coring tests conducted in an underground coal mine roadway demonstrated that the measured gas content using pressure-preserved coring was 34%higher than that obtained through open sampling methods.

关键词： Pressure-and gas-preserved coring deep coal mines coring Gas migration model In-situ gas content

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Cyclic shear responses of rough-walled rock joints subjected to dynamic normal loads

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2025年第5期17卷 3289-3297页

作者： Zhu, Qiang Yin, Qian Tao, Zhigang He, Manchao State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Beijing 100083 China

In rock engineering, the cyclic shear characteristics of rough joints under dynamic disturbances are still insufficiently studied. This study conducted cyclic shear experiments on rough joints under dynamic normal loads to assess the impact of shear frequency (f_h) and shear displacement amplitude (u_d) on the frictional properties of the joint. The results reveal that within a single shearing cycle, the normal displacement negatively correlates with the dynamic normal force. As the shear cycle number increases, the joint surface undergoes progressive wear, resulting in an exponential decrease in the peak normal displacement. In the cyclic shearing procedure, the forward peak values of shear force and friction coefficient display larger fluctuations at either lower or higher shear frequencies. However, under moderate shear frequency conditions, the changes in the shear strength of the joint surface are smaller, and the degree of degradation post-shearing is relatively limited. As the shear displacement amplitude increases, the range of normal deformation within the joint widens. Furthermore, after shearing, the corresponding joint roughness coefficient trend shows a gradual decrease with an increasing shear displacement amplitude, while varying with the shearing frequency in a pattern that initially rises and then falls, with a turning point at 0.05 Hz. The findings of this research contribute to a profound comprehension of the cyclic frictional properties of rock joints under dynamic disturbances. © 2025 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

关键词： Dynamic normal load Dynamic shear load Friction mechanisms Rough joints

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A review of test methods for uniaxial compressive strength of rocks:Theory,apparatus and data processing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2025年第3期17卷 1889-1905页

作者： Wei-Qiang Xie Xiao-Li Liu Xiao-Ping Zhang Quan-Sheng Liu En-ZhiWang State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering Xuzhou221000China The Key Laboratory of Safety for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering of Hubei Province School of Civil EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China

The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock *** UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few *** objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS *** starts with elaborating the theories of these test *** the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing ***,the method selection for UCS measurement is *** reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure *** trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal *** size correction methods are commonly *** is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen *** other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction *** to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of *** selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen *** engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.

关键词： Uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) UCS testing methods Test apparatus Data processing

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A novel permeability calculation model to simultaneously quantify the impacts of pore and fracture with full feature size

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第4期35卷 609-618页

作者： Minghui Li Banghong Zhang Zhouqian Wu Shaochen Luo Jun Lu Dongming Zhang Heping Xie State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green EnergyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

The permeability of rocks is of utmost importance in the exploitation of deep geological *** characterizations of rock permeability typically consider the influence of either pores or fractures ***,deep reservoir rock formations are subjected to complex environments with coupling of high temperature and *** a result,deep reservoir rocks possess a complex structure comprising of pores and fractures,making it challenging to understand their impact on *** this relationship is vital for the secure and efficient exploitation of deep geological *** study presents a permeability calculation model that enables simultaneously quantify the impacts of pore and fracture with full feature *** model independently considers large-scale fractures’fractal properties and tortuosity while also addressing the distribution and size of small-scale pores.A tortuosity expression that incorporates the effects of thermal damage has been developed using the pore geometric elasticity *** the distinct contributions of pores and fractures to rock permeability,a comprehensive rock permeability calculation model is *** model has two main strengths:it thoroughly characterizes the influence of pore structures on permeability at multiple scales and precisely details how fractal attributes of fractures affect *** validate the applicability of the model,this study conducted seepage experiments and microscopic observations,capturing the variations in permeability under thermo-mechanical coupling,while quantifying the geometric characteristics and spatial distribution of pores and fractures within the *** comparing the measured permeability results,the theoretical values demonstrated a commendable *** comparison to previous models,this innovative approach more accurately captures various flow characteristics of the rock under the influence of thermo-mechanical coupling.

关键词： Hot dry rock Geothermal exploitation Permeability Fracture-pore microstructure

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Fatigue properties and constitutive model of Jintan salt rock subjected to complex cyclic loading

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2025年第1期35卷 121-133页

作者： Qingchuan He Jianfeng Liu Fei Wu Cunbao Li Jie Chen Renbo Gao Chunfeng Ye Shijie Zhu State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071China

Salt cavern energy storage technology contributes to energy reserves and renewable energy *** study focuses on salt cavern gas storage in Jintan to assess the long-term stability of its surrounding rock under frequent *** fatigue test results indicate that stress holding significantly reduces fatigue life,with the magnitude of stress level outweighing the duration of holding time in determining peak *** a machine learning approach,the impact of various factors on fatigue life and peak strain was quantified,revealing that higher stress limits and stress holding adversely impact the fatigue index,whereas lower stress limits and rate exhibit a positive effect.A novel fatigue-creep composite damage constitutive model is constructed,which is able to consider stress magnitude,rate,and stress *** model,validated through multi-path tests,accurately captures the elasto-viscous behavior of salt rock during loading,unloading,and stress *** analysis further reveals the time-and stress-dependent behavior of model parameters,clarifying that strain changes stem not only from stress variations but are also influenced by alterations in elasto-viscous *** study provides a new method for the mechanical assessment of salt cavern gas storage surrounding rocks.

关键词： Salt cavern gas storage Cyclic loading Fatigue characteristics Constitutive model

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Deformation mechanism and NPR anchor cable truss coupling support in tunnel through fault fracture zone

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Journal of Mountain Science 2025年第1期22卷 354-374页

作者： HUO Shusen TAO Zhigang HE Manchao WANG Fengnian XU Chuang State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China

To address the issue of extensive deformation in the Tabaiyi Tunnel caused by the fault zone,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technology was employed to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of waterabsorbing *** analysis aimed to understand the mechanism behind the significant *** from the principle of excavation stress compensation,a support scheme featuring NPR anchorcables and an asymmetric truss support system was *** validate the scheme,numerical analysis using a combination of the Discrete Element Method(DEM)-Finite Element Method(FEM)was ***,similar material model tests and engineering measurements were carried *** experiments were also performed to evaluate the NPR anchor-cable and truss support system,focusing on anchor cable forces,pressures between the truss and surrounding rock,pressures between the initial support and secondary lining,as well as the magnitude of settlement and convergence deformation in the surrounding *** results indicate that the waterinduced expansion of clay minerals,resulting from damage caused by fissure water,accelerated the softening of the mudstone's internal structure,leading to significant deformations in the Tabaiyi Tunnel under high tectonic *** original support design fell short as the length of the anchor rods was smaller than the expansion depth of the plastic *** a result,the initial support structure bore the entire load from the surrounding rock,and a non-coupled deformation contact was observed between the double-arch truss and the surrounding *** adoption of NPR asymmetric anchor-cable support effectively restrained the expansion and asymmetric distribution characteristics of the plastic *** the mechanical degradation caused by water absorption in mudstone,the rigid constraint provided by the truss proved crucial for controlling the stability of the surrounding *** research findings hold significant implicatio

关键词： Fault fracture zone Large deformation Nuclear magnetic resonance NPR anchor cable truss support Coupled simulation

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Performance of a deep in situ pressure-preserving coring controller in a high-temperature and ultrahigh-pressure test system

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2025年第2期17卷 877-896页

作者： Xiaojun Shi Heping Xie Cong Li Jianan Li Guikang Liu Zhenxi You Mingzhong Gao State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China College of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

The pressure-preserving controller is the key component of deep in situ pressure-preserving coring(IPP-Coring).With increasing drilling depth,the environmental temperature and pressure increase ***,due to the strength and sealing problems of pressure-preserving controllers,the coring pressure is generally lower than 70 *** a high-temperature and ultrahigh-pressure test system is highly important for improving the strength and sealing performance of pressure-preserving *** paper introduces a high-temperature and ultrahigh-pressure test system for deep IPP-Coring controller performance *** device includes six parts:an auxiliary air source system,a pressurization system,a temperature control system,a hydraulic system,a data acquisition and electrical control system,and an ultrahigh-pressure *** test system can reconstruct a 150℃ and 200 MPa in situ environment and simulate and test the movement state of the corer and the stability of the pressure-preserving action trigger of the pressure-preserving controller in the deep IPP-Coring *** verify the performance of this test system,saddle-shaped pressure-preserving controllers made of four different materials were subjected to pressure tests under normal-temperature and high-temperature *** results showed that the ultimate pressure-bearing capability of the pressure-preserving controller greatly varied between normal-temperature and high-temperature *** pressure-preserving ability and sealing performance of the pressure-preserving controller decreased significantly at high temperature,and the pressure-preserving controller exhibited significantly different sealing failure characteristics due to material *** study is important for progressing the extraction and evaluation of deep reservoir resources.

关键词： deep mining In situ pressure-preserving coring(IPP-Coring) deep in situ conditions Test system development

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